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THE MONASTERY OF HUELGAS REALES IN BURGOS

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THE MONASTERY OF HUELGAS REALES IN BURGOS

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Our stage goes from Santo Domingo de la Calzada, Belorado and Redecilla del camino to Burgos. We get into the Central plains of Spain. It means that all surroundings and settings are very plain and farmers use them to grow up crops like wheat or barley.

The monastery of Huelgas is in Burgos.
That was the Royal burial of the kings and queens of Castile. It was built in 1187 by king Alfonso VIII of Castilla and his wife Leonor de Plantagenet.
It is a Gothic building because it has got a basilical covered with simple rib vaults but decorated in the Angevine style ( Norman) due to the English queen.
There are a big apse with ceramics decorations and religious pictures. It seems to be a stronghold because of its thick walls and smalls Windows.

Alicia Martín  2b

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This abbey is situated in France.
It is at the Burgundy territory, a region next to Switzerland and Germany. Very hilly and mountain, if we considere the rest of France.

The abbey Cluny III was built by the abbot Hugo at the end of the 10th century when the former abbey remained small for such an amount of monks.

It has a latin cross plant,  with five naves, wide head with ambulatory and five radials chapels, plus another ten in the transepts, six bell towers and a galilea or portico of three naves flanked by two large towers. Before a building of such dimensions, needed some structural reinforcement for the buttresses, which are resolved by a king of arches that will be predecessors of the flying buttresses typical of the Gothic. The four domes ( one on each transept and two more in the greater transept) settle on trunks The pillars are all of cruciform section.

María Gutiérrez Iglesias.
2º ESO A.

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From Ponferrada to Cebreiro, you run along and through the Galician mountain ranges, with more than 2.000 meters high. Rainy in summer and spring, snowy in winter and autumn, the landscape is amazing for its greenness and breath-taking mountains.

Cebreiro is a town and a Spanish mucipitality of the province of Lugo, in Galicia. It belongs to the region of “Los Ancares”. It is the highest municipitality of the province, its population is 1,032 inhabitants.

This town is famous for its hostels and accommodations for the Saint James’ Way and for being the first gateway in the north of Galicia. Besides, it is very important to mention “Las Pallozas” that are archaic type houses, testimony of a population before the Romans.

Its church or parish was made in Romanesque style, very small , dark, and with thick and strong walls to protect to the climate.

Lyra Cantero Molano
2ºA

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LA REAL COLEGIATA DE SANTA MARÍA. RONCESVALLES.

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LA REAL COLEGIATA DE SANTA MARÍA. RONCESVALLES.

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1st. stage: Saint Jean Pied de Port-Roncesvalles.
It is located in the most accessible area of the Western Pyrenees to enter the Iberian Peninsula. It is a very hilly area with a lot of vegetation. The beech and oak forests stand out.

The Colegiata has got Gothic architecture. Its basilical lay-out is divided into three naves with five sections. The main plant is wider and taller than the lateral ones.
We know that its structure is Gothic by, among others, its double barrel vault, its pointed arches and its stained glass windows, which were used to let in light because people said that it came from God.

Paula Calvo Blázquez.
2ºESO A.

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It was a long long way. 800 kilometers from the French border. More than 1.500 kms from the north of France.

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The French Way is the most popular all over the World. It started in Saint Jean Pied-du-Port in France, crossed through the border and got into Spain. Around 800 kilometers, passing mountain ranges and great plains, a pilgrim should reach Compostela where Saint James' burial is settled.

Others are...
The Aragonese Way from Somport-Jaca
The Northern Way from Bayonne, France
The English Way from Ferrol
The Portuguese Way from Porto
The Mozarab Way from Seville

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In Burgos we can see the Holy Church Cathedral. This Metropolitan Basilica of Santa María is a cathedral temple of Catholic cult dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Its construction began in the year 1221, following French Gothic patterns.


It consists on three naves drawing a Latin-cross lay-out, with a small transept but a very big complex head with deambulatory and radial chapels. Naves are topped by two square-shaped side towers. What is most remarkable are the vaults and the windows. A fantastic claristory or open windows get through all naves making the inner space very clear and magnificent.
Vaults are made in a simple rib vault but held by outer flying buttresses and thick buttresses, making it the Gothic typical appearance.


