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How humans use energy contributes to awareness and care of the planet

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How the world works

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Types of energy

Different uses of energy.

Alternative energy and their benefits for the environment

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Self-management skills
Social siklls
Communication skills
Research skills

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Balance: We chose balance because if we are not balanced with the energy, it will be bad for the environment.​

Communicators: We have to be communicators because we are working on this project to tell other people about the energy.​

Reflective: Because we have to reflect on how all the different types of energy and how do they affect the environment.​

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Alternative is also called renewable energy, it is all the energy that is generated from objects that doesn't harm earth's natural resources and nether the environment, for example: Wind energy, solar energy, hydraulic energy, nuclear energy...

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Renewable energy, also called alternative energy, usable energy derived from replenishable sources such as the Sun ( solar energy), wind ( wind power), rivers ( hydroelectric power), hot springs ( geothermal energy), tides ( tidal power), and biomass ( biofuels).

At the beginning of the 21st century, about 80 percent of the world's energy supply was derived from fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Fossil fuels are finite resources; most estimates suggest that the proven reserves of oil are large enough to meet global demand at least until the middle of the 21st century. Fossil fuel combustion has a number of negative environmental consequences. Fossil-fueled power plants emit air pollutants such as sulfur dioxide, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and toxic chemicals (heavy metals: mercury, chromium, and arsenic), and mobile sources, such as fossil-fueled vehicles, emit nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and particulate matter. Exposure to these pollutants can cause heart disease, asthma, and other human health problems. In addition, emissions from fossil fuel combustion are responsible for acid rain, which has led to the acidification of many lakes and consequent damage to aquatic life, leaf damage in many forests, and the production of smog in or near many urban areas. Furthermore, the burning of fossil fuels releases carbon dioxide (CO ₂), one of the main greenhouse gases that cause global warming.

In contrast, renewable energy sources accounted for nearly 20 percent of global energy consumption at the beginning of the 21st century, largely from traditional uses of biomass such as wood for heating and cooking. By 2015 about 16 percent of the world's total electricity came from large hydroelectric power plants, whereas other types of renewable energy (such as solar, wind, and geothermal) accounted for 6 percent of total electricity generation. Some energy analysts consider nuclear power to be a form of renewable energy because of its low carbon emissions; nuclear power generated 10.6 percent of the world's electricity in 2015.

Growth in wind power exceeded 20 percent and photovoltaics grew at 30 percent annually in the 1990s, and renewable energy technologies continued to expand throughout the early 21st century. Between 2001 and 2017 world total installed wind power capacity increased by a factor of 22, growing from 23,900 to 539,581 megawatts. Photovoltaic capacity also expanded, increasing by 50 percent in 2016 alone. The European Union (EU), which produced an estimated 6.38 percent of its energy from renewable sources in 2005, adopted a goal in 2007 to raise that figure to 20 percent by 2020. By 2016 some 17 percent of the EU's energy came from renewable sources. The goal also included plans to cut emissions of carbon dioxide by 20 percent and to ensure that 10 percent of all fuel consumption comes from biofuels. The EU was well on its way to achieving those targets by 2017. Between 1990 and 2016 the countries of the EU reduced carbon emissions by 23 percent and increased biofuel production to 5.5 percent of all fuels consumed in the region. In the United States numerous states have responded to concerns over climate change and reliance on imported fossil fuels by setting goals to increase renewable energy over time. For example, California required its major utility companies to produce 20 percent of their electricity from renewable sources by 2010, and by the end of that year California utilities were within 1 percent of the goal. In 2008 California increased this requirement to 33 percent by 2020, and in 2017 the state further increased its renewable-use target to 50 percent by 2030.

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renewable energy | Types, Advantages, & Facts

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Renewable energy, usable energy derived from replenishable sources such as the Sun (solar energy), wind (wind power), rivers (hydroelectric power), hot springs (geothermal energy), tides (tidal power), and biomass (biofuels). Several forms have become price competitive with energy derived from fossil fuels.

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What is the difference of alternative energy and clean energy?

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What is the difference of alternative energy and clean energy?

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Alternative is all the energies that can replenish them selves or it has an immense amount of the substance that it is made of, while, clean energy are all the energies that doesn't have carbon issues.

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The following is a contributed article by Jennifer T. Gordon, Deputy Director of the Atlantic Council's Global Energy Center and Lee Beck, Senior Advisor for Advocacy and Communications at the Global CCS Institute.

In the wake of several major climate reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the U.S. Government, climate change has taken center stage in American political discourse, encapsulated by - but in no way limited to - the Green New Deal. Many of the proposed plans for confronting the climate crisis stress the imperative of decreasing emissions by transitioning to 100% "clean" or "renewable" sources of energy.

The terms "clean" and "renewable" are often thought to be interchangeable, especially when used in highly engaged and passionate public debates, while at other times authors simply use them without providing clear definitions. However, what seems like a small wording issue can have wide-ranging consequences for the policies and financing that support decarbonization - and ultimately the success of our decarbonization efforts.

