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- The first inhabitants of Rwanda were the Twa who now only make up 1% of the population
- There is misconception about the Hutu and Tutsis. They had difference in occupation rather than ethnic groups.
- During World War 1, Rwanda was occupied by Belgian troops and after the war, it became a Belgian League of Nations mandate
- The tri-colored flag represents their unity, happiness, and confidence for the future

https://www.infoplease.com/world/countries/rwanda

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After the genocide many things changed to ensure that it would not happen again. A new constitution was made with new laws. Many people got arrested for their crimes but the government continued to be accused for their human rights abused. ID cards no longer exist and it is harder to separate the ethnic groups. Also, after the genocide lots of women empowerment programs were created. Thousands of families sill mourn the one they love and people still remember the lessons learned from the genocide.

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A Tutsi describes her life after she escaped and how she tried to deal with the trauma.

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Tutsi Survivor Francoise Muteteli on Rwandan Genocide

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Francoise talks about how her work at a Rwandan Genocide memorial is helping preserve the memory of the Rwandan Genocide. This is a part of the USC Shoah Foundation's Women's History Month Clip series. Francoise's testimony is preserved in the Visual History Archive.

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There is a famous story that Hutu militiamen attacked a group of school children and ordered them to divide themselves by ethnicity—Hutus on one side, Tutsi's on the other. The children refused to. So the militia killed them all.

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Rwanda was always a country that had two major ethnic groups - The Hutus and Tutsi's. Both groups lived in and ruled Rwanda, united as one race, for hundreds of years. When the Belgian colonists arrived, they chose specific people out of the population who were lighter skinned, taller, or had longer noses and had assigned them to the distinction of  Tutsi. This resulted in about 15% of the population being Tutsi, and 85% being Hutu. Under the classification system, the Tutsi, being smaller in number, felt elite, and rose to power as tribal leaders and the rich upper class. The Hutu were always more like farmers and workers in Rwandan society. This created a legitimate distinction between the two groups.
https://sites.google.com/a/moreaucatholic.org/rwandan-genocide/causes/preparation

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The Rwandan Genocide took place in the span of 100 days from April 1994-July 1994

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Dehumanization was a critical aspect in making the Rwandan genocide function. The Hutus considered the Tutsi's as  a disease that had to be eradicated which made it easier for them to kill without any compassion or remorse. This stage allows the Hutus to feel justified in what they are doing as they believe that they are cleansing their society. If dehumanization had not happened in the Rwandan genocide, there may have been less deaths. By dehumanizing the Tutsi's, the Hutus treated them as a pest that need to be eliminated.

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Rwanda is in central-east  Africa and is bordered by the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, Uganda to the north, Tanzania to the east, and Burundi to the south. KIgali is the capital of Rwanda.

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The RTLM radio played a significant role in organizing the genocides that took place. They would do this by announcing the names of the killed and to be killed to keep a tally of their murders. They signaled the Hutus when to attack on the Tutsis by broadcasting messages. As soon as the genocide grew to other parts of Rwanda, the Militia setup road blocks and checked people's identity cards. If identified as a Tutsi, they were killed immediately. Without other methods of commands, radio would not have sufficed. They used other forms of propaganda such as convincing people that this was self-defense. They even got the militia to supports the attacks against the Tutsis. Along with this, the Hutu militia group used sexual violence as a weapon in their violence against the Tutsis.
https://www.hrw.org/legacy/backgrounder/africa/rwanda0406/4.htm

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The whole Hutu and Tutsi genocide started when the president who was a Hutu died by being shot down in a plane before landing. The Hutu's wanted to rebel against the Tutsi's because they felt there was some type of discrimination from Hutu's and the Tutsi which there was. The Tutsi early on were considered superior to the Hutu's and the Tutsi accepted this as a truth the Hutu's used the presidents death as an excuse to "overthrow" the Tutsi and to do that they went to mass slaughter as means to get rid of the Tutsi's. In 100 days they killed 800,000 people. Even though there was a genocide in 1994 in Rwanda there was still tension before the genocide happened between the Hutu's and Tutsi's, the president being killed was just the beginning of the Rwandan genocide.
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13431486

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At the time, Belgian was ruling Rwanda and they favored Tutsis over Hutus.  When the Tutsis came in power over Hutus, they  took away their rights as citizens and oppressed many, creating tension that became violence even before Rwanda gained its independence.. The inequality angered Hutus and resulted to a rebellion. The Hutus distributed propaganda to convince people to side with them during this rebellion. The Hutus and Tustis were in fact the same people. They spoke the same language, practiced the same religion, and even have the same culture. But they had differences in their political stance. There were no set-laws during the time of the genocide against the certain groups of people.  The size of the nose and the color of the eyes were factors that determined whether a person was classified as Hutu, Tutsi or Twa.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/guide-to-the-zaire-crisis-the-difference-between-a-hutu-and-a-tutsi-1352558.html

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The Hutu's wanted to get rid of the Tutsi and they did this by mass slaughter. To do this they need to separate the Hutu's and Tutsi which was very hard considering how similar they looked  but Tutsi's were generally skinnier than Hutu's and they had more European features so they where separated by ethnicity. The Hutu's killed the Tutsi with weapons the government and militia wanted to kill them.