  Marta Moreno Hernández
2º ESO B

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My stage is from Somport to Jaca, another way to access to the Iberian peninsula.  It’s 30.9 km long. It runs through a beautiful mountainous landscape.The setting is very picturesque, the Pyrenees offer splendid backgrounds. It’s a hard stage surrounded by peaks and cliffs, areas of sparse vegetation or low mountain. It’s not very populated. The vegetation is mainly formed by firs and pines.

My building is the catedral of Jaca. It is the first Romanesque cathedral built in Aragón. Construction began in 1077 during the reign of Sancho Ramírez, and finished in 1130. The cathedral has a generally Romanesque structure, although several elements are in Gothic, Renaissance and Baroque styles. The style called ajedrezado jaqués – a type of blocked chessboard pattern – was first used.

The church has a basilical plan with a nave and two aisles, a crossing and three apses.  Only one of the current apses is original.

It is Romanesque because inside you can see  thick walls,small windows, round arches,a barrel vault, sturdy pillars and columns with richly decorated capitels and paintings in a Byzantine style. It’s not lightful.
Today, most of the vaults are in a Gothic shape because the church was rebuilt in 15th century. It is covered with starry and complicated rib vaults.

Outside you can see a large tower, butresses  to support the weight of the thick walls and two entrances with beautiful tympanus.

Celia Pizarro Rodríguez
2º ESO B

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Pamplona belongs to the Saint James' way stage from Roncesvalles to Pamplona. It is a long descent from Roncesvalles in the Pyrennes to Pamplona in the river Area valley. Their settings are very granny and picturesque with a lot of deciduous trees forest.

The Cathedral of Santa María is located in Pamplona.
Buildings were built in different periods and styles, keeping rooms, refectory and others next to the church in a Romanesque style, but the church and the cloister remained in a Gothic style, made from the 14th to 16th.
We could see large but simple rib  vaults in the main nave and very thick and slim pillars to hold them.

The facade of the building belongs to the Neo-classsical period, in the 18th century.

The cathedral of Pamplona is the first Cathedral one the Saint James' Way by the entrance of Roncesvalles to the Peninsula.

Elena Quiroga Quijada
2°ESO A

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Burgos- Fromista.

The landscape is a dry land with few elevations and there is space vegetation due to the continental climate and the people's pressure along history.

Fromista is a town and municipality belong to the province of Palencia and the region of Tierra de Campos, in the autonomous community of Castilla y León.

The church of San Martin de Fromista, located on the Saint James' way, was built in the second half of the 11th century by order of Doña Mayor de Castilla as part of a monastery of San Martin, now disappeared. The firt news referring to this church date back to the year 1066, which had already begun its construction.
The church of San Martín presents a basilical plan, formed by three naves of different sizes separated by composite pillars. The three naves, with a barrel vault, the central one wider and higher than the lateral ones, end in three circular apses. The basilical plan is combined with the Latin cross form. The octagonal dome above the transept and the two cylindrical towers on both sides of the main façade stand out on their low-rise naves. From the outside you can see its solid walls, with few windows with semicircular arches in the apses and on the sides of the temple.
Rodrigo Hernández Sanchez. 2ºESO A.

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From Cebrerio to Samos, you cross along Triacastela and other beautiful places. It is a hilly and complicated stage with many forest and grass fields.

Samos Monastery was built in the 6th century in Lugo, Galicia. During many years, this monastery suffered many fires and sackings.  In this centre, many bishops and important religious people studied, for example: Benito Jerónimo Feijo. The monastery became the headquarters of order of the Benedictines.

Before being destroyed, the Church was designed in a Baroque style with Neo-gothic stairs designed by ‘’Juan Monleón’’ and the refectory was made in a Renaissance style.
Only remains Gothic the cloister and its walkways, made in the 15th century.

Sandra Moreno González 2º ESO B

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THE ROMANESQUE BRIDGE OF PUENTE LA REINA

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THE ROMANESQUE BRIDGE OF PUENTE LA REINA

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My stage is from Puente La Reina to Estella. It is a mountainous stage with some rivers like Arga and Salado. There are also cereal crops. In Puente La Reina’s fauna there are some animals like the wild boar, the roe deer or the mountain cat. In the flora we can see conifers and black poplars.

