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June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated

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June 28, 1914: Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated

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Archduke Franz Ferdinand the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary was assassinated by a Bosnian Serb in Sarajevo. Marks the start of the July Crisis

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July 28, 1914: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia 

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July 28, 1914: Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia 

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Following the July Crisis, Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia. This declaration marks the official beginning of WW1

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August 2-9, 1914: The War Begins On The Western Front

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August 2-9, 1914: The War Begins On The Western Front

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Germany invades neutral Luxembourg and Belgium which causes neutral France and Britain to declare war on Germany. France invades Alsace in retaliation and Britain sends troops as support.

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August 2-9: The War on the Eastern Front

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August 2-9: The War on the Eastern Front

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- Montenegro declares war on Austria-Hungary
- Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia
- Montenegro declares war on Germany

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- Secret Alliance between the German and Ottoman Empires.

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August 10, 1914: Austria-Hungary invades Russia

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August 10, 1914: Austria-Hungary invades Russia

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Russia sides with Serbia because she wants to have control in the Balkans. This causes Austria Hungary to formally declare war and take military action by invading Russia.

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September 9, 1914: The German advance is halted.

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September 9, 1914: The German advance is halted.

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French infantry await an attack during the Battle of the Marne. The Germans' triumphant advance through France was halted, and they were pushed back to the Aisne River.

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February 18-21, 1915: German Naval Blockade of Britain

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February 18-21, 1915: German Naval Blockade of Britain

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The first German U-Boat campaign of the war begins with unrestricted attacks against merchant and passenger ships in the waters around the British Isles. After three days of fighting, with over 11,000 casualties, the British offensive is suspended. The Germans suffer over 10,000 casualties.

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Russian soldiers pictured in the former Armenian village of Sheykhalan near Mush, 1915

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April 24, 1915: Start Of Armenian Genocide

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April 24, 1915: Start Of Armenian Genocide

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On April 25, 1915, a week after Anglo-French naval attacks on the Dardanelles end in dismal failure, the Allies launch a large-scale land invasion of the Gallipoli Peninsula, the Turkish-controlled land mass.

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The RMS Lusitania was a UK-registered ocean liner that was torpedoed by an Imperial German Navy U-boat. A total of 1,198 people died, including 128 Americans. Americans sympathized with the Allies & worried about the safety of U.S. ships.

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In light of the sinking of the Lusitania the US government severes diplomatic ties with the Germans declaring war on April 6th.

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September 26, 1918:  The Final Offensive 

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September 26, 1918:  The Final Offensive 

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The Meuse–Argonne offensive was a major part of the final Allied offensive of World War I that stretched along the entire Western Front. It was fought from September 26, 1918, until the Armistice of November 11, 1918, a total of 47 days.

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January 8, 1918: Woodrow Wilson outlines his 14 points to Congress

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January 8, 1918: Woodrow Wilson outlines his 14 points to Congress

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In this January 8, 1918, address to Congress, President Woodrow Wilson proposed a 14-point program for world peace. These points were later taken as the basis for peace negotiations at the end of the war.

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March 3, 1918: Russia signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

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March 3, 1918: Russia signs the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

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After 3 months of negotiation with the Central Powers the new  Communist government under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin signs an armistice with the Central Powers. Indoing so Russia recognized the independence of Ukraine, Georgia and Finland; gave up Poland and the Baltic states of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia to Germany and Austria-Hungary; and ceded Kars, Ardahan and Batum to Turkey. The total losses constituted some 1 million square miles of Russia’s former territory; a third of its population or around 55 million people; a majority of its coal, oil and iron stores; and much of its industry.

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On the 11th hour of the 11th day of the 11th month, Germany signed the Armistice, ending World War I.

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February 14, 1919: Draft of the League of Nations is completed

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February 14, 1919: Draft of the League of Nations is completed

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The League of Nations is designed to be a peacekeeping organization following the events of WW1 to mediate conflicts between countries without war breaking out.

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June 28, 1919-January 10, 1920: Treaty of Versailles

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June 28, 1919-January 10, 1920: Treaty of Versailles

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On June 28, Allied and German representatives sign treaty of Versailles. The United States signs a treaty of guaranty, pledging to defend France in case of an unprovoked attack by Germany. Finally, on January 10th the Treaty of Versailles takes effect.

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January 30, 1933: Hitler Becomes Chancellor of Germany

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January 30, 1933: Hitler Becomes Chancellor of Germany

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Adolf Hitler is elected chancellor of Germany as head of the Nazi Party.

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Sep 18, 1931 – Feb 27, 1932: Invasion Of Manchuria

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Sep 18, 1931 – Feb 27, 1932: Invasion Of Manchuria

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During 1931 Japan had invaded Manchuria without declarations of war, breaching the rules of the League of Nations. Japan had a highly developed industry, but the land was scarce of natural resources. Japan turned to Manchuria for oil, rubber and lumber in order to make up for the lack of resources in Japan.

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The Anschluss was the political union of Austria with Germany, achieved through annexation by Adolf Hitler.

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The Munich Agreement was a settlement reached by Germany, Great Britain, France, and Italy that permitted German annexation of the Sudetenland, in western Czechoslovakia as long as Hitler promised to stop expanding the German borders.

