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- At the age of four, children start to express their feelings using words such as "sad", "mad" and "afraid" and are able to explained what caused them (All About Young Children, 2013-2019).
- At the age of five, children like to play with the sounds of words and make silly rhythms off of them (All About Young Children, 2013-2019).
- Even before children know how to write at age four, they love to pretend they are writing letters and words since they are developing the skill of copying and writing letters (All About Young Children, 2013-2019).
- At the age of five, children can recognize letters and begin to write their name (All About Young Children, 2013-2019).

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- At the age of four, children love to question "Why?" and "How?"(California Department of Education, 2013).
- Between the ages of three to five children are capable of asking an answering questions and are very curious about the world. They often ask questions such as "Why does it look like that?","Why is the sky blue?"(California Department of Education, 2013).

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- Consists of two stages : preconcceptual period (ages 2-4) and Intuitive Period (ages 4 -7)
-There are four factors that guide the development from one stage to the other :
-Emotions that create feelings and motivate learning
-Physical growth ( including nervous system)
- Experiences self-discovery and own learning
- Social interactions are influenced by parents. teachers, and peers
- During the ages of 2-4 children learn from trial and error, symbolic or dramatic use of play, and making connections between things.

Nilsen. (2015

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Munakatay. (2011, March, 25). A typical child on Piaget's conservation tasks. Retrieved from (below link).

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A typical child on Piaget's conservation tasks

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- Children at the age of five are able to count to twenty but may miss some numbers (All About Young Children, 2013-2019).
- At age five, children are able to recognize some written numbers and when they look at a group of things, up to four, they are able to say the number without counting (All About Young Children, 2013-2019).
- "Children at this age can tell you how many things they have, because they understand that the last number they used in counting is the total number they have. “One, two, three, four, five, six. I have six pinecones!”  (All About Young Children, 2013-2019).

ECETP. (2017, August,17). Preschoolers cognitive. Retrieved from (below link).

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- From ages three to five, children are able to distinguish wether there's more or less of an object, for example if their friend has more cookies than them. However, they don't clearly understand quantity.(California Department of Education, 2013).
- At the age of three, children begin to listen more and begin to understand how to solve problems on their own by refusing the help of the adult (California Department of Education, 2013).

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- Between the ages of three to five, children love pretend play (California Department of Education, 2013).
- Pretend play helps children ages 3 to 5 develop their frontal lobe, the part of the brain that regulates behavior (Parents, 2019).
- In the preschool that I am observing, I am able to see how pretend play helps children to use their cognitive skills when thinking of how to set up their pretend kitchen, how to take care of their baby, etc. The girls love to be in their princess dresses and prepare food for their sick friends.
- Even though it is pretend play, children are aware they are pretending. During my second observation in the preschool, I asked E if she was taking care of H and she said she was, that H was very sick and I said I hope she feels better. E answered saying she is pretending to be sick, I am just pretending to be her nurse.

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- At age four, children pretend to read books and turn the pages pretending they are telling the story. However, they are coming up with their own story (All About Young Children, 2013-2019).
- At age five, children are capable of distinguish between real and imaginary events in their stories.
First Things First. (2011, March, 17). Reading to preschoolers (age 3-5). mp4. Retrieved from (below link).