Renewable energy is derived from sources that can naturally replenish themselves - wind and sun are the two most obvious examples - while clean energy encompasses all zero-carbon energy sources.

The clean energy or zero-carbon energy tent is wider; it not only leaves the door open to 100% renewables, but it also includes nuclear energy and the carbon-neutralizing impact of technologies like carbon capture and sequestration (CCS).

Carbon capture is a suite of technologies used to decarbonize emissions-producing sources of energy as well industrial processes like steel production, where electrification has its limits. This, in turn, can lower the life-cycle carbon footprint of solar and wind power.

Hydrogen can be renewable if it is produced through electrolysis using renewables and water, or it can be produced from natural gas, coal, biomass and oil; in the latter cases - and if utilized with CCS - hydrogen becomes a zero-carbon energy source.

Clean energy concerns

Critics have pointed to a host of issues with some forms of clean energy; namely, questions abound regarding slow deployment of carbon capture technologies at a commercial level. Additionally, nuclear energy raises a number of concerns, from spent fuel storage and safety to non-proliferation.

However, the enormity of the climate crisis is great enough that that there may no longer be time to choose preferred decarbonization technologies. In light of mounting evidence of climate change, climate advocates - including many environmentalist organizations - are rallying behind the idea of a comprehensive approach to clean energy.

The differences between clean and renewable energy can have meaningful policy impacts, particularly on the ability to reduce overall emissions and energy security, and they can also have massive financial implications for global energy markets.

In the U.S., 38 states as well as the District of Columbia have some type of renewable portfolio standard (RPS), an effective policy mechanism that has driven renewable energy deployment at the state level. These plans vary between states, with some adhering strictly to renewable energy, even as others include clean energy resources.

If the standard includes other sources of clean energy, especially nuclear power to varying degrees, it can also be referred to as a Clean Energy Standard.

A unified clean energy standard is technology-neutral, meaning that it treats all zero-carbon sources of energy equally. It allows clean energy sources to generate an alternative revenue stream and is largely seen as a market-friendly mechanism geared towards eliminating emissions.

California ambitions

California, arguably one of the most ambitious states when it comes to climate, recently passed SB100, requiring the state to acquire 100% of its electricity from renewable and zero-carbon electricity, a tiny but important detail. The bill still boosts renewables with a 60% RPS by 2030.

However, the remaining 40% can come from any source of clean energy, including nuclear, CCS and renewables. Although some media outlets have described the bill as " mandating 100% renewable energy use by 2045," the most accurate definition of the standard is that it is 100% zero-carbon.

Indeed, the bill's careful wording signals that there are realistic limitations for a 100% renewable energy grid with today's technology, particularly regarding cost.

The cost of renewable energy sources has fallen dramatically, leading to a beneficial and accelerated global build-out and making renewables the most competitive source of electricity in some parts of the world. But large quantities of renewable energy sources pose challenges for the grid, in part due to their intermittency.

Currently, most market and policy designs evaluate the competitiveness of energy sources by their levelized cost of electricity, essentially the average price of electricity where the asset will break even over its lifetime, which fails to incorporate other elements of value to the energy system such as flexibility.

Dispatchable, zero-carbon resources, working in tandem with large quantities of intermittent renewables, will bolster renewables' success in the medium to long-run, while ensuring emissions reductions now.

In 2018, the International Energy Agency (IEA) introduced the concept of value-adjusted levelized cost of electricity built on modeling hourly supply and taking into account energy, flexibility and capacity. Under this measure, renewables continue to become more competitive in the medium-run, albeit varying by region.

However, as the intermittent generation of renewables increases, it poses more challenges to the grid, which diminishes the competitiveness of their output. In turn, the value of dispatchable energy increases.

Hence, the analysis concludes that the continued growth of renewables will not only depend on their cost, but also on their relative value to the grid. In the case of solar PV, continued market growth might be tied to governments' ability to boost all clean energy sources, including nuclear energy and CCS.

Lowering energy system costs

Several studies demonstrate that including all clean energy sources can lower the cost of the overall energy system, which is most likely to translate into slower price increases, boosting energy security and access.

U.K. researchers modeled a zero-carbon grid by 2050 and found that a renewables-share of more than 80% led to realistic constraints on energy supply. In the U.S., researchers who analyzed 40 different decarbonization pathways came to a similar conclusion: a system inclusive of clean energy will be much cheaper than a system based entirely on renewables.

Stakeholders are becoming increasingly aware of this tiny difference with potentially large impacts - even Google moved from a 100% renewables energy purchasing goal to a commitment to carbon-free energy for its daily operations.

From a global perspective, the energy transition will need to deliver decarbonization in sectors for which renewables have - as of today - limited applicability, including transportation and industry.

A carefully-worded approach that emphasizes zero-carbon energy takes this wide range of considerations into account as it opens the door to all sources of clean energy, while not dismissing a 100% renewable future.

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The devil's in the details: Policy implications of 'clean' vs. 'renewable' energy

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The following is a contributed article by Jennifer T. Gordon, Deputy Director of the Atlantic Council's Global Energy Center and Lee Beck, Senior Advisor for Advocacy and Communications at the Global CCS Institute. In the wake of several major climate reports by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the U.S.

