# data[].attributes.attachment_link.readable_text
Section 802 of the USA PATRIOT Act (Pub. L. No. 107-52) expanded the definition of terrorism to cover ""domestic,"" as opposed to international, terrorism. A person engages in domestic terrorism if they do an act "dangerous to human life" that is a violation of the criminal laws of a state or the United States, if the act appears to be intended to: (i) intimidate or coerce a civilian population; (ii) influence the policy of a government by intimidation or coercion; or (iii) to affect the conduct of a government by mass destruction, assassination or kidnapping. Additionally, the acts have to occur primarily within the territorial jurisdiction of the United States and if they do not, may be regarded as international terrorism.

Section 802 does not create a new crime of domestic terrorism. However, it does expand the type of conduct that the government can investigate when it is investigating "terrorism." The USA PATRIOT Act expanded governmental powers to investigate terrorism, and some of these powers are applicable to domestic terrorism.

The definition of domestic terrorism is broad enough to encompass the activities of several prominent activist campaigns and organizations. Greenpeace, Operation Rescue, Vieques Island and WTO protesters and the Environmental Liberation Front have all recently engaged in activities that could subject them to being investigated as engaging in domestic terrorism.

One recent example is the Vieques Island protests, when many people, including several prominent Americans, participated in civil disobedience on a military installation where the United States government has been engaging in regular military exercises, which these protesters oppose. The protesters illegally entered the military base and tried to obstruct the bombing exercises. This conduct would fall within the definition of domestic terrorism because the protesters broke federal law by unlawfully entering the airbase and their acts were for the purpose of influencing a government policy by intimidation or coercion. The act of trying to disrupt bombing exercises arguably created a danger to human life - their own and those of military personnel. Using this hypothetical as a starting point, we will go through the USA PATRIOT Act and explore the new governmental powers that could be brought to bear on Vieques Island protesters whose conduct falls within the overbroad definition of domestic terrorism.

Seizure of assets - Sec. 806: Section 806 of the Act could result in the civil seizure of their assets without a prior hearing, and without them ever being convicted of a crime. It is by far the most significant change of which political organizations need to be aware. Section 806 amended the civil asset forfeiture statute to authorize the government to seize and forfeit: all assets, foreign or domestic (i) of any individual, entity, or organization engaged in planning or perpetrating any act of domestic or international terrorism against the United States, or their property, and all assets, foreign or domestic, affording any person a source of influence over any such entity or organization or (ii) acquired or maintained by any person with the intent and for the purpose of supporting, planning, conducting, or concealing an act of domestic or international terrorism against the United States, citizens or residents of the United States or their property or (iii) derived from, involved in, or used or intended to be used to commit any act of domestic or international terrorism against the United States, citizens or residents of the United States, or their property.

This language is broad enough to authorize the government to seize any assets of any individuals involved in the Vieques Island protests or of any organization supporting the protests of which the person is a member, or from any individuals who were supporting the protesters in any way. Possible supporters of the protesters could include student organizations that sponsored participation in the demonstration, the Rainbow/Push Coalition, the Rev. Sharpton's National Action Network, and religious or community organizations that provided housing or food to the protesters.

The civil asset forfeiture power of the United States government is awesome. The government can seize and/or freeze the assets on the mere assertion that there is probable cause to believe that the assets were involved in domestic terrorism. The assets are seized before a person is given a hearing, and often without notice. In order to permanently forfeit the assets, the government must go before a court, but at a civil hearing, and the government is only required to prove that the assets were involved in terrorism by a preponderance of the evidence. Because it is a civil proceeding, a person is not entitled to be represented by an attorney at public expense if they cannot afford to pay an attorney. The time between seizure and forfeiture can sometimes be months; meanwhile, organizations or individuals whose assets are seized are forced to make do without the assets. Only the most financially flush non-profit organizations would be able to successfully defend themselves against government forfeiture. In short, without the full due process afforded in criminal cases, the U.S. government can bankrupt political organizations it asserts are involved in domestic terrorism.

Disclosure of educational records - Sec. 507: This provision of the USA PATRIOT Act requires a judge to issue an order permitting the government to obtain private educational records if the Attorney General or his designee certifies that the records are necessary for investigating domestic or international terrorism. No independent judicial finding is required to verify that the records are relevant. This means that the Attorney General may obtain the private educational records of a student involved in the Vieques protests by asserting that the records are relevant to a domestic terrorism investigation. These records may include information such as a student's grades, private medical information (counseling, abortions), which organizations the student belonged to, or any other information that the educational institution collects about its students.

Disclosure of information from National Education Statistics Act - Sec. 508: This provision of the USA PATRIOT Act requires a judge to issue an order for the government to obtain educational records that have been collected pursuant to the National Education Statistics Act. NESA includes a vast amount of identifiable student information from academic performance to health information, family income, and race. Until now, this information has been held to strict confidentiality requirements without exception. Again, all the government needs to certify is that the information is relevant to a terrorism investigation and the court has no choice but to issue the order.