Puente La Reina is located in Navarra and it has a population of about 2,800 inhabitants. Until the 19th century the official language there was the Euskera. Now Spanish and Euskera are spoken in Puente La Reina.
In Puente La Reina the Franco-Navarrese route from Roncesvalles and the Franco-Aragonese route from Somport mix together in a single way, the Royal French way.

My building is the Romanesque bridge over river Arga, in Puente La Reina. It was built in the 11th century. Its length is 110 meters.

It is a Romanesque bridge because it has semicircular archs and because the century it was built.

Some other places to visit in Puente La Reina are: the Santiago’s Parish Church, the Church of the Crucifix, the Church of San Pedro or the Hermitage of San Martín de Gomacín.

Lucas Mena Corrales 2º ESO B

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From Fromista to Carrión, there is a long way but not far away. A road next to the path shows us how plain Castile is. Crops and dovecotes are surrounding this way.

The church de Carrión de los Condes has a Romanesque style. The Fruchel master built that building in 1160. Its real name is Church of saint James.

The plan of the church is a basilical, with three naves and three apses. Today, there is only one nave, others were lost. The entrance is decorate with a round arch and  is decorate with a Pantocrator and the  apostle over this.

A very strong and high tower over the nave had been built in arabic-mudejar style.

David Fernández barrios
2ºESO A

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This is one of the four main ways going through France from Vezelay to Spain.
It goes in a northeast-southwest direction, crossing four regions: Burgundy, Val de Loire, Lemosín and Aquitaine. A hilly region, with large valleys and plenty of crops and forest.

The church was built in a Romanesque style. Three naves, a transept nave and a complex head draw its layout. Very typical from those ages.
If we came inside, we could see one of the most amazing facts of such a Romanesque church: its vaults. They were made by stone and their shapes are a crossing vault ( bóveda de arista) reinforced with large semicircular arches.
The head of the church is performed in a Gothic style because we can see large and slim ribs making its Gothic vault.
(P.M.S.)

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TORRES DEL RIO.

This stage means to leave out Pyrennes and to enter into the Ebro valley. Surroundings change a lot. There are not mountains but the landscape remains hilly and irregular. The settings remains wet and not very green during all year. Its climate is continental and not very rainy.

The Church of the Holy Sepulcher is a Christian temple located in the municipality of Torres del Rio (Navarre). The octagonal floor is crowned in the interior with a cross dome that is part of one of the most unique architectural features of this temple.
The church is not large, but represents a clear example of Navarre Romanesque  12th century It is located on the edge of the Saint James Way Halfway along the road between Estella and the city of Logroño: the N-111. It was declared the Historical-Artistic Monument Temple in 1931.

Yusef Larousi 2ºA

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My stage is from Torres del Río in Navarre to La Rioja, in the city of Logroño. It is not a difficult stage. it hurts through the south of the Ebro’s river. It is a plain scenery in a swampy area, with a big city.

My building is the Cathedral of Logroño. It is a very attractive church built in the 15th century over a little monastery. The cathedral had many changes in the 17th century and 18th century. It was built in a Gothic style and Baroque style. The designer of this incredible church is anonymous but it is believed that many people designed it during the many repairs and changes.

It is gothic because we can visit and see his big occidental’s facade. It has got two monumentals towers, this towers are the iconic of the city of Logroño. The church is form three naves, one is the central and the two others are sides. Along the walls sides are spread the chapels of the church.

The lay-out is very simple, with a latin-cross shape. Three naves and one more in each side with chapel (5 at last) end in a simple head with three apses. The crossing was covered with starry vaults from the 15th century.

It has got eight cilindric pillars that finalize opening to form a complicated ribbed vault. The cathedral contains in the entrance a retable facade that decorates the entrance of the church.
The retable has got many figures.

María Sánchez Labrador 2ESO B

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We are also continuing in the central plains of Spain but we are very close to the River Orbigo and Esla valleys. Greeny settings due to the water crops.

The San Tirso church of Sahagun (León, Castilla y León, Spain). Is a religious building.

It has no cult because today it is a museum.  It was built in 12th century and it was finished between 1180-1190.

It is the most representative of the romanesque-mudejar leonese art. It sets in Sahagun, landmark of Saint James´ Way, probably, its main core. It can consider San Tirso, in fact, the prototype church for the way. This was an example for the following buildings in Sahagun.