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La energía renovable y sus beneficios en el medio ambiente

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La energía renovable y sus beneficios en el medio ambiente

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Responsabilidad

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Se sabe que la energía solar es la energía más eco responsable, utiliza la energía del sol para convertirla en electricidad. Es muy ecológico y no daña el medio ambiente. Funcionan con paneles solares.

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Renewable energy refers to eco-friendly energy resources. Unlike fossil fuels, and other types of energy sources, retrieving renewable energy is not environmentally damaging. Technologies that are being used in harnessing the Earth's renewable energy create no negative impact to the environment.

What are the top sources of renewable energy?
1. Geothermal Power
Geothermal energy utilizes the Earth's internal heat. Today, geothermal energy is being used for electricity, as well as the heating and cooling of large buildings and establishments.
Geothermal energy is highly powerful, yet environmentally safe. The processes that geothermal plants undergo in order to extract this renewable energy is both natural and cost-effective.
2. Solar Energy
Solar energy is one of the most accessible renewable resources today. It makes use of the sun's energy and converts it into electricity.

Many businesses, and even houses, are making use of solar energy not only to reduce their ecological footprint, but also to significantly cut cost on their electrical expenses.

EcoView Homes is everyone's tried and tested, highly reliable, go-to company for eco-friendly homes. As advocates of eco-friendly urban living, EcoView Homes has eco-friendly town homes for sale in Dallas.
3. Wind Energy
Energy from wind is harnessed with the use of wind turbines and windmills. The blades of wind turbines and windmills are designed in such a way that they turn with every blow of the wind, thus generating energy. The use of wind turbines and windmills in harnessing wind energy produces zero hazardous waste.
4. Hydropower
Water is another source of strong, renewable energy. It is considered as one of the most widely used form of eco-friendly energy. Typically, for hydropower to be harnessed, turbines and a hydroelectric dam are utilized. The use of water as energy source is not only cheap, but highly reliable. The responsibility of protecting our environment and harnessing renewable energy doesn't fall on organizations or large corporations only. Individually, we have a role to play. Even you, right in your own home, can go green, and help the environment.

If you are looking for an eco-friendly home for you and your family in Texas, EcoView Homes is for you.

The best part about having an environmentally friendly home? Reduced energy cost and high savings.

Whether it's luxury town homes, or eco-friendly condos that you're looking for, you can be sure that EcoView Homes has the home that best suits not only you, but the environment around you.

EcoView Homes Location:

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Types of Eco-Friendly Energy Sources - EcoView

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Renewable energy refers to eco-friendly energy resources. Unlike fossil fuels, and other types of energy sources, retrieving renewable energy is not environmentally damaging. Technologies that are being used in harnessing the Earth's renewable energy create no negative impact to the environment. What are the top sources of renewable energy? 1.

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This statistic represents the opinion of the French on the most environmentally friendly energy in 2018. It becomes clear that for more than 45 percent of respondents, solar energy was the most environmentally friendly energy source. The energy generated by the wind was also a considered to be pro-environment by almost 24 percent of the respondents.

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Most environmentally friendly energy according to the French 2018 | Statista

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This statistic represents the opinion of the French on the most environmentally friendly energy in 2018. It becomes clear that for more than 45 percent of respondents, solar energy was the most environmentally friendly energy source. The energy generated by the wind was also a considered to be pro-environment by almost 24 percent of the respondents.

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We finished some work that we had difficulties with, and also we presented to our mentor what did we already do.

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Get all the key facts about renewable energy in our guide to alternative energy sources. Learn about all the major forms of sustainable energy.

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Make a circuit about hydro energy.

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Make bookmarks about renewable energy, also make pins for the people who visits our project.

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Convince people around you to use renewable energy.

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We divide our energy use among four economic sectors: Commercial, this energy includes heating, cooling and lighting of commercial buildings and spaces, power used by companies and business throughout our cities for computers...

Industrial,  industrial is what allows industries to extract resources and produce goods for our daily lives.

Residential, residential energy counts with 40% of the global use of energy.

Transportation, transportation depends 100%  on the energy,  the transport sector includes all vehicles from personal cars to trucks to buses and motorcycles. It also includes aircrafts, trains, ship and pipelines.

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https://www.google.com/search?q=qual+es+la+energy+mas+cara&rlz=1C1CHBF_esES962ES962&oq=qual+es+la+energy+mas+cara&aqs=chrome..69i57j0i13l2j0i22i30l2.12631j0j1&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8

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cual es la energía menos. cara y cual es la mas cara - Google Search

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No hay más que hacer una búsqueda en Google: "cual es la fuente de energía más barata".

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Residential and commercial use accounted for 40% of the energy consumed in the United States in 2015.

Where does the energy consumed in homes and commercial buildings come from? And what is it used for? Discover how energy serves us where we live and where we work.

More about home & work

28% of all all energy consumed in the United States goes into moving people and cargo.

With less than one twentieth of the world's population, the United States is home to more than one-fifth of the world's vehicles. Learn about the impacts of our dependency on vehicles and the fuel we use to run them.

