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His dad, brother and his peers

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Reading and writing in a new language

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being taken out of school and sent to live back with his grandmother because he feels like he failed to intergrate properly in school by not being able to pick up on French.

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Passport and stories

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Book Reports, epic story telling.

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Her teachers, the school system, and her parents all shaped how she learned to read and write. Even though they pushed her in different ways, they all influenced her literacy.

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The main challenge Orhan faced was feeling like he belonged. Mainly, how to belong when language, living and identity do add up.

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The turning point was when Lu realized that struggling with different voices is normal. That struggle actually helped her grow as a writer instead of holding her back.

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She learned to be quiet so that she can be safe when in school or outside especially when speaking in english.

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Her parents, classmates, teachers and Western / New China society.

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struggling with a new language

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It took him being able to go and see his readers in Germany to leave Turkey again. Where he came to realize the identity crisis that can be attached to a passport.

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Books, passport

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Her biggest struggle was fear. She was scared of being wrong and started her own thoughts. Writing stopped feeling natural and started feeling scary.

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Her writing, that she was once afraid to express, became what helped her process her experiences and become an author while creating new pathways for her daughter.

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The plane landing and realizing it is just another country, not an imaginary place.

When he went back to Istanbul.

When he applied for a second passport after becoming an author.

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His father disappeared to Paris Orhan Pamuk reflects on his childhood experiences in Paris.

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He learns that there documents doesn't define who they are

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she used narrative as she explains her own personal life.

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The passport reduced his identity to observable traits, some of which were inaccurate. This showed how official documentation overwrote his personal truth he saw and felt about himself.

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Home was different. Her parents advised she should read more and think more freely. So she felt like she had two voices one for school and one for home. And that was confusing.

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studying Chinese history

Reading and Speaking Chinese

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Language and writing, which the author loved when she was younger, became sensitive and emotionally charged due to the expectations of each cultural context she was raised with.

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His parents sent him and his brother back to Istanbul.

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Realizing that this was a hard transition and having to go back to step one with going home because you couldn’t connect!

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Standard Chinese - Teachers

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she challenged herself that is only one way of learning she used her Chinese way of thinking, her English for academia and her own voice to understand her own feelings.

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His brother, teacher, and mother.

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The mother who tried to teach them French

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Shanghai Dialect - Servants

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Lu explains that school taught her to read and write in a very strict way. Writing had to follow with political rules and accepted ideas. She learned to repeat what teachers expected rather than say her real feelings.

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Unable to express her emotions when writing, accepting to follow the society standard norms just to feel belonged.

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His parents leaving without him, first his father "under mysterious circumstances", and then his mother. Difficulty with the language and feeling like this new country was his home.

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Not able to feel like he belonged in the coutry. He was always going to feel like an outsider.

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He had to accept the fact that the things they were using would never belong to them and that the land they were on would never belong to them either.

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"It was only after my homeroom teacher had "sanctified" English that I began to connect with English with my education."(438)

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His Mother attempted to teach him and his brother French at home.

Further into the story we also find out that he uses reading and writing as an escape/way to barricade himself.

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Foreign country where everything from the beggars to the traffic to the furniture were different from what he was used to.

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Reading classical Western books such as Jane Austen.

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Being able to read and speak in French was a challenge for Orhan and his brother at school, as well as feeling welcomed/like they belonged during recess.

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Expressing the challenges between living in two different worlds at home and at school.

Also, deciding whether to express emotion on her paper or follow template with the information given as it would be in agreement with the readers.

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Learning about social hierarchy from the viewpoint of New China.

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Listening to teacher to try and learn French.

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He couldn't understand French when he first started school. His mother tried to teach him but he felt he didn't understand and was an outsider looking in.

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Language Barrier: not being able to speak French 

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Language Barrier: not being able to speak French 

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Learning English