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Choose a spokesperson from your group to present your findings on your cultural exchange!

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What do you notice about this picture?

What illustration do you see on this tilework?

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Read Pg. 72 and the Blog under the resources tab, then answer the following questions:

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Read Pg. 72 and the Blog under the resources tab, then answer the following questions:

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Explain what might be the significance of the orange? How does it signify cultural exchange?

Can you think of another place that is famous for its oranges? How do you think oranges would have gotten there?

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https://sites.duke.edu/andalusia/2019/04/01/andalusian-oranges/

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Maegan Stanley

In Andalusia, orange trees were everywhere. They were most present in Cordoba and Seville, but we saw them throughout the region, although Seville itself is said to have more than 14,000 of these ornamental trees. They truly are ornamental - some of us ventured to try a fallen orange and were amazed by the fruits' unpleasant, sour flavor. After a little research, I learned that interestingly, the oranges are collected by the city when they fall to the ground to avoid them rotting, and are sold to the United Kingdom to be made into bitter orange marmalade, which is a common English breakfast condiment. On the tree they are certainly beautiful, however, and they themselves are another remnant of al-Andalus' Muslim past.

The first oranges were brought to Spain by Muslim traders around 1000 AD. They flourished in the hot climate of southern Spain, and provided ample shade in public and private courtyards, and along city streets. The oranges were exotic rarities in Europe, and their bold color added greatly to the lush, ornamental gardens that were carefully cultivated in Muslim Spain as places of retreat and reflection. These fruitful and lush gardens were made possible by Muslim advancements in irrigation during the medieval period. The Andalusian oranges and their springtime blossoms were often featured in Islamic poetry for their beauty and lovely smell, which was often made into perfumes.

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Maegan Stanley In Andalusia, orange trees were everywhere. They were most present in Cordoba and Seville, but we saw them throughout the region, although Seville itself is said to have more than 14,000 of these ornamental trees. They truly are ornamental - some of us ventured to try a fallen orange and were amazed by the fruits' unpleasant, sour flavor.

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Citrus or maybe wheels

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I see oranges on the tilework

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I noticed that the circles on the tile-work look like a citrus fruit such as oranges or grapefruit all connected by brown "beads". The pattern of the circles and beads are repeated throughout the art work, with one central circle in the middle.

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The oranges were mentioned in Islamic poetry. These were brought to North Africa in the Umayyad times.

Florida is also famous for their oranges. I think they got here by travelers much like they did in the Umayyad times.

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I notice, that theirs lot's of colour on this tile. It looks like orange slices that are connected together by little round circles. This pattern is repeated several times around the circle.

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The significance of the orange is to symbolize the history of how oranges spread to European lands from other regions and the origins of citrus fruit to Southeast Asia, spreading from the west. This bitter fruit was also used primarily for medicinal purposes at the time. Spain is also famous for their oranges which would have gotten there just like how oranges were brought to other regions widespread in the Umayyad times.

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1) I feel that this orange signifies the spread of going to different lands. For example from Southeast Asia to Greece. I think that it signifies cultural exchange because these same fruit has different names. For example limu to limón. Showing that we all have the same fruit, but how we say it is different.
2) Two other places that are famous for their oranges is Spain and Portugal, and they got their oranges from Southeast Asia. This shows that foods and information can travel to different places.

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I see what looks to be citrus fruits, in a repeating circular pattern, which is a pattern traditionally used during the Islamic golden age.

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The orange travelled from parts of south east Asia and moved all the way to Europe

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At first it looks like some beads but looking at the close-up it looks like citrus fruits, like a halved orange.

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lots of citrus and lots of circles

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1. There is a pattern within the design (circle, dash, circle, dash..). Additionally, there are multiple rings that are configured as a spiral

2. it reminds me of a seashell, a rug, a coaster, a bunch or citrus fruit, a wheel and a lollipop

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the orange was a fruit that spread to European lands and other places. they are significant because they symbolize other things such as knowledge that spread to Europe and other lands.

brazil is famous for oranges. it was introduced to them by the portugees.

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The orange, I think, signifies how much trading and sharing happened at the time, how oranges from India went to Persia and Arabia and finally, Europe. this shows how much people were talking and interacting that information traveled all over Asia, Europe, and even Africa.

I have always thought of oranges coming from Pakistan, especially the sweet ones we call 'keenu'. They probably got there through a similar way but probably before it even got to Persia.