Its lay-out is rectangular of three naves finished off semicircular apse in the central. The reinforcements are made with four outer buttress, extended in brick. Today, naves are covered with a plain wood roof, not with vault, except the dome that is above the tower and over the main apse.

It has three apses, the big one that is in the central nave (north) is the result of restoration in the 20th mid-century.

The tower, rectangular and made of bricks too, is magnificent raising over straight stretch of the centre apse and no over the transept .

It is built by two sections, its firt section is very solid to support the weight of the superior estructure and its second section is open with lot of windows.

Kiara Alcón Macías.
2º Eso A

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Sarria-Portomarín Stage

My stage on the Saint James of Compostela is number 27 between Sarria and Portomarín. For many walkers, Sarría is kilometer 0 of his pilgrimage to Compostela last 100 kilometers, the minimum distance that you have to walk on foot to get to Compostela.

The stage does not have much difficulty. Affordable kilometers and pleasant landscapes of forests with oaks and chestnuts next to small meadows, with frequent but moderate differences.

The medieval city of Portomarín is located on the Saint James' Way on the right bank of the Miño river. In 1963 it disappeared under the waters of the Belesar reservoir and the buildings with the highest historical value were moved to the modern city, as it was the church of San Juan or San Nicolás, moved stone by stone to its new location at the top of the mount of Christ in the middle of the new town that was inaugurated in 1966.

In the 12th century, the Military Order of the Knights of Saint James built this temple of great and high walls and with battlements, which gave it the appearance of a fortress. The square lay-out of the church, its straight forms and the few decorative elements, makes clear that the church is of Romanesque origin. The side walls are occupied by buttresses joined together by semicircular arches. The nave is covered wit a late-Romanesque barrel vault with pointed arches.

A very important element in this church is its large rose window on the main facade, which gives light to the interior of the same, apart from the small side windows. We also emphasizes the big and lonely apse, circular spaces destined by the priest to drive the prayer and the mass.

If you make the way during the autumn months, you will be in luck, since you will see the old town that the rest of the year is flooded by the water of the reservoir.

By: Lola Ramiro Macarro 2º ESO B.

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MONASTERY OF SANTA MARÍA LA REAL EN NAJERA

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MONASTERY OF SANTA MARÍA LA REAL EN NAJERA

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Nájera is one of the stations of the James Way in the Rioja

and one of its most monumental towns. Not in vain was the

capital of the NajeraPamplona kingdom in the tenth and

eleventh centuries, reaching its maximum splendor at the

time of Sancho Garcés III, the Bigger.

Within this rich heritage of Nájera stands out especially the

magnificent Monastery of Saint Maria of Real.

This monastery was founded in 1052 by the Navarrese king

García IV of Nájera, attached to the cave where, according to tradition, he found a set of objects: an image of the Virgin Mary with the Child, a bell and a vase with lilies.

The church is truly magnificent and does not diminish if compared to many of the Spanish cathedral buildings of the time.

The cloister of the monastery is called "Cloister of the Knights" because it was the place chosen by many nobles who paid with their wealth to the monastery to have a pious place for their burial.

This cloister is a masterpiece of architecture and sculpture

of the sixteenth century, being completed in 1528.

It has its four pandas covered with late gothic vaults of complex ribs. The most beautiful are the pointed arches of the end of the Gothic that shelter delicate columns and

plateresque traceries. All of them are different and in the vegetal and geometric framework that presides over them. We also see animals and angels.

In the cloister we can find several monumental doors. One of them is called San Juan and is the one that gives access to the temple from the cloister. It is a Renaissance structure with plateresque decoration.

Another is found in the eastern panda of the cloister and is

known as the Puerta de los Reyes, carrying two shields: one

from Castilla y León and the other from Navarra. It gave access to the old refectory and the sacristy. It is of Elizabethan Gothic style with vain delimited by carpaneles arches.

Daniel Colmenero 2º ESO A

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My stage is from the city of Tours to Poitiers. My stage is easy to cross, because the landscape is plain and green. There are some types of crops such as corn or vineyard. If you go there, you can see wide and green forest and long rivers. The longest river in Frances crosses this stage, the Loire River. The climate is warm and sunny in summer and in winter is cold and snowy.