More about transportation

Industry accounted for 32% of the energy consumed in the United States in 2015.

Industry is vital to our economy-and it requires a growing share of our energy. Find out which industries draw the most from our energy supply and what sources they rely on to power their processes.

More about industry
View our full glossary

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The National Academies presents: What You Need to Know About Energy

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Want to understand the basics of America's current energy situation? The National Academies, advisers to the nation on science, engineering, and medicine, provides objective information about the United States' current energy sources and uses, as well as a look forward to the future of energy.

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When we talk about energy saving, most of you remember being care free children at home and the adults being in a constant need to urge you to switch off the lights or the television or the washing machine. Now that you are an adult, you understand why it was important to actually do things such as switching off the lights when you leave a room.

Energy saving has been an elusive quest for many of us living in urban developed cities. We need energy for everything in our household and it is one of the earmarks of modern living and convenience. We use energy for everything in the home and in the office and basically to perform daily tasks.

Energy use can be divided many dfferent ways but the most common is through the the end product - either electricity; themal energy, which is heating/cooling (including hot water); or transportation. You can also break down energy into its end-users, which are described below.

When we talk about residential uses of energy, these are the most basic uses of energy. They include watching television, washing clothes, heating and lighting the home, taking a shower, working from home on your laptop or computer, running appliances and cooking. Residential uses of energy account for almost forty percent of total energy use globally.
Interested in Residential Solar? Read more: The Rise of the Residential Solar PV Customer
Read More: Energy Efficiency: The Unsung Hero of Our Times
Waste in this category of use is also the highest globally. This can be attributed to the lack of education offered to the public on how to conserve the energy they use daily, or to the lack of energy conseration products available in the market. Most people are ignorant to the fact that there are avenues or companies and innovations available that can help them monitor and reduce the amount of energy they use.

Commercial use of energy is what energy is used for in the commercial sector. This includes heating, cooling and lighting of commercial buildings and spaces, power used by companies and business throughout our cities for computers, fax machines, workstations, copiers just to name but a few.
Read More: 6 Companies that Have Great Environmental Initiatives
The uses of energy in the commercial space is more or less similar to the uses in the industrial space save for personal uses. Energy saving here though, is targeted at the corporate world rather than at individuals. Players in the sector of energy conservation should introduce energy saving campaigns in order to curb the culture of waste present at our places of work.

Transportation is one hundred percent dependent on energy. Over seventy percent of petroleum used goes into the transport sector. The transport sector includes all vehicles from personal cars to trucks to buses and motorcycles. It also includes aircrafts, trains, ship and pipelines.

The transportation sector can be very vital in the overall quest for energy conservation. Innovations such as the introduction of more fuel efficient vehicles and development of alternative sources of energy for our transport system can greatly help in the saving of energy
Read more: 'Every New Vehicle Will Be Electric' by 2025, Disruption Expert Says
Efforts at energy conservation can be made on a global scale if we factor in the uses and deal with them one by one. If we focus on them as individual uses rather than trying to find a solution as a whole, we will make much bigger strides in conservation.

I am a highly creative marketer who can always be trusted to come up with a new approach, I know that the client's business comes first, and I never try to impose my ideas on others. My greatest expertise revolve in the worlds of interactive Social Media, Renewable Technologies, Brand Identity Design, Content Creation and Print Collateral. My wish is to combine my knowledge and experience in these areas, to deliver the best creative to my employer's clients and their audiences.

View all posts

I am a highly creative marketer who can always be trusted to come up with a new approach, I know that the client's business comes first, and I never try to impose my ideas on others. My greatest expertise revolve in the worlds of interactive Social Media, Renewable Technologies, Brand Identity Design, Content Creation and Print Collateral. My wish is to combine my knowledge and experience in these areas, to deliver the best creative to my employer's clients and their audiences.

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The Different Uses of Energy in our Daily lives

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When we talk about energy saving, most of you remember being care free children at home and the adults being in a constant need to urge you to switch off the lights or the television or the washing machine.

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Industrial energy use, is what allows industries to extract resources and produce goods. Industrial energy use should not be confused with commercial energy use; while both are businesses, commercial means engaging in commerce, industrial means producing goods, usually from raw materials.

Industries can use energy in many different ways; the metal industry uses a good portion, along with paper and pulp, chemical, and food industries. These can be explored below.

This visualization shows how much of the world's total final consumption is used by each sector. Industry makes up close to a third of this. Specific countries may also be searched for by use of the search bar. Click on the black bar beside "Industry" below to see how the use of this energy is split up within the sector.

For Further Reading

References

From the Oxford English Dictionary derived from definitions for commercial and industry

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Industrial energy use, is what allows industries to extract resources and produce goods. Industrial energy use should not be confused with commercial energy use; while both are businesses, commercial means engaging in commerce, industrial means producing goods, usually from raw materials.

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Wind energy projects provide many economic benefits to neighboring communities: jobs, a new source of revenue for farmers and ranchers in the form of land lease payments, and an increased local tax base. Wind energy can also reduce electricity rates for project neighbors, and in Texas, has even resulted in free electricity.