Single-Jurisdiction Search Warrants (Sec. 219): This section of the USA PATRIOT Act amends Rule 41(a) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure to authorize the government to go before a singe Federal magistrate judge in any judicial district in which activities relating to the terrorism may have occurred, to obtain a warrant to search property or a person within or outside the district. This means that the government could go to a single judge to get a warrant to search the property or person of the Vieques activists in New York, Chicago, California, or wherever else the protesters were from. If the government chose to go before a magistrate in New York, a person in California, who wished to seek to have the warrant quashed because he or she believed it was invalid, would have to find a way to appear before the New York court that issued the warrant. This would be a daunting task for most.

Post-PATRIOT Act Laws

Since passage of the PATRIOT Act, two other new laws have passed that implicate domestic terrorism.

Taxpayer Information - 26 U.S.C.A. Sec. 6103(i)(3)(C) requires the Secretary of the Internal Revenue Service to provide taxpayer information to the appropriate Federal law enforcement agency responsible for investigating or responding to the terrorist incident. If abused, this provision could be used by law enforcement to gain access to confidential taxpayer information of political protesters.

Regulation of biological agents and toxins - 42 U.S.C.A. Sec. 262a and 7 U.S.C.A. Sec. 8401 regulate biological agents and toxins. If a person is involved with an organization that engages in domestic or international terrorism, he or she is not permitted to gain access to these regulated agents. Under the law, the Attorney General identifies individuals involved in "terrorism" to the Department of Agriculture. Once the person is listed, he or she cannot get access to any of the regulated agents or toxins. This provision will probably not impact most people, however, it might impact someone such as a scientist who might regularly use biological agents or toxins in their work.

Conclusion - The ACLU does not oppose criminal prosecution of people who violate the law, even if they are doing it for political purposes. However, we do oppose the broad definition of terrorism and the ensuing authority that flows from that definition. One way to ensure that the conduct that falls within the definition of domestic terrorism is in fact terrorism is to limit the scope of the conduct that triggers the definition. Thus, domestic terrorism could include acts which "cause serious physical injury or death" rather than all acts that are "dangerous to human life." This more narrow definition will exclude the conduct of organizations and individuals that engage in minor acts of property damage or violence.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
How the USA PATRIOT Act redefines "Domestic Terrorism"

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Section 802 of the USA PATRIOT Act (Pub. L. No. 107-52) expanded the definition of terrorism to cover ""domestic,"" as opposed to international, terrorism.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Checking if the site connection is secure

# data[].attributes.body
Erik Frein shot up a police barracks in Pennsylvania in September of 2014 and led the law enforcement and military personal on a 48 day manhunt finally being captured at a abandoned airport in the Poconos

# data[].attributes.headline
9/11 survivor tell his story about what happened on that day.( video #1)

# data[].attributes.subject
9/11 survivor tell his story about what happened on that day.( video #1)

# data[].attributes.body
first Responders to the sandy hook school shooting

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
The Threat of Islamic Radicalization Has Been Exaggerated

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
It should come as no surprise that American Muslims feel unfairly singled out by these hearings. The hearings proceed from the assumption-which is contrary to systematically collected evidence-that "radicalization" is prevalent among American Muslims and poses an enormous threat to our country.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
Profiling Would Help Identify Potential Domestic Terrorists

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
The events of September 11th, 2001, a terrorist attack against "soft" targets, caused the U.S. intelligence community to seek and develop efforts to detect terrorist operations and plots as far in advance as possible in order to prevent them from taking place.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.description
Critics, however, are concerned that the USA PATRIOT Act, passed in 2001 and reauthorized in 2005 and 2011, gives the FBI too much power in investigating domestic organizations suspected of terrorism. The law allows the FBI to use surveillance, such as wiretaps and interceptions of e-mail and other electronic communications, to investigate a wide range of domestic organizations engaging in political protest.

# data[].attributes.body
A firefighter speaks out about remembering 9/11 attacks.

# data[].attributes.attachment_link.title
A New York City Firefighter Remembers 9/11 - Part 1 | Miracle Detectives | The Oprah Winfrey Network

# data[].attributes.headline
(Image #3) Fort hood shooting November, 2009.

# data[].attributes.subject
(Image #3) Fort hood shooting November, 2009.

# data[].attributes.body
In November of 2009 in Killeen, Texas a Military base had a shooting involved which killed 13 people plus 1 unborn child and injured over 30 others.

# data[].attributes.headline
Oklahoma city bombing April 1995( Image #2)

# data[].attributes.subject
Oklahoma city bombing April 1995( Image #2)

# data[].attributes.body
In April back in 1995, Timothy McVeigh, An ex- Army soldier and security guard with his friend terry Nicolas parked a Car in front of the Alfred p. Murrah Federal Building. The bombing Happend at 9:02 am and killed 168 people and injured over 680 other people. the blast knocked down other buildings in its radius and knocked out glass and parts of other buildings near it.

# data[].attributes.headline
Act of domestic terrorism on September 11, 2001(Domestic terrorism Image #1)

# data[].attributes.subject
Act of domestic terrorism on September 11, 2001(Domestic terrorism Image #1)

# data[].attributes.body
On September 11 2001 The Islamic Terrorist group Al-Qaeda hijacked 4 planes that morning. Two from United Airlines and two from American Airlines. All four planes were heading for california but were hijacked, two of the planes crashed into the north and south towers in New york city. One of the other flights crashed in the pentagon and the other crashed landed after the passengers overthrow the hijackers, In Which the plane was heading for washington dc.