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26875506
https://www.vox.com/2014/4/10/5590646/rwandan-genocide-anniversary

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https://modernhistoryproject2012.wordpress.com/history-of-hutu-tutsi-relations/- hutu and tutsi and twahttps://borgenproject.org/the-rwandan-genocide-101/- Dead body image
http://time.com/3449593/when-the-world-turned-its-back-james-nachtweys-reflections-on-the-rwandan-genocide/- Man who got slashed with a machete
https://www.everyculture.com/No-Sa/Rwanda.html- Discrimination/ sorting crops
https://www.vox.com/2014/4/10/5590646/rwandan-genocide-anniversary- man with a machete
genocidearchiverwanda.org - Id cards
https://www.learning-history.com/civil-war-hutu-vs-tutsi-rwandan-genocide/- Kids were not spared
https://rwandaguide.info/post-details/five-volcanoes- background image
https://sites.google.com/a/moreaucatholic.org/rwandan-genocide/causes/extermination -people with weapons

http://endgenocide.org/learn/past-genocides/the-rwandan-genocide/ - Kid in front of graves

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Even kids are not spared...

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The Hutu's truly felt that the Tutsi's were inferior to them because they were the minority. There were far more Hutu's than Tutsi's which is shown in history that on both sides there was lots of tension. At first the Tutsi's were at the top than the Hutu's. The Hutu's felt some form of discrimination and the Hutu's felt the best way was to get rid of the Tutsi's all together. When people are the minority sometimes they can be thought of as inferior like the Tutsi's.

https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-26875506

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The perpetrators in the Rwandan genocide were the Hutu led government. The victims of this genocide were the Tutsi. Along with the Tutsi, another minority ethnic group called the Twa were also killed but not as much as the Tutsi. Belgian colonists were also a prominent role in the Rwandan genocide. They arrived in 1916 and considered the Tutsi's to be superior to the Hutus.

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One thing that is really scary to think about is that the UN had information that there could be a genocide. The UN found out that the Hutu's could have a genocide in 1994 but the U.S repeatedly told the UN not to get involved. The whole genocide could have been stopped all together if the UN intervened before anything bad happened. When there was mass slaughter, the UN still swept it under the rug because they were in complete denial.

https://www.vox.com/2014/4/10/5590646/rwandan-genocide-anniversary

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ID cards were mostly used to identify the Tutsi in the genocide. The ID cards had information such as their name and their ethnic group. If people saw someone with a Tutsi Id card they would be killed immediately.  In fact people would be stopped at road blocks asked to show their cards and if they were Tutsi they would be killed without hesitation. People were also killed if they fit the stereotype for how a Tutsi was supposed to look like.  For example the Tutsi were supposed to be tall and thin. However, they  speak the same language, go to the same school, eat the same food, marry and raise children together. Telling them apart was very difficult.

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The Hutus were an ethnic majority who murdered as many as 800,000 people of the Tutsi minority. The Tutsi's were previously leading over the Hutus and they took away their rights as citizens. The Hutus were angry about this and resulted into a rebellion which eventually resulted into the genocide. About 70% of the Tutsi population was killed over the span of 100 days. The genocide took place in the context of the Rwandan Civil War. The genocide was organized by members of the core Hutu political elite, many of whom occupied positions at top levels of the national government.

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Propaganda played a  huge role in the Rwandan genocide.  Rwandan radio stations such as Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines or RTLM  supported the killings of the Tutsi's. The radio station gave information on who the Tutsis were, where they were hiding,  and how to kill them. This radio station deepened the divide between the two groups because it was listened to by the general public.

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The main weapon used in the genocide were machetes.  Machetes are a long broad heavy knife. This weapon was very common in Rwandan households because it was an agriculture tool .  It was easy for people to prepare their weapons because they were already in their homes. In 1992 a $6 million contract was signed and it included It included 60-mm and 82-mm mortars, 16,000 mortar shells, 122-mm D-30 howitzers, 3,000 artillery shells, rocket-propelled grenades, plastic explosives, antipersonnel land mines, and more than three million rounds of small arms ammunition. Rwanda to get Before the genocide was officially declared there was a lot of unrest. There was constant arguing between the Hutu's and Tutsi and the Hutu militia began to grow. Some people began to justify what they were doing when they claimed that the Tutsi were not following the law, and killing was for self defense.
https://www.huffingtonpost.com/tim-gallimore/a-closer-look-at-where-rw_b_5135559.html