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Emb.gov.ph. 2022. [online] Available at: <https://emb.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/National-Solid-Waste-Management-Status-Report-2008-2018.pdf>.

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Illegal mining occurs when mining is done without the authorization of the government, such as when there are no land rights, mining licenses, or exploration or mineral transportation permits. The absence of documentation, permissions, or authority in the conduct of mining operations, as well as the transportation of minerals, mineral products, and byproducts, shall be deemed prima facie evidence of illicit mining.

To solve this, there should be an identification and protect areas most susceptible to illegal mining activities because illegal mining usually takes place in abandoned shafts or improperly closed mines, governments can take interim and long-term steps to manage these sites and organize long-term monitoring systems. Areas near abandoned and closed mines can be labeled as 'high risk zones,' with access limited as a result. The regulatory controls on mine closures should also be strict and tighten, to combat illegal mining, governments must ensure that all mines are properly closed and secured. Governments must require mining corporations to disclose mine closure plans before obtaining licenses, in addition to financial guarantees. Contractual language can be used to encourage these efforts, with corporations facing severe fines if they fail to protect their closed mines. Another is to Create a task group to combat illegal mining and human trafficking. Illegal miners not only work without a permit and on abandoned and closed mine sites, but they also trespass on active mines. The formation of a well-trained, mining-focused task force will help to enforce the unlawful mining prohibition and protect license holders whose mining territories are being invaded. We should also
Monitor and regulate small-scale miners. Local mining cooperatives should be supported and artisanal miners should be given a way to properly register with government institutions. The cooperatives provide as a conduit for small-scale miners to receive the essential skills training, which includes, but is not limited to, education on the negative effects of irresponsible mining on health, safety, and the environment. The government can better monitor and oversee mining practices and operations by allowing local mining cooperatives to operate through this channel. Lastly,
Create alternative employment opportunities because providing economic alternatives to rural communities is a long-term approach to avoid local residents being compelled to engage in illicit mining techniques. Non-mining economic growth creates alternative employment alternatives in rural areas and encourages labor mobility away from illegal mining.

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S U S T A I N A B L E _ D E V E L O P M E N T

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S U S T A I N A B L E _ D E V E L O P M E N T

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Located in the northcentral part of Luzon in Region 2. It is surrounded by notable mountain ranges such as the Sierra Madre on the east, Caraballo on the south, and Cordillera on the west. The province has several principal rivers: Magat, Matuno, Marang, Sta. Fe, and Sta. Cruz. All these rivers are tributaries of the Magat River which flows into the Cagayan River. The province is bounded on the north and northeast by the province of Ifugao and Isabela, on the east and southeast by Qurino and Aurora, on the south by Nueva Ecija, and on the west by Benguet and Pangasinan.

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SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

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SDG 12: Responsible Consumption and Production

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BAYOMBONG, Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines – Despite the fact that Republic Act 9003, or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act, was passed ten years ago, 95 percent of local government units (LGUs) in Cagayan Valley have yet to implement it. Only five of the 93 LGUs in the region have complied with RA 9003, particularly on the development of sanitary landfills, according to the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR).

Having many garbage bins for waste disposal violates the objective of good waste management. To remedy this issue, all LGUs should provide separated garbage containers and use color codes to make segregated bins easier to identify. The three color designations are familiar to us: yellow for non-biodegradable, red for recyclable, and green for biodegradable. However, not everyone is familiar with the phrases used on garbage cans. To avoid confusion and waste mixing for segregation, print out the word and include examples of common wastes with graphics.

Waste segregation and collection for biodegradable and recyclable wastes will be done at the barangay level, whilst disposal and collection of non-recyclable/residual and special wastes would be handled by the city or municipality. 1) door-to-door – where waste materials are collected in every house within a targeted collection area to recover recyclables for sale to junkshops and biodegradables for use as animal feeds or composting, and 2) block or communal – which uses MRFs in barangays within or near the targeted collection area. It should also be implemented that there would be an appropriate and acceptable fine which will be use to improve and further add more segregation bins to the province.

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The Province of Nueva Vizcaya  is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Bayombong. It is bordered by Benguet to the west, Ifugao to the north, Isabela to the northeast, Quirino to the east, Aurora to the southeast, Nueva Ecija to the south, and Pangasinan to the southwest. Quirino province was created from Nueva Vizcaya in 1966. The population of Nueva Vizcaya in the 2020 census was 497,432 people, with a density of 130 inhabitants per square kilometer or 340 inhabitants per square mile.

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Agriculture is the main industry in the province, with rice, corn, fruits, and vegetables as key crops. Nueva Vizcaya produces the majority of the country's citrus crops, primarily pomelo, ponkan, and oranges. Bambang's Nueva Vizcaya Agricultural Terminal meets the needs of neighboring provinces as well as Metro Manila. Fresh oranges and mangoes are currently two of the most popular crops exported to Asian countries. In addition, the region produces high-quality onions and vegetables, which are frequently marketed in Metro Manila. Palay and corn are the main crops. Root crops, vegetables, and fruits are minor crops.