Wind projects can also attract tourists who want to see wind farms in person. Locally owned community wind projects create even more of an economic opportunity for those involved. The following sections describe some of the potential economic impacts of wind development.

Direct Employment

Wind energy projects result in jobs in rural communities in manufacturing, transportation, and project construction. Wind sector employment reached a new high of more than 114,000 full-time workers at the end of 2018. Employment in this sector fluctuates depending on the level of deployment, status of federal incentives, trade, and the value of the dollar.

Many people will be employed during a wind plant's development and construction, including local construction services and companies from outside of the community. This activity will provide a large amount of indirect economic impact (e.g., manufacturing and supply chain) and induced impacts (e.g., increased spending at hotels and restaurants) during the construction phase of a project.

Land Lease Payments

Wind energy offers rural landowners a new cash crop. During 2018, wind energy projects on private land provided $289 million in land lease payments to rural landowners. Wind turbines have a small footprint, so crops can be grown and livestock can be grazed close to the base of the turbine.

Local Tax Revenue

Property tax payments from utility-scale wind projects provide much-needed revenue to rural communities for building new schools, roads, bridges, and other community infrastructure. Average annual payments of more than $7,000 per megawatt of installed capacity are common.

Wind Energy Tourism

In locations where tourism is an important part of the local economy, a wind farm may be perceived as an enhancement to tourism for those interested in the technology. Although detractors may raise questions about possible negative impacts to local tourism, real-life experience (e.g., in two rural Indiana counties and on Block Island, Rhode Island) supports the idea that wind projects are an opportunity for the community to build awareness and education around clean energy and capitalize on a "green" identity.

Community wind projects are owned by local governmental organizations or a group of people who pool funds to invest in a clean energy project. They have multiple applications and can be used by schools, hospitals, businesses, farms, ranches, or community facilities to supply local electricity. Rural electric cooperatives or municipal utilities can also own community wind projects and use them to diversify electricity supplies and to engage stakeholders in their local energy projects.

Locally owned community wind projects create even more of an economic opportunity for those involved than conventional wind farms owned by companies with limited local ties. Community wind projects have a greater impact in terms of economic benefits because of two key factors: the local ownership and project profits remaining local.

Research indicates that "construction-period employment impacts are 1.1 to 1.3 times higher, and operations-period impacts are 1.1 to 2.8 times higher for community wind versus conventional wind power projects."

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Wind Energy's Economic Impacts to Communities

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Wind energy projects provide many economic benefits to neighboring communities: jobs, a new source of revenue for farmers and ranchers in the form of land lease payments, and an increased local tax base. Wind energy can also reduce electricity rates for project neighbors, and in Texas, has even resulted in free electricity.

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Today marks the second annual Professional Engineers Day and to celebrate we take a look at how Engineering is driving alternative power sources and the renewable energy sector's rapid growth.

The strength of the renewable market lies in its diversity and its tangible benefits. It's growth will make a direct impact on billions of peoples and shows the power of engineering to improve lives.

Our infographic - created in partnership with the New Jersey Institute of Technology's Online Master of Science in Electrical Engineering degree program - explores what is the best energy source. We dive into a range of renewable energy options, emerging eco-friendly energy sources, and the different types that are currently in use. Learn more about how they work, what is the cleanest form of energy, and how experts determine their efficiency.

Renewable energy accounted for a tenth of the total US energy consumption in 2015.

Half of this was in the form of electricity but there are lots of different types of alternative energy and ways of generating electricity.

What are some alternative energy sources

The most efficient forms of renewable energy and geothermal, solar, wind, hydroelectricity and biomass.

These new alternative energy technologies have transformed national grids across the world in the last two decades. The rise of new renewable energy options and types of green energy have given policy makers and engineers a new toolkit to work with when trying to reduce a country's emissions.

We wanted to show you a full list of renewable energy and green energy comparisons to highlight the pros and cons of different types of renewable energy systems on our energy sources list.

Alternative energy list

Geothermal energy is generated by harnessing the Earth's natural heat. There is a tremendous amount stored in the planet with the conduction rate pegged at 44.2 terawatts. According to a recent report, the global industry is expected to produce around 18.4 gigawatts by 2021.

Wind energy has been the leading alternate energy generation and one of the most popular renewable energy sources and makes use of airflow to move massive wind turbines. The mechanical action generates electric power. Rows of windmills are usually constructed along coastal areas where there are no barriers to impede flow. This industry could make up 35% of US electrical production by 2050.

By that time, experts believe that solar power could be supplying us with 25% of our energy needs. The estimate is based on combined photovoltaic and solar energy alternatives like thermal energy systems generating renewable energy for the national grid. This might not be far off from reality given the continuing improvements in solar technology and the steady decrease in the cost of the panels.

An alternative source of energy is Biomass. Biomass is a popular renewable energy system that normally refers to wood, biofuels, waste and other forms of organic matter which are burned to produce energy. The burning process releases carbon emissions but it is still considered renewable because the plants used can be regrown reducing the total carbon footprint.

