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The son of the Portuguese king declared independence from Portugal and crowned himself king of Brazil. The official breaking of ties occurred on September 22, 1822, when Pedro wrote a letter to his father, João VI. On October 12, 1822, Prince Pedro was claimed Dom Pedro I, Constitutional Emperor and Perpetual Defender of Brazil.

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Slavery in Brazil was abolished in 1888. Around 4 million slaves were set free. Brazil was the last country in the Western world to abolish slavery. Around 40% of slaves were brought to the Americas.

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Brazil joined allies in world war 1. They declared war on Germany as a result of their unrestricted submarine warfare. Brazil barely supported the war due to there poor transportation, they couldn't send men or supplies. Brazil called for help form allies because of there unsteadiness.

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A new state is established and Getulio Vargas becomes a dictator. Vargas used this Communist menace to declare a national emergency and to gain powers for autocratic rule. He used to rule as a constitutional ruler but in 1937 he decided to rule Brazil as a dictatorship.

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President Vargas commits suicide after the military gives him the options of resigning or being overthrown. He is no longer president and Brazil is no longer a dictatorship. Most Citizens were thrilled and were ready to get back on track.

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Janio Quadros elected president, but resigns after several months, plunging the country into constitutional crisis. Then, vice-president, Joao Goulart takes over. Goulart doesn't help the constitutional crisis and resigns. (picture is of Joao Goulart)

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General Ernesto Geisel becomes president, introduces reforms which allow limited political activity and elections. Brazil was able to maintain a high growth rate. Also they raised their foreign debt.

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Tancredo Neves was chosen as first civilian president in 21 years under military-run electoral college but dies before he can be inaugurated. His vice-president Jose Sarney becomes president and struggles to deal with hyperinflation. Hyperinflation was caused by political turmoil and the constitutional crisis earlier on.

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A new constitution reduces presidential powers. It took two years to write it from scratch. This constitution gave the people more say in there rights and freedoms Which helped Brazil in the long run.

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Fernando Henrique Cardoso was elected president after helping to bring inflation under control as finance minister. He distributed land among the poor, but caused controversy over allowing indigenous land claims to be challenged. He was still a good president that brazil seemed to love because he got re-elected later on.