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March 1939: Hitler invades Czechoslovakia

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March 1939: Hitler invades Czechoslovakia

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Hitler invades Czechoslovakia unopposed by the other world powers. Other world powers allow him to invade hoping that eventually he will stop without them having to start another world war (appeasement).

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World War II began in Europe on September 1, 1939, when Germany invaded Poland. Great Britain and France responded by declaring war on Germany on September 3.

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April-May, 1940: Invasions of Denmark and Norway

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April-May, 1940: Invasions of Denmark and Norway

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Between May 10 and June 22, 1940, a German assault on northwest Europe, known as the Battle of France, resulted in the fall of not only France but three other countries – Luxembourg, the Netherlands and Belgium, to the Nazi Empire

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The Tripartite Pact, also known as the Berlin Pact, was an agreement between Germany, Italy, and Japan signed in Berlin on 27 September 1940 leading to the integration of the military aims of Germany and its two treaty-bound allies.

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Apr 6 – 18, 1941: Invasion of Yugoslavia

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Apr 6 – 18, 1941: Invasion of Yugoslavia

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On 6 April 1941, the German Army, supported by Hungarian and Bulgarian forces, attacked Yugoslavia and Greece. Hitler launched the assault in order to overthrow the recently established pro-Allied government in Yugoslavia and to support the stalling Italian invasion of Greece.

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Operation Barbarossa, was the code name for the invasion of the Soviet Union by Nazi Germany and some of its Axis allies, which started on Sunday, 22 June 1941.

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Japan launches a surprise attack on Pearl Harbour forcing the US into the war on the side of the allied forces.

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February 7-15, 1942: Battle of Singapore

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February 7-15, 1942: Battle of Singapore

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The Battle of Singapore, also known as the Fall of Singapore, was fought in the southeast Asian theater of the Pacific War when the Empire of Japan captured the British stronghold of Singapore—nicknamed the "Gibraltar of the East"

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The U.S. Navy's decisive victory in the air-sea battle and its successful defense of the major base located at Midway Island dashed Japan's hopes of neutralizing the United States as a naval power and effectively turned the tide of World War II in the Pacific.

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Fought near the western frontier of Egypt between October  23 and November 4 1942, El Alamein was the climax and turning point of the North African campaign of World War 2. The Axis army of Italy and Germany suffered a decisive defeat by the British.

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Battle of Stalingrad was the successful Soviet defense of the city of Stalingrad. It stopped the German advance into the Soviet Union and marked the turning of the tide of war in favor of the Allies.

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July 9 - September 3, 1943: Fall of Facist Italy

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July 9 - September 3, 1943: Fall of Facist Italy

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On July 9th The Allied invasion of Sicily took place, in which the Allies took the island of Sicily from the Axis powers. It began with a large amphibious and airborne operation, followed by a six-week land campaign, and initiated the Italian Campaign. Eventually leading to the occupation of Sicily and on September 3 the entirety of Italy fell to the Allies.

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November 28 - December 1, 1943: Tehran Conference

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November 28 - December 1, 1943: Tehran Conference

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The Tehran Conference was the first World War II conference of the “Big Three” Allied leaders. Although the leaders arrived with differing objectives, the main outcome of the Tehran Conference was the Western Allies' commitment to open a second front against Nazi Germany, including an invasion on France.

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Operation Overlord, D-Day, was the codename for the Battle of Normandy, the Allied operation that launched the successful invasion of German-occupied Western Europe during World War II. The operation was launched on June 6 with the Normandy Landings eventually leading to the liberation of Paris on August 25, 1944.

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December 16, 1944 - January 25, 1945: Battle of the Bulge

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December 16, 1944 - January 25, 1945: Battle of the Bulge

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The Battle of the Bulge, also known as the Ardennes Counteroffensive, was the las major German offensive campaign on the Western Front ending in a significant defeat.

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April 15 – May 2, 1945: Battle of Berlin

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April 15 – May 2, 1945: Battle of Berlin

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The Battle of Berlin, designated as the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation by the Soviet Union, and also known as the Fall of Berlin, was one of the last major offensives of the European theatre of World War II.

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May 8, 1945: End of the Battle of the Atlantic

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May 8, 1945: End of the Battle of the Atlantic

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The Battle of the Atlantic was the struggle between the Allied and German forces for control of the Atlantic Ocean. The Allies needed to keep the vital flow of men and supplies going between North America and Europe, where they could be used in the fighting, while the Germans wanted to cut these supply lines. To do this, German submarines, called U-boats, and other warships prowled the Atlantic Ocean sinking Allied transport ships.

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April 30 - May 7, 1945: End Of The Nazi Empire

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April 30 - May 7, 1945: End Of The Nazi Empire

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On April 30, Hitler holed up in a bunker under his headquarters in Berlin, commits suicide by swallowing a cyanide capsule and shooting himself in the head. Soon after, (May 7) Germany unconditionally surrendered to the Allied forces, ending Hitler's dreams of a “1,000-year” Reich and the war in Europe.

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August 6-14, 1945: Fall of Japan and end of WW2

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August 6-14, 1945: Fall of Japan and end of WW2

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The United States detonated two nuclear weapons over the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki on 6 and 9 August 1945, respectively. After the bombings, on August 14, 1945, Japan surrendered unconditionally to the Allies, effectively ending World War II.