Generation will rise at a slower pace than the rest from 4.2 quadrillion BTU in 2013 to 5 quadrillion BTU in 2040.

Hydroelectric plants use the power of moving water to generate electricity. The conventional method is to generate energy by building dams to control the flow. This requires massive investment but operation and maintenance costs are quite low. This currently accounts for 7% of US the total US energy production.

Measuring Renewable Energy Efficiency

We can find out which one of these renewable alternatives and power technology examples are the most efficient by calculating the costs of the fuel, the production, and the environmental damages. Wind comes out on top by a wide margin over all the other sources. It is followed in order by geothermal, hydro, nuclear and solar.

A formula was devised to compute the standard cost of electricity or LCOE of the various methods we discussed. The outcome depends on several factors including the capital cost, the fuel cost, the projected utilization rate, the operation cost, and the maintenance cost.

Aside from these, both the plant owners and investors must consider the potential effects on the efficiency of other external factors. For instance, there will always be an element of uncertainty when it comes to fuel prices and government policies. One administration may be supported with tax credits and other stimuli for the industry. Another may not be as keen on seeing it take off.

LCOE is another formula used is called the levelised avoided the cost of electricity or LACE. This measures the cost of the grid was to generate electricity displaced by a new generation project. LACE seeks to address the gaps in LCOE by comparing technology efficiencies while accounting for regional differences.

Types of Wind Power

Wind Power is one of the most well known forms of sustainable energy. There are different types of wind power including offshore, distributed and utility-scale wind. Offshore is characterized by turbines located in bodies of water. Their placement makes construction difficult such that they can be 50% more expensive than nuclear and 90% more costly than fossil fuels generators.
Find out more - What Are The Worlds Biggest Cities Going To Be In 2100
Utility-scale wind refers to electricity that is generated in wind farms that is then delivered to the power grid for disbursal by utility companies to the end-user. The turbines used are bigger than 100 kW. Distributed wind power, on the other hand, is also called small wind because the turbines are 100 kW or less. The electricity is delivered directly to the end-user.

Wind turbines could use the horizontal-axis or the vertical axis design. The former is more popular than the latter. These are made up of blades, a tower, a drivetrain, controls, electrical cables, group support, and interconnection equipment. Small turbines for homes have rotors between 8 and 25 feet in diameter and stand over 30 feet.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Wind Energy

This form of energy is providing 88,000 jobs all around the US with 21,000 of these being in the manufacturing sector. It is a free and renewable resource that is clean and non-polluting. Since it is in harmony with nature, it can be built on land that is also used for growing crops or grazing animals. The initial investment may be high but the operating expenses is low. No fuel is needed to keep things going.

As for economic benefits, it is considered as a drought-resistant cash crop for farmers as well as ranchers. The taxes paid by the wind farm owners are channelled into rural communities. Indeed, around 70% of the turbines in existence are in low-income countries. These generated more than $128 billion in investments between 2008 and 2015. This resulted in $7.3 billion in public health benefits by reducing air pollutants.

Our Final Words on Renewables

Not all is good news, however, as there are also notable disadvantages. Engineers have to address several issues including the intermittent nature of wind. The ideal locations for construction are generally remote and far from the cities that need power the most. Bridging this gap is of primary importance.

They tend to be noisy while they turn and are difficult to build. Imagine building 20-story towers that can accommodate blades as long as 60 meters. The transportation of materials to remote sites is a logistical challenge. While land animals are safe, birds often fall victim to the blades as they try to pass through. Offshore turbines should be operated with migratory patterns in mind to keep marine birds safe. Exports by wind turbine manufacturers jumped from just $16 million in 2007 to $488 million in 2014.

This can be attributed to advances in wind turbine technology. This includes the development of a special blade that can increase energy capture by 12%. Thanks to this and other innovations, this form of renewable energy is becoming more efficient and attractive for investors.

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What Are The Most Efficient Forms Of Renewable Energy - Born To Engineer

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Today marks the second annual Professional Engineers Day and to celebrate we take a look at how Engineering is driving alternative power sources and the

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What is the most used energy in the global area?

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What is the most used energy in the global area?

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Oil energy is the most used energy, followed by Coal, and Natural Gas. In 2020, some 174 exajoules worth of oil were consumed.
Oil energy is not a renewable source of energy. It is a fossil fuel, fossil fuel is a hydrocarbon-containing material formed by dead plants or animals. Other fossil fuels are coal and natural gas. Oil energy is mostly used in cars and various other automobiles.

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More than half of energy use in homes is for heating and air conditioning

U.S. households need energy to power numerous home devices and equipment, but on average, more than half (51% in 2015) of a household's annual energy consumption is for just two energy end uses: space heating and air conditioning. These mostly seasonal and energy-intensive uses vary significantly by geographic location, home size and structure, and equipment and fuels used.

Water heating, lighting, and refrigeration are near-universal and year-round home energy uses. In 2015, these three end uses combined accounted for 27% of total annual home energy use. The remaining share-21%-of home energy use was for devices such as televisions, cooking appliances, clothes washers, and clothes dryers, as well as a growing list of consumer electronics including computers, tablets, smartphones, video game consoles, and internet streaming devices.

