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As a response to the Triple Alliance among Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, France seeked security from a potential German offensive. Britain and France settled on colonial issues, namely that Egypt is under the control of England, and Morocco is controlled by the French. While the Entente Cordiale was not a declaration of alliance, the agreements put an end to the long history of conflicts and rivalry between the two countries.

Germany tried to weaken the relationship of the two countries by generating conflict in Morocco, but Britain defended France during the crisis, thus bringing the two countries closer and deepening the tension between them and the Triple Alliance

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Britain and Russia settled their disputes over Central Asia, preventing the building of a railroad between Berlin and Baghdad. This agreement led to the formation of the Triple Entente of Britain, France and Russia.

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The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, 28 June 1914

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The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, 28 June 1914

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While on a visit in Sarajevo, Bosnia, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir to the Austro-Hungarian throne, was shot and killed. The group of militants attacked him in order to free the South Slav provinces belonging to the Austro-Hungarian Empire.

As an answer, the Monarchy sent an ultimatum to Serbia, which they couldn't accept. Both sides started mobilising, and Russia also prepared to defend Serbia. Soon enough Germany joined the war as well, and the tension between them and France quickly began to grow.

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Britain declares war on Germany, 4 August, 1914

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Britain declares war on Germany, 4 August, 1914

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On the 2nd of August, Germany occupied Luxembourg, which was followed by declaring war against the French. On the 4th, Germany invaded Belgium, and thereby violated the Treaty of London. For this reason, Britain demanded Germany respect the Treaty, but to no avail, and so Britain entered the war.

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The battle of the frontiers, 7 August - 13 September 1914

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The battle of the frontiers, 7 August - 13 September 1914

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The plan of Germany was to quickly invade France, enabling them to focus on the western front. In order to reach Paris, German forces attempted to flank the French army and the British Expeditionary Forces from North. While the German troops took control of a significant part of Northern France, their progress was slowed down by the Allied forces, enabling them to protect the French capital.

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The race to the sea, 17 September – 19 October 1914

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The race to the sea, 17 September – 19 October 1914

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In an attempt to flank the enemy, both sides raced towards the Northern Sea, leaving a long line of trenches from Alsace to the sea. This established a trench warfare, making it nearly impossible for either side to capture and keep enemy territories.

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Submarines were a new invention introduced to the war, wich the Germans used to intercept shipments from America to England. The German submarines were tasked with attacking any merchant ship without warning.

Lusitania was a cross-atlantic ship carrying military equipment, as well as civilians. This gave a reason for the Germans to sink the ship. However, the death of 128 U.S. citizens resulted in an outcry in the United States, bringing them closer to joining the war.

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A significant battle of the western front was the Battle of Verdun. The exhausting battle lasted from February to December, leaving at least 700 000 people dead. The initial German advancements were taken back later on, returning to the original status quo. The French suffered more casualties, but the battle took a toll on both countries.

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The naval forces also had an important part to play in the war. The main fleets of Britain and Germany clashed at the battle of Jutland. The British came out victorious, and thus they were able to control the sea, blocking most of the German ships from leaving their ports

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The Russian revolution led to a turn of events: the bolshevik rule wanted to get out of the war as quick as possible.

The Russian workers and peasants were dissatisfied with their conditions and the war, and demanded an end to Tsar Nicholas II's rule and his autocratic system. In the centre of the movement were the bolsheviks, led by Lenin. After the revolution, their demands for peace have been achieved, as Russia signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk in March 1918, a peace treaty between Russia and the Central Powers.

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The United States enters the war, 6 April 1917

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The United States enters the war, 6 April 1917

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For the most part, the US wanted to stay out of the war, although they were an important supplier of military equipment for the Allied forces. After the sinking of Lusitania, Wilson didn't enter the war, as he wanted to put an end to it. He demanded that Germany ceased to destroy ships carrying civilians, which the Germans agreed to.

However, in 1917, the German leadership declared an unrestricted submarine warfare, allowing their U-Boats to target any ship, be it civilian or not, in order to starve Britain. This gave a casus belli for Wilson to join the war, and soon enough, 10 000 soldiers arrived at the French shores every day.

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In the spring of 1918, the Germans achieved significant successes at the western front in a short amount of time. However, they couldn't keep their gains, and were pushed back to their original positions. Anti-war sentiments were on a rise and morale was strongly declining among German citizens and soldiers.

Following the strikes of the Allied forces, the German leadership realised that the war is lost. Meanwhile, a revolution broke out in Germany, resulting in the abdication of Wilhelm II and the surrender of Germany.

The Weimar republic was formed, and the Central Powers and their allies capitulated or asked for armistices.

What followed was a series of peace treaties, that failed to resolve the national or ethnic conflicts of the participants, and contributed to the events leading up to the second World War.