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Uses a sensor that's the same size as a single frame of traditional 35mm film, measuring 36x24 mm.

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Image sensor that formats approximately equivalent in size to the Advanced photo system film negative in its C

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is a term that describes the difference between your camera's sensor size and a traditional 35mm film frame.

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A lens that is fixed on focal length

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A lens that allows a camera to change smoothly from a long shot to a close up or vice a versa by varying the focal length.

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You create and manipulate your documents and files using various elements, such as panels, bars, and windows. Any arrangement of these elements is called a workspace.

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is a set of icons or buttons that are part of a software program's interface or an open window. When it is part of a program's interface, the toolbar typically sits directly under the menu bar. For example, Adobe Photoshop includes a toolbarthat allows you to adjust settings for each selected tool.

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efer to a range of colors. A platform used for moving things is a pallet.

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enables you to adjust the colors in your image based on their hue, saturation, and lightness. Hue is the color in your image. Saturation is the intensity, or richness, of that color. And lightness controls the brightness value.

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Intensifies the colors and adds a global adjustment typically to red, green,and blue primary colors.

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allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys. The move tool is located at the top right of the Photoshop Toolbox. When the move tool is selected, click and drag anywhere in the image.

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allows you to zoomin on the image to get a better idea of the actual pixel makeup of a section you are working on.

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helps you to move around in an image document quickly and works similarly to a scroll bar, enabling you to do your work more quickly.

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cuts out a defined area deleting or hiding the rest of an image

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is simply a fancy way of saying what the length of one side of a pixel is in relation to the length of the other.

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uilt into it. So, to straighten a photo, click the Crop Tool (or press C) and click the Straightenicon on the toolbar. Click Crop and then click theStraighten icon on the Tool Options bar.

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fills an area of an image based on color similarity. ... A low tolerance means only very similar colors will be affected, a high tolerance means more pixels will be affected.

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is an element of the paintingtool that allows you to select a brush shape (square, circle, oval and so on) and also the the thickness in pixels you want to paint on your image with.

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is useful for drawing freeform segments of a selection border.

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selects pixels based on tone and color. This is one of the oldest tools.

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is a bit like a cross between the Rectangular Marquee Tool and the standard Lasso Tool, both of which we looked at in previous tutorials. It allows us to easily draw freeform selection outlines based on straight-sided polygonal shapes.

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You can use the Quick Selection tool to quickly“paint” a selection using an adjustable round brush tip. As you drag, the selection expands outward and automatically finds and follows defined edges in the image. Select the Quick Selection tool .

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his tool is used to draw selections based on geometric shapes. Specifically, the marquee tool allows you to draw rectangular and elliptical selections. To form the selection, simply click and drag the mouse.

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This tool can be used to clone areas from an image and blend the pixels from a sampled area seamlessly from the target area. To use this tool

1. Select the Spot Healing Brush tool from the toolbox. ...

2. Choose a brush size in the options bar. ...

3. (Optional) Choose a blending mode from the Mode menu in the options bar.

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allows you to fix image imperfections such as scratches, blemishes, etc. By sampling the surrounding area or using a predefined pattern you can blend the imperfections into the rest of the image. The healing brush tool is located in the Photoshop Toolbox, on the left side

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This tool is used to repair large parts of an image or to get rid of any distractions and blemishes.

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This tool allows you to make a duplicate part of an image. To use this tool

1. With the Clone Stamp tool selected, position the cursor over the area you want to clone and then Alt-click (Windows) or Option-click (Mac) to define the clone source.

2. Position the cursor over the area where you want to paint the cloned pixels and then start painting.

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allows you to move a selection or entire layer by dragging it with your mouse or using your keyboard arrows keys.

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This tool lightens or darkens areas of an image.

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Lighten or darkens areas of an image

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is a retouching tool used to alter the saturation of a portion of an image. It is reminiscent of the sponges used by watercolor artists to soften (or even remove) a color that has already been lain on the canvas.

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works by decreasing the contrast among adjacent pixels in the blurred area.

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enhances the definition of edges in an image.

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used to smear paint on your canvas. The effect is much like finger painting. You can use the smudge tool by clicking on the smudge icon and clicking on the canvas and while holding the mouse button down, dragging in the direction you want to smudge.

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in portraits is caused when the flash source is used too close to the lens axis and the pupils of the eye are wide open. ... Failing that, the red eye tool inPhotoshop is an easy-to-use tool for removing red eye from photographs that have been taken with a direct flash source.

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creates a gradual blend between multiple colors. You can choose from preset gradient fills or create your own. Note: You cannot use the Gradient tool with bitmap or indexed-color images. To fill part of the image, select the desired area.

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They allow you to selectively modify the opacity (transparency) of thelayer they belong to. This differs from the use of the layer Opacity slider as a mask has the ability to selectively modify the opacity of different areas across a single layer.

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are a group of a super useful, non-destructive image editing tools that add color and tonal adjustments to your image without permanently changing its pixels. With the adjustment layers, you can edit and discard your adjustments or restore your original image at any time.

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camera lens designed for photographing small subjects at very close distances.

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are extreme wide angle lenses that render the world in fun and surprising ways. These short focal lengths create panoramic or hemispherical photos.

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he letters stand for High Dynamic Range. ... It means that your camera will process photos slightly differently than normal in order to capture greater detail from bright and dark areas in your photo.

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is a reduction of an image's brightness or saturation toward the periphery compared to the image center. ... Vignetting is often an unintended and undesired effect caused by camera settings or lens limitations.

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creates and edits vector-based textin a separate layer. In the Toolbox, select the Horizontal Type Tool. On the Options bar, set the font options: family (style), size, color and anti-aliasing method.

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This is 18 percent of the light that hits on the grey card

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s where the camera determines a proper exposure not on the average brightness levels of the whole frame, but just of one specific spot.

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One of the four modes that helps measures the subjects brightness

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mode is the default meteringmode on most DSLRs. It works similarly to the above example by dividing the entire frame into multiple zones.

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Average or multi zone metering.