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The church ordered the Dominicans to seek out heretics and stamp out teachings that opposed church doctrines. Heretics who confessed to sinful teachings or practices were forced to perform penance, a ritual designed to bring forgiveness. Those who did not confess involved burning at the stake. This was important because the church believed that these severe actions were needed to stop the spread of heresy in the christian world.

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The church was divides into opposing groups. For political reasons, each pope has the support of certain national rulers, their people, and clergy. This event was important because the great schism made the church become weaker. After a new pope was elected, they also suggested that other councils be held to correct church problems.

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The plague began in Asia and spread along busy trade routs. It entered ports by the way of trading ships. Black rats on the ships carried the disease and spread it to people through the fleas they carried. This was important because the Black Death caused many changes in Europe. Peoples faith in God was shaken followed by the church losing some of its power. Relations between the upper classes and lower classes changed. Workers, now in short supply, demandes higher wages along with peasants staging uprisings.

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By the late middle ages, England's feudal lords lost much of their power to its kings. The new class of townspeople supported a strong king. A single system of law and courts, as well as a larger army of soldiers helped strengthened the kings power. More taxes were also paid to the king. This event was important because the war saw the new weapons in Europe. The French knights on horseback were no match for the english and their longbows.

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The Renaissance is considered as the bridge between the middle ages and modern history. It started as a cultural movement in Italy in the late Medieval period and later spread to the rest of Europe. The Renaissance was a time of great beauty and art. This event is important because it ushered in many changes, particularly in European art and culture.

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Magna Carta is Signed 15th of June 1215 A.D.

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Magna Carta is Signed 15th of June 1215 A.D.

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King John demanded that the nobles pay higher taxes to support his war in France. Then, a powerful group of nobles joined together against the kind and his demands. Their threats of an armed uprising against the throne forced King John to accept Magna Carta. This is important because the Magna Carta protected the liberties of nobles as well as providing a limited outline of rights for England's ordinary people. He was also not allowed to make any special taxes without approval of the Great Council (high nobles and church leaders).

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This crusade was intended to capture Muslim territory by starting to invade Constantinople. This seemed to be one of the last acts of the Great Schism. They conquered the land and took it back into Roman power. This event is important because the Roman Empire finally gained some land back and re built their army.

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The third crusade was when the Roman Empire set out to retake Jerusalem from the Muslims leader Saladin once again. The crusade was lead by three European leaders. Saladin manages to unite the Muslim world and maintain rule over Jerusalem. This event was important because the large army that Saladin had was too big to fight against. The opposing leaders didn't have a large enough army to fight back and win.

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Muslims began retaking lands lost in the first crusade. Muslims took over the city of Edessa. European leaders went to capture the city back and failed. This event was important because since this crusade was a failure, the Roman Empire couldn't take back their holy land.

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The Crusades were wars between the Holy Roman Empire and Muslims over the holy land of Jerusalem. There would be several crusades over the next 200 years. The first Crusade began when the French and Italian lord led armies to reclaim Jerusalem. The Turks were disunited and were unable to defend the city. The Crusaders captured Jerusalem and most of the Holy Land. They also massacred its Muslim and Jewish inhabitants. This event is important because it sparked many battles occurring later in history and created tension between the Muslims and the Christians.

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Feudalism Begins Around the 10th Century

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Feudalism Begins Around the 10th Century

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Most Europeans were governed by small, local, independent leaders, most often by local lords. Within the feudal system a powerful noble who made the grant. This is important because feudalism helped protect communities from the violence and warfare that broke out after the fall of Rome and the collapse of the strong central government in Western Europe.

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The vikings would raid and loot settlements and bring captives back to work as slaves on their farms in Scandinavia. Their way of capturing towns was often savage and cruel. Their use of axes and large dogs struck terror into people. The vikings were also skilled in siege operations and could capture even strongly fortified villages. This is important because they spread their technology and art all over Europe.

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The empire's strength declined rapidly, the Carolingian state had begun to divide and collapse. Charlemagne's grandsons decided to split the land instead of uniting to overcome enemies from within and beyond the splintered empire, Charlemagne's grandsons and their successors fought amongst themselves. This event is important because it then introduced feudalism.

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Charlemagne is Called the Holy Roman Emperor 800 A.D.

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Charlemagne is Called the Holy Roman Emperor 800 A.D.

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On Christmas Day of the year 800, Charlemagne was in Rome to worship at Saint Peter's Basilica. As Charlemagne knelt in prayer, Pope Leo III placed a crown on his head and declared him "Emperor of The Romans". This is important because even though the Roman Empire was long gone, the title indicated his importance to Western Europe.

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He worked to build a "New Rome" when he was crowned king. As a Christian he helped spread church teachings and Christian beliefs. He brought together most of the Christian lands in Western Europe. He strengthened the political power of the Franks. He also introduced education amongst the people, even a few women. This event was so important because Charlemagne is now known as the greatest of all Frankish Kings.