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1 Introduction to Social Learning Theory

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David L, "Social Learning Theory (Bandura)," in Learning Theories, June 19, 2015, https://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html.Bandura’s Social Learning Theory suggests that people learn from each other through observation and imitation. The social learning theory can be linked to the behaviourist and cognitive learning theories because they both involve attention, memory, and motivation to learn behaviours.Key notes on Social Learning Theory•	People learn through observing others’ behaviour, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviours.•	A person, through observation forms an idea of how new behaviours are performed. Through performing these learnt behaviours, a person is then able to identify whether it’s acceptable or not. (Linked to behaviourist theory on consequences).•	Social learning theory explains human behaviour in terms of continuous interaction between cognitive, behavioural, and environmental influences.Bandura identified three basic models of observational learning:•	A live model, which involves an actual individual demonstrating or acting out a behaviour.•	A verbal instructional model, which involves descriptions and explanations of a behaviour.•	A symbolic model, which involves real or fictional characters displaying behaviours in books, films, television programs, or online media.The Social Learning Theory has been linked to other research projects such as the theory that Children and teens can learn bad behaviours and inappropriate behaviours such as aggression from violent video games, movies, television programs and online videos.Someone else's actions may not always be enough to lead to learning. One’s mental state and motivation play an important role in determining whether a behaviourbehavior is learned or not.The theory is related to Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory and Lave’s Situated Learning, which also emphasize the importance of social learning.McLeod, S. A. (2016, Feb 05). Bandura - social learning theory. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html In the social learning theory Albert Bandura agrees with the theory of classical conditioning, these theories are closely linked looking at behaviour after consequences and praise. Within the social learning theory it is focused on models and how children are influenced by models such as parents, characters on TV, friends, peers and teachers. The theory looks at the behaviour that is observed and imitated by the individual. The theory suggests that individuals are more likely to imitate behaviour modelled by individuals if the same gender. Children also respond to the behaviour that imitates reinforcement and punishment, an example is of a young girl cuddling a teddy bear, a parent sees and says ‘ what a kind girl you are’ which encourages the child to repeat this behaviour due to the positive reinforcement that has been received. The social learning theory suggests there are two types of reinforcement, external and internal. External reinforcement is when an individual feels they need approval from the individual. Internal reinforcement is the happy feeling for being approved. Another way social learning theory works is when an individual takes into account positive reinforcement given to another child and the individual will copy the behaviour to receive the same reinforcement. There are four mediational processes proposed by Bandura:Attention – Where we are exposed to or notice the behaviour. For behaviour to be identified and imitated, it must be identified by the individual by grabbing their attention. Therefore, attention is very important in whether behaviour influences others to imitate. Retention – Remembering the behaviour is important for the individual to imitate, this means the behaviour may be observed more than once or the behaviour is noticeable enough to remember for the individual to imitate later. Most of the social learning is not imitated immediately as there is normally a delay in processing the information before imitating. Reproduction – The ability to be able to perform the behaviour that has been observed. For example if an individual observes someone running in a race and wins but the observer is in a wheelchair, they may appreciate the skills and the reinforcement of winning but will not attempt it due to not physically being able to. The behaviour you want individuals to imitate must be physically possible for them to complete. Motivation – The encouragement and will to perform the behaviour. The rewards or punishments linking to the behaviour must be strong enough to motivate the individual to imitate the behaviour. If the vicarious reinforcement is not important enough for the individual, they will not feel the need to imitate the behaviour. A criticism of the social learning theory is the limitation to describe behaviour solely in terms of either nature or nurture and attempts this, underestimating the complexity of human behaviour. This theory is also not differentiated and does not take into consideration everyone is different and has natural and environmental differences that can affect behaviour in different ways. 

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David L, "Social Learning Theory (Bandura)," in Learning Theories, June 19, 2015, https://www.learning-theories.com/social-learning-theory-bandura.html.Bandura’s Social Learning Theory suggests that people learn from each other through observation and imitation. The social learning theory can be linked to the behaviourist and cognitive learning theories because they both involve attention, memory, and motivation to learn behaviours.Key notes on Social Learning Theory•	People learn through observing others’ behaviour, attitudes, and outcomes of those behaviours.•	A person, through observation forms an idea of how new behaviours are performed. Through performing these learnt behaviours, a person is then able to identify whether it’s acceptable or not. (Linked to behaviourist theory on consequences).•	Social learning theory explains human behaviour in terms of continuous interaction between cognitive, behavioural, and environmental influences.Bandura identified three basic models of observational learning:•	A live model, which involves an actual individual demonstrating or acting out a behaviour.•	A verbal instructional model, which involves descriptions and explanations of a behaviour.•	A symbolic model, which involves real or fictional characters displaying behaviours in books, films, television programs, or online media.The Social Learning Theory has been linked to other research projects such as the theory that Children and teens can learn bad behaviours and inappropriate behaviours such as aggression from violent video games, movies, television programs and online videos.Someone else's actions may not always be enough to lead to learning. One’s mental state and motivation play an important role in determining whether a behaviourbehavior is learned or not.The theory is related to Vygotsky’s Social Development Theory and Lave’s Situated Learning, which also emphasize the importance of social learning.McLeod, S. A. (2016, Feb 05). Bandura - social learning theory. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/bandura.html In the social learning theory Albert Bandura agrees with the theory of classical conditioning, these theories are closely linked looking at behaviour after consequences and praise. Within the social learning theory it is focused on models and how children are influenced by models such as parents, characters on TV, friends, peers and teachers. The theory looks at the behaviour that is observed and imitated by the individual. The theory suggests that individuals are more likely to imitate behaviour modelled by individuals if the same gender. Children also respond to the behaviour that imitates reinforcement and punishment, an example is of a young girl cuddling a teddy bear, a parent sees and says ‘ what a kind girl you are’ which encourages the child to repeat this behaviour due to the positive reinforcement that has been received. The social learning theory suggests there are two types of reinforcement, external and internal. External reinforcement is when an individual feels they need approval from the individual. Internal reinforcement is the happy feeling for being approved. Another way social learning theory works is when an individual takes into account positive reinforcement given to another child and the individual will copy the behaviour to receive the same reinforcement. There are four mediational processes proposed by Bandura:Attention – Where we are exposed to or notice the behaviour. For behaviour to be identified and imitated, it must be identified by the individual by grabbing their attention. Therefore, attention is very important in whether behaviour influences others to imitate. Retention – Remembering the behaviour is important for the individual to imitate, this means the behaviour may be observed more than once or the behaviour is noticeable enough to remember for the individual to imitate later. Most of the social learning is not imitated immediately as there is normally a delay in processing the information before imitating. Reproduction – The ability to be able to perform the behaviour that has been observed. For example if an individual observes someone running in a race and wins but the observer is in a wheelchair, they may appreciate the skills and the reinforcement of winning but will not attempt it due to not physically being able to. The behaviour you want individuals to imitate must be physically possible for them to complete. Motivation – The encouragement and will to perform the behaviour. The rewards or punishments linking to the behaviour must be strong enough to motivate the individual to imitate the behaviour. If the vicarious reinforcement is not important enough for the individual, they will not feel the need to imitate the behaviour. A criticism of the social learning theory is the limitation to describe behaviour solely in terms of either nature or nurture and attempts this, underestimating the complexity of human behaviour. This theory is also not differentiated and does not take into consideration everyone is different and has natural and environmental differences that can affect behaviour in different ways. 