Many factors affect the amount of energy a household uses

Geographic location and climate

Type of home and its physical characteristics

Number, type, and efficiency of energy-consuming devices in the home and the amount of time they are used

Number of household members

Because of higher space-heating demand, households in the Northeast and Midwest regions of the United States consume more energy on average than households in the South and West regions. Larger homes and larger households tend to use more energy overall than smaller homes and smaller households.

Space heating and air conditioning account for a much smaller share of household energy use in apartments than in detached single-family homes. Apartments are generally smaller than single-family homes, and they are often partially insulated from weather by adjacent apartments. In 2015, the average household living in a single-family detached home consumed nearly three times more energy than a household living in an apartment building that has five or more apartments.

Electricity and natural gas are the most-used energy sources in homes

Electricity is used in almost all homes, and electricity accounted for 41% of household end-use energy consumption in 2019. Natural gas, which was used in 58% of homes in 2015, accounted for 44% of residential sector end-use energy consumption in 2019. Petroleum was the next most-consumed energy source in the residential sector in 2019. Petroleum includes fuel oil, kerosene, and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), which is mostly propane. Natural gas, fuel oil, and LPG are all primarily used for space heating and water heating, but electricity powers heating devices and many more end uses.

Overall, three-quarters of U.S. homes use two or more energy sources, but mobile homes and homes in the South are most likely to only use electricity to meet all of their household energy needs. Fuel oil use for heating is more common in the Northeast. LPG use for grilling food outdoors is common throughout the country, while many homes in rural areas use LPG to meet the majority of heating and cooking needs.

Energy use per household has declined

Improvements in building insulation and materials

Improved efficiencies of heating and cooling equipment, water heaters, refrigerators, lighting, and appliances

Population migration to regions with lower heating-and thus lower total energy-demand

The decline in average household site energy consumption has offset the increase in the number of homes overall, resulting in relatively flat residential sector energy consumption since the mid-1990s.
Last updated: August 4, 2020

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Use of energy in homes - U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA)

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U.S. households need energy to power numerous home devices and equipment, but on average, more than half (51% in 2015) of a household's annual energy consumption is for just two energy end uses: space heating and air conditioning. These mostly seasonal and energy-intensive uses vary significantly by geographic location, home size and structure, and equipment and fuels used.

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Toggle the table of contents

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

A fossil fuel[a] is a hydrocarbon-containing material formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of dead plants and animals that is extracted and burned as a fuel. The main fossil fuels are coal, oil, and natural gas.[2] Fossil fuels may be burned to provide heat for use directly (such as for cooking or heating), to power engines (such as internal combustion engines in motor vehicles), or to generate electricity.[3] Some fossil fuels are refined into derivatives such as kerosene, gasoline and propane before burning. The origin of fossil fuels is the anaerobic decomposition of buried dead organisms, containing organic molecules created by photosynthesis.[4] The conversion from these materials to high-carbon fossil fuels typically require a geological process of millions of years.[5]

In 2019, 84% of primary energy consumption in the world and 64% of its electricity was from fossil fuels.[6][7][8] The large-scale burning of fossil fuels causes serious environmental damage. Over 80% of the carbon dioxide (CO ₂) generated by human activity comes from burning them: around 35 billion tonnes a year,[9] compared to 4 billion from land development.[10] Natural processes on Earth, mostly absorption by the ocean, can only remove a small part of this. Therefore, there is a net increase of many billion tonnes of atmospheric carbon dioxide per year.[11] Although methane leaks are significant,[12]: 52  the burning of fossil fuels is the main source of greenhouse gas emissions causing global warming and ocean acidification. Additionally, most air pollution deaths are due to fossil fuel particulates and noxious gases. It is estimated that this costs over 3% of the global gross domestic product[13] and that fossil fuel phase-out will save millions of lives each year.[14]

Recognition of the climate crisis, pollution and other negative impacts caused by fossil fuels has led to a widespread policy transition and activist movement focused on ending their use in favor of sustainable energy.[15] However, because the fossil-fuel industry is so heavily integrated in the global economy and heavily subsidized,[16] this transition is expected to have significant economic impacts.[17] Many stakeholders argue that this change needs to be a just transition[18] and create policy that addresses the societal burdens created by the stranded assets of the fossil fuel industry.[19][20]

International policy, in the form of United Nations sustainable development goals for affordable and clean energy and climate action, as well as the Paris Climate Agreement, is designed to facilitate this transition at a global level. In 2021, the International Energy Agency concluded that no new fossil fuel extraction projects could be opened if the global economy and society wants to avoid the worst impacts of climate change and meet international goals for climate change mitigation.[21]

