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Four waves

National Women's Rights Convention

National Woman's Suffrage Association

Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Susan B. Anthony, Jeanette Rankin, Alice Paul

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Haitian people were originally from Africa

Was only successful slave revolt

France vs. Britain + Spain

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Colonies were upset with British government:

Sugar Act

Stamp Act

*George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin*
Boston Massacre
Boston Tea Party
Declaration of Independence
Treaty of Paris

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Tsar (Nicholas II)
February Revolution- 1917

politics got involved, riots against government

army goes against Tsar, he was forced to give up throne

Bolshevik Revolution

Led by Vladimir Lenin

took complete control over Russian government

Russian was first communist country

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Tokugawa (1603-1868):
Causes:

feudal lords

weak economy and military

Ieyasu Tokugawa started this period
Meiji (1868- 1912):

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- Ottoman Empire was on steep decline, tremendous debt
*This was liberal reforms that tried to preserve the Ottoman Empire from collapsing*
Effects:

Political change

Young Ottomans

Young Turks

Secularized society

World War I

Nationalism

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Taiping:
Hong Xiuquan- a christian convert, Taiping Christianity
Consequences:

civil war

weakened Qing dynasty and economy

Boxer:
Blamed foreigners for their poverty
The Qing dynasty weakened because of this

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Napoleon- French leader that invaded Spain
Causes:

no respect for creoles

no free trade

Spain became weak

Outcomes:

independence

women had no benefits

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Civil war between the Communists and the Nationalists
Communist leader: Mao Zedong
Nationalist leader and military officer: Chiang Kai Shek
Outcome:

- Communists win and China becomes communist

- industrial growth

- unfair

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Causes:

monarchy

poverty

taxes

Government debt

The structure of France changed socially and politically

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European powers were closer to Americas than Asian counterparts

Advanced technology (ships, maps, etc.) guns, horses

Disease immunity that natives in Americas did not have

Some Europeans saw this as "the good hand of God" at work

Great dying= massive amount of natives killed by disease

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Igbo:

African tribe that flourished on their own

Proud they weren't ruled by kings

Traded with other tribes

Soon were taken over and forced to change by outside missionaries

Women had large roles

Iroquois:

developed agriculture practices in what is now New York state

When couples got married they lived with the wife's family and the wife controlled agriculture

Developed "League of Five Nations"

Confederations to make decisions

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In Spain- way  less women than men

Forced labor in large rural estates (silver/gold)

Creoles= Spaniards born in America

Peninsulares= Spaniards (whites born in Spain) were at the top

Mestizo= mixed race, initially Spanish men and native women

Indians= native group, indigenous people

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MARTIN LUTHER---> "Faith Alone"
- Bible should be interpreted according to one's conscience
- Went against needing the authority of the Church- only needed the Bible
- Women's roles did not change much from that of the Catholic Church- closed convents, promoted reading the Bible
- Protestantism subdivided into many sects:
- Lutheran, Calvinist, Anglican, Quaker, Anabaptist
- Resulted in dramatic religious conflicts throughout Europe

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Rebirth of ideas, ways of thinking

Ideas logic/ reasoning to gain knowledge

More of political change

Locke, Kant, Smith

Elite group of people

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Mathematician

He stated the sun is the center of the universe, and planets revolve around it

Made a big impact in Scientific Revolution

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Changed how humans fit in to the world

- Discussed by European intellectuals and elites

Europe was unique from Asia or the Middle East

- Developed elaborate legal system that was distinct from the Catholic Church

- Development of large Universities that we largely autonomous
- Puled heavily on the previous teachings of the Islamic world

Was considered a Revolution because thinkers challenged the fundamental understanding of the universe

Copernicus was first to set off thinking about the center of the universe (sun is center)

Most of new ideas attacked the understanding of the Church

Most of scientists did not reject Christianity, but promoted it

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Italy

$$

Traded with Ottoman Empire, advanced trade and caused Italy to become rich

Cultural Renewal

Individualism

Human thought

Art based on these things "humanists"

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Catholic Church response to Marin Luther and they try to fix corruption and make church whole again

Jesuits

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Africa demographics---> America foods= population increase and reproduction.
women: sex slavery
- the women stay and move up to authority
men: physical labor
- many men leave
polygamy---> 1 man married to several women
16 mil slaves taken, 12 mil crossed Atlantic, 4 mil died on march to coast

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- Trading Post Empire= controlling commerce/ trade by use force, not necessarily populations or large areas of land. In steep decline by 1600
- They tried to control the Spice trade, but weren't able to control more than 1/2
- Sold Asian goods

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Countries: France, Britain, Russians, and Dutch
People: Europeans, Native Americans, and Hurons
- protected native people from enslavement and displacement

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Gave birth to the new label 'imperialism', which later changed in meaning to cover expansion of territory, power and influence.

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Racial Blending- Spanish were able to dominate Mexico and Peru well before British establish colonies in America.

In Spain there were way less women than men, causing men to mate with native women.

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when Zheng He brought a Chinese fleet to set out on the Indian Ocean. He traveled around and showed off all the Chinese stuff.

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CHRISTOPHER COLUMBUS

The transfer of plants, animals, culture, and technology.

Disease- Native Americans weren't used to them

Animals- Pigs- breed fast, good source of food

Plants- potatoes, corn, beans, peanuts

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Andes mountains

girls were taken and sold as wives or priestesses

10 million people

gender parallelism

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Mesoamerica

buildings for worship and sacrifice

5-6 million people

gender parallelism