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Furuncles (boils) form under the skin when bacteria infect and inflame one or more hair follicles.
Boils start as red, tender lumps. These fill with pus, grow, then rupture and drain.

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Rosacea often begins with a tendency to blush or flush more easily than other people. The redness can slowly spread beyond the nose and cheeks to the forehead and chin. Even the ears, chest, and back can be red all the time. Rosacea can cause more than redness.

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Psoriasis is a chronic skin condition caused by an overactive immune system. Symptoms include flaking, inflammation, and thick, white, silvery, or red patches of skin. Psoriasis treatments include steroid creams, occlusion, light therapy and oral medications, such as biologics.

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Hematomas near the skin result in a large patch of skin discoloration (typically black and blue) that occurs after trauma to the soft tissue. A bruise develops when small blood vessels beneath the skin rupture and blood leaks into the soft tissue beneath the skin. The swelling and pain of the hematoma will go away. This takes from 1 to 4 weeks, depending on the size of the hematoma.

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An ecchymosis is a subcutaneous spot of bleeding with diameter larger than 1 centimetre (0.39 in). It is similar to (and sometimes indistinguishable from) a hematoma, commonly called a bruise, though the terms are not interchangeable in careful usage. Ecchymosis and a bruise are very similar.

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Bruises (contusions) occur when small blood vessels under the skin tear or rupture, most often from a twist, bump, or fall. Blood leaks into tissues under the skin and causes a black-and-blue colour that often turns purple, red, yellow, and green as the bruise heals. A bruise is commonly tender, and sometimes even painful for the first few days, but the pain usually goes away as the color fades.

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Albinism is a rare group of genetic disorders that cause the skin, hair, or eyes to have little or no color. Albinism is also associated with vision problems. No cure exists, but skin can be protected and eye conditions can be treated.

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Onychophagia, also know as nail biting, is an oral compulsive habit. It is sometimes described as a parafunctional activity, the common use of the mouth for an activity other than speaking, eating, or drinking. Nail biting is very common, especially amongst children.

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Onychomycosis, is a fungal infection of the nail. Symptoms may include white or yellow nail discoloration, thickening of the nail, and separation of the nail from the nail bed. Toenails or fingernails may be affected, but it is more common for toenails to be affected.

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A condition in which the corner or side of a toenail grows into the flesh. An imbalance between the size of the nail and the enlargement of the nail skin edge causes ingrown toenails. This condition can be exacerbated by improper trimming of the toenail, an inherited or hereditary condition, and improper shoe fitting.

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Alopecia, also known as spot baldness, is a condition in which hair is lost from some or all areas of the body. Often it results in a few bald spots on the scalp, each about the size of a coin. Psychological stress may result. People are generally otherwise healthy.

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Hirsutism can result from excess male hormones, called androgens. Hirsutism results in excessive amounts of stiff and pigmented hair on body areas where men typically grow hair, including the face, chest, and back.  Hair can also be removed with electrolysis or laser therapy.

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A skin wheal is a patch on the skin that is elevated, discolored, changes shape, and often itches. It can be due to an insect bite, an adverse reaction to something that touched your skin, eczema, or another small puncture wound you experienced. You may have also heard a skin wheal referred to as a 'welt' or a 'hive.'

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Verruca vulgaris. The common wart is a benign growth caused by localized infection with one of the many types of human papillomavirus. These small DNA viruses are part of the papovavirus group.The typical wart is a rough surfaced nodule that may be either lighter or darker than the surrounding skin.

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Scales occur when the outermost layer of the epidermis becomes dry and flaky and peels. The excess of dead skin cells results in the appearance of scaly skin. Scales can be very thin and fine, as with pityriasis rosea, or thick, as with psoriasis.

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Plaque psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition. It appears on the skin in patches of thick, red, scaly skin. According to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, plaque psoriasis is the most common form of psoriasis.

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A papule is an area of abnormal skin tissue that is less than 1 centimeter around. A papule has distinct borders, and it can appear in a variety of shapes. Papules are often called skin lesions, which are essentially changes in the color or texture of your skin. Sometimes, papules cluster together to form a rash.

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Lipoma or dermatofibroma are common causes of nodules on the skin. ... They are firm mobile cysts, usually skin coloured or yellow/white with a central punctum. They are usually found as a painless lump. The appearance of many nodules under the skin could indicate neurofibromatosis.

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A macule is a flat, distinct, discolored area of skin less than 1 centimeter (cm) wide. It doesn't involve any change in the thickness or texture of the skin.  They are referred to as primary lesions as they are often the first step toward identifying a disease.

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Crust: contains dried blood, serum or exudate; elevated slightly above the level of the skin; can be either large or small in area. For example, if someone scratches a mole until it bleeds, the resulting lesion, a crust, is now a secondary skin lesion. Both cause swollen, itchy skin that can ooze fluid and form crusts.

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Lesion is a term used by physicians to describe virtually any physical abnormality. A skin lesion is a part of the skin that has an abnormal growth or appearance compared to the skin around it. Some lesions may not go away without treatment.

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Sweat glands occur all over the body, but are most numerous on the forehead, the armpits, the palms and the soles of the feet. Its main function is to control body temperature. As the water in the sweat evaporates, the surface of the skin cools.

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It encourages healthy skin cell production. Vitamin A also stimulates fibroblasts—the cells responsible for developing tissue that keeps skin firm and healthy—in the deep layers of your skin. It helps to heal damaged skin and, in some cases, reduces the appearance of wrinkles.

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Keratin is the main protein in your skin. It makes up hair, nails, and the surface layer of the skin. Keratin is what forms the rigidity of your skin and helps with the barrier protection that your skin offers.

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Vitamin D contributes to skin cell growth, repair, and metabolism. It optimizes the skin's immune system and helps destroy free radicals that can cause premature aging. While the body can produce vitamin D on its own through sun exposure, too much sun accelerates skin aging.

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Collagen is the most abundant protein in the body, and gives structure to your skin. Taking collagen orally can improve skin elasticity, reduce wrinkles, and increase skin moisture. Collagen in the body is assembled from amino acids in our diet, so it is not possible for collagen in the diet to move directly into the skin

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The hypodermis is a subcutaneous fat that functions as insulation and padding for the body. The hypodermis is not part of the skin, and lies below the dermis. Its purpose is to attach the skin to underlying bone and muscle as well as supplying it with blood vessels and nerves.

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The dermis, the skin's next layer, is a thick layer of fibrous and elastic tissue (made mostly of collagen, with a little component of elastin) that gives the skin its flexibility and strength. The dermis contains nerve endings, sweat glands and oil (sebaceous) glands, hair follicles, and blood vessels. The extent of heat lost from the skin is dependent on the amount of blood flow to the dermis.

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The epidermis, the outermost layer of skin, provides a waterproof barrier and creates our skin tone. The epidermis is mostly made up of flat, scale-like cells called squamous cells.  It is mainly made up of dead cells and new cells are made in the lower layers of the epidermis.