My building is Saint Martin of Tour, which is located in Tours, in the center of the valley of the river Loire, department Indre and Loire. It is a basilica which was ordered to build this building in the 5th century by the bishop Pepert. Sadly, it was burnt in 558 and in 853 and in 903 was burnt again by the Normans. During that years it was one of the five most visited churches by the pilgrims.  In 1562 the reliquary of Saint Martin was burnt by Protestant religious supporters during the Religious War. During the years of the French Revolution (1793) was used as stables. This building was demolished in 1797 because the vaults had not held the roof because someone had stolen the chains which hold it. The current basilica was built in 1884. The basilica is built in Romanesque style.

It is Romanesque because we can see inside barrel vaults made with half pointed arches, they were replaced between 1175-1180. The basilica has got a long and nave and two narrow, but also long aisles. Its plant is a Latin cross. The basilica has got two towers: the clock tower and Charlemagne´s tower. There is a circular dome. Inside of the dome, there is a picture of Saint Martin of Tours. There are small windows. In the upper part of the columns is the face of St. Martin.

Marta Jiménez Martín 2º ESO A

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It is located in the basilica of San Isidoro. This Basilica is in the Leon city.
The relief where Leon is located is among the Cordillera Cantábrica, the Galáico- Leonés mountains and the Central plains.
More of the 50% of the total surface is about 1000 metres of altitude.

The Royal Pantheon is Romaneque architecture because it has got Romanesque crossing vaults decorated with pictures and capitals.
Also, it has got round arches and the basilica has a latin cross plant.
The Royal Pantheon of San Isidoro was built on December 21 of  1063, between the 11-12th centuries.

Paintings are very remarkable, probably the best preserved in all peninsula. Naturalistic pictures mix up the space with more religious and formal ones (a Pantocrator next to de Holy Announcement). All are very plain, simple in drawings, not very real but then very schematic. They are plenty of colours, blues, yellows, reds making more real all paintings.

Clara Antúnez Pérez 2ºA

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CATHEDRAL Of SANTIAGO OF SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA

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CATHEDRAL Of SANTIAGO OF SANTIAGO DE COMPOSTELA

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My stage is from Portomarín to Santiago, in Galicia. Santiago has a  hilly landscape,  with hardly  plains and valleys. Its settings are very beautiful with large forest and small villages everywhere.

My building is the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela.

This Cathedral  was appointed by  Alfonso VI  and the architect who built this Cathedral was Bernard the Elder in the 11th century .
It has a Romanesque and Gothic styles but also many others as Renaissance or Baroque.
How many naves does has Santiago got? It has got three naves , latin-cross lay-out , a transept , nine apse at the head and everything covered by a barrel vault.
Now, I am going to explain because it is mostly romanesque . Romanesque means that all vaults are barrel vaults held by strong walls and thick pillars. It is also Romanesque because  the cathedral are made of stone,  to support the enormous  and heavy vaults  they used to build thickness walls, columns and pillars and large buttress on  external wall.

BY :Sara Moreno 2B

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The Way of St. James (Camino de Santiago). Compostela | Documentary Part 1

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My stage is from León to Ponferrada. The path goes through natural paths and trails, both easy to walk. In this stage you can find some small towns here and there.

The construction that I have chosen is the Cathedral of Santa María de Regla, located in León. It is a 13th century Catholic temple. It is built on a royal palace that was also built on ancient Roman thermal baths.

The style of the cathedral is Gothic. It is got through the stained glass windows, which allow the entrance of natural light into the interior of the building, through the pointed arches, the flying buttresses separated from the walls and the vaults.
It has a Latin-cross lay-out with three naves and a small transept and a big and complex head with deambulatory and radial chapels or apses.

Vaults are typically rib gothic vaults held by a complex system of pillars, flying buttresses and buttresses outside.

The cathedral was under the patronage of Bishop Martín Fernández and the support of King Alfonso X "el sabio". Its construction began in 1205 and was completed in 1301, with some delays due to some problems that appeared.

In those centuries, the city experienced a great population growth and a general development thanks to the "Saint James' way" that brought trade, culture, ideas and art among many other things.

Paula León Canalo  2ºESO A

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My stage in the Saint James way is in Ponferrada (León, Spain). There, there is a castle, that is called “Templar Castle”. The first fortifications of  it were built towards 1187.