Origin

The theory that fossil fuels formed from the fossilized remains of dead plants by exposure to heat and pressure in Earth's crust over millions of years was first introduced by Andreas Libavius "in his 1597 Alchemia [Alchymia]" and later by Mikhail Lomonosov "as early as 1757 and certainly by 1763".[23] The first use of the term "fossil fuel" occurs in the work of the German chemist Caspar Neumann, in English translation in 1759.[24] The Oxford English Dictionary notes that in the phrase "fossil fuel" the adjective "fossil" means "[o]btained by digging; found buried in the earth", which dates to at least 1652,[25] before the English noun "fossil" came to refer primarily to long-dead organisms in the early 18th century.[26]

Aquatic phytoplankton and zooplankton that died and sedimented in large quantities under anoxic conditions millions of years ago began forming petroleum and natural gas as a result of anaerobic decomposition. Over geological time this organic matter, mixed with mud, became buried under further heavy layers of inorganic sediment. The resulting high temperature and pressure caused the organic matter to chemically alter, first into a waxy material known as kerogen, which is found in oil shales, and then with more heat into liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons in a process known as catagenesis. Despite these heat-driven transformations, the energy released in combustion is still photosynthetic in origin.[4]

Terrestrial plants tended to form coal and methane. Many of the coal fields date to the Carboniferous period of Earth's history. Terrestrial plants also form type III kerogen, a source of natural gas. Although fossil fuels are continually formed by natural processes, they are classified as non-renewable resources because they take millions of years to form and known viable reserves are being depleted much faster than new ones are generated.[27][28]

Importance

Fossil fuels have been important to human development because they can be readily burned in the open atmosphere to produce heat. The use of peat as a domestic fuel predates recorded history. Coal was burned in some early furnaces for the smelting of metal ore, while semi-solid hydrocarbons from oil seeps were also burned in ancient times,[29] they were mostly used for waterproofing and embalming.[30]

Commercial exploitation of petroleum began in the 19th century.[31]

Natural gas, once flared-off as an unneeded byproduct of petroleum production, is now considered a very valuable resource.[32] Natural gas deposits are also the main source of helium.

Heavy crude oil, which is much more viscous than conventional crude oil, and oil sands, where bitumen is found mixed with sand and clay, began to become more important as sources of fossil fuel in the early 2000s.[33] Oil shale and similar materials are sedimentary rocks containing kerogen, a complex mixture of high-molecular weight organic compounds, which yield synthetic crude oil when heated ( pyrolyzed). With additional processing, they can be employed instead of other established fossil fuels. During the 2010s and 2020s there was disinvestment from exploitation of such resources due to their high carbon cost relative to more easily-processed reserves.[34]

Prior to the latter half of the 18th century, windmills and watermills provided the energy needed for work such as milling flour, sawing wood or pumping water, while burning wood or peat provided domestic heat. The wide-scale use of fossil fuels, coal at first and petroleum later, in steam engines enabled the Industrial Revolution. At the same time, gas lights using natural gas or coal gas were coming into wide use. The invention of the internal combustion engine and its use in automobiles and trucks greatly increased the demand for gasoline and diesel oil, both made from fossil fuels. Other forms of transportation, railways and aircraft, also require fossil fuels. The other major use for fossil fuels is in generating electricity and as feedstock for the petrochemical industry. Tar, a leftover of petroleum extraction, is used in the construction of roads.

The energy for the Green Revolution was provided by fossil fuels in the form of fertilizers (natural gas), pesticides (oil), and hydrocarbon-fueled irrigation.[35][36] The development of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer has significantly supported global population growth; it has been estimated that almost half of the Earth's population are currently fed as a result of synthetic nitrogen fertilizer use.[37] According to head of a fertilizers commodity price agency, "50% of the world's food relies on fertilisers."[38]

Environmental effects

The burning of fossil fuels has a number of negative externalities - harmful environmental impacts where the effects extend beyond the people using the fuel. The actual effects depend on the fuel in question. All fossil fuels release CO ₂ when they burn, thus accelerating climate change. Burning coal, and to a lesser extent oil and its derivatives, contribute to atmospheric particulate matter, smog and acid rain.[39][40][41]

Climate change is largely driven by the release of greenhouse gasses like CO ₂, with the burning of fossil fuels being the main source of these emissions. In most parts of the world climate change is negatively impacting ecosystems.[45] This includes contributing to the extinction of species and reducing people's ability to produce food, thus adding to the problem of world hunger. Continued rises in global temperatures will lead to further adverse effects on both ecosystems and people, with the World Health Organization having stated climate change is the greatest threat to human health in the 21st century.[46][47]

Combustion of fossil fuels generates sulfuric and nitric acids, which fall to Earth as acid rain, impacting both natural areas and the built environment. Monuments and sculptures made from marble and limestone are particularly vulnerable, as the acids dissolve calcium carbonate.

Fossil fuels also contain radioactive materials, mainly uranium and thorium, which are released into the atmosphere. In 2000, about 12,000 tonnes of thorium and 5,000 tonnes of uranium were released worldwide from burning coal.[48] It is estimated that during 1982, US coal burning released 155 times as much radioactivity into the atmosphere as the Three Mile Island accident.[49]

Burning coal also generates large amounts of bottom ash and fly ash. These materials are used in a wide variety of applications (see Fly ash reuse), utilizing, for example, about 40% of