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Acquired characteristics are passed on from one generation to the next.

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Natural Scale

Everything (both living and nonliving matter)  that exists on earth can be ranked in a scale.  As such , the notion of higher beings and lower beings was created.  If i remember correctly , Angels and Gods were also included in this scale.  Essentially , this evolutionary thought allows other entities to evolve that makes it another unrelated entity entirely

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Uniformitarianism: same geological processes are operating today as in the past and at the same rate/intensity.

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USE-DISUSE THEORY
When organisms stops using a particular body structure, the structure falls off or it vanishes or gets reduced

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There is a gap between resources and the population. Resources only increase linearly while population increases exponentially. As population increases, there are less resources available.

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Simple organisms strive to be more complex and more perfect through adaptations brought by their surroundings.

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Malthus' Theory of Population (which was defined by Gabe in the previous post above this) helped Charles Darwin analyze numerous issues that were able to formulate and contribute to Darwin's theory of natural selection, which is widely studied today and considered as an essential lesson in understanding evolution.

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Alfred Russel Wallace: He was able to develop the theory that evolution occurs by natural selection independently of Darwin. From what I recall in Ecology, I believe he was also one of the first to hypothesize that evolution occurs at the population level.

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Criticism: Presently, the Malthusian problem of population grown has long been proven wrong, as technological advancements and political policy allowed for populations to grow way beyond Malthus' projections.

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Plato: His evolutionary thought was that a Demiurge, or the creator of the World, created a perfect living and intelligent universe. The organisms way of functioning and structures were created for the purpose ultimate goodness and harmony by the Demiurge.

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If I recall correctly, Erasmus Darwin, (Charles Darwin's grandfather) heavily influenced Charles' concepts on evolution. Despite having no comprehensive explanation, Erasmus had also proposed that all living things had a common ancestor of which they had descended from--- an evolutionary thought Charles had further established decades after.

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Essentialism
Based on on Platonic philosophy, Aristotle believed in abstract, unchanging, perfect versions of all objects and beings that exist beyond the world and that the versions in the physical plane are imperfect copies, resulting in their varying differences from each other, attributing evolution to imperfection. The Natural Scale ranks beings according to this concept of perfection descending to imperfection.

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The evolution of organisms is powered by their “inner needs/wants”.

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He basically is widely known for establishing the binomial nomenclature and also as the father of taxonomy. His system of naming basically contributed to how species are further identified based on their similarities. One controversial claim that he is also known for is his stance on organisms being immutable.