Its style is Romanesque because we can find  things such as barred vaults, round arches and buttresses connected to thick walls.

In the enclosure of the castle, we can divide it into two parts: the north part, from the 12th century, and the rest, built along the 15th century. In past times the castle was sourrounded by a moat.

Inside there is a group of fortifications from the 12th of Templar origin: the remains of a barbican in the access to a courtyard, part of the walkway, a tower that had three floors, the Malvecino tower, from the 15th century, and other tower with a pointed arch door., of great artistic value.

The northwest facade constitutes a running parapet which ends in the Moclín tower, with irregular hexagonal plant. Under it a new walkway was opened. It defended the underground that joined the castle with a well, located in a keep.

The main cover is formed by two towers that surround a big rounded arch.

Before entering the courtyard there is a defensive gate house that goes to the Cabrera tower, in which point stands a semicircular tower. The wall continues to the north, finding another squared tower before going to the Malvecino tower.

In the courtyard, there are some things, like the Gallery of Azulejos.

Pilar Pérez Núñez
2º ESO B

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Conques is a church located in the Central mountain ranges of France.
Those high mountains creates a very green landscape with deep forest, plenty of wild animals.
It is of Romanesque style so it was created in the XI-XII century. It was a popular stop for pilgrims who made the Saint James' way.

The church is one of the best medieval pilgrimage churches ever persevered.
It has three naves covered by barrel vaults so darkness is typical inside the church. Small windows and strong wall are characteristic of the work.
A transept nave creates a crossing covered with a large dome protected by a tower called Cimborrio.

At the head of the church, a complex system of a choir and apses surrounding a semi-circular shape walkway called deambulatory allowed people to visit a "lignum cruces", a piece of the cross where Christ was killed.

Ainara Romero Pinero
2 ESO B

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Toulouse – Canfranc Stage

My stage is from Toulouse to Canfranc in Spain. It is not a really easy stage because we reach the Pyrenees mountain ranges with very high peaks.Tthe landscape is very irregular, with lot of complicated roads and climbing up many mountains.

My building is the Cathedral of Toulouse. It is a very impressive church. This church it is a little different because was built over another church from the third century. Then, Isarn  (a bishop) in the XIII century ordered to rebuilt the church. Besides, this church has the nave and the aisles were made in a romanesque style. probably, m the biggest and largest pilgrimage church ever built.

To hold or support all those vaults, architects reinforced walls with large and heavy buttresses made of stone. That means that no big windows could be opened to enlight the church.

The head of the church represents the spirit of the Romanesque style: a large choir, surrounded by a deambulatory with many chapels or apse to give pray to rich people.

The nave is made in a romanesque style because it has a fantastic barrel vault with semicircular arches.

Sabrina Guerrero Guerrero
2ºA

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Nájera-Santo Domingo de la Calzada.

My stage is from Nájera to Santo Domingo de la Calzada. It's the stage number 9. It’s a short stage with only 20,5 kilometres, where we  will cross the landcapes of cereals like wheat and letting away the grapevines.

Santo Domingo was a hermit and wanted repaired the Saint James’ way near the river Oja. He built a bridge, a church, hostels for pilgrims and more issues.

The construction of the cathedral in a romanesque style, started in 1158 by the master Garçion, that desinged a cathedral with a latin cross plant of three naves with ambulatory. It’s organized like a tradicional pilgrim’s church.

In the romanesque head, the reliefs of the capitals and pillars that surround the presbytery highlight, where there is a Christ Savior or Pantocrator, and the Assumption of the Virgin. Today, all vaults have been rebuilt and were made in a Gothic style, in a starry shape from the 15th century.

Outside the cathedral, we can see robusts buttress, tradicional of the romanesque style.

In the southern part of the transept there is a Gothic henhouse that remembers the legend of the miracle of the Saint on an unjust drowning.

Other important place for visit in this city is The Exempt Tower. Is a big baroque tower with sixty-nine metres; is the tallest tower in La Rioja. The tower is isolated of the cathedral for having a more solid terrain. Other importan place more is the lookout ’Alto de Corporales’, where you can see all the city  in full; with its river Oja, its expanses, and its mountains near the Rioja Alta.

By: María Ramiro Macarro. 2ºESO B

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BAROQUE