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The Constitution does not say anything about education but the Congress appropriates more than $60 billion a year to the U.S. Department of Education. The Necessary and Proper Clause has been called the ¨Elastic Clause¨, because it was stretched so far and made to cover so much years.

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Implied powers are powers that are not set out in many words in the Constitution. The Necessary and Proper clause gives the Congress to have expressed power to make laws that are necessary and proper to carry into Execution the foregoing Powers and all others that are vesting by the Constitution.

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In 1970 Alexander Hamilton. Secretary of the Treasury, urged the Congress to set up a national bank. It touched one of the most important disputes in American political history. Hamilton's opponents insisted on his plan and said that Congress does not have the power to establish a bank due to the Constitution.
Thomas Jefferson implied in the Constitution that the new gov. had only 1)those powers expressly granted to it by the Constitution 2) those few other powers absolutely necessary to carrying out the expressed power.

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Hamilton and liberal constructions looked to the Necessary and Proper Clause. It gave Congress the power to do anything that was related to the exercise of the expressed powers. The national bank was arranged to have the creation execution of taxing, borrowing, commerce, and currency powers.

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In 1816 Congress created a Second Bank of the United States. It came after a hard fought battle over the extent of the powers of Congress. The new bank now tried to persuade States. Tax was aimed directly at the Second Banks branch in Baltimore.

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James McCullohs, banks cashier, purposely issued notes on which no tax had been paid. Creation of the Second Bank was the ¨necessary and proper¨ to the execution of the four expressed powers of Congress: taxing, borrowing, commerce, and currency powers.

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Doctrine: a principle or fundamental policy,
The doctrine of implied powers has been applied in numerous counts. Congress has looked at it in a way to use its power and support decisions of the Supreme Court have made Article 1, Article 8, Clause 18 truly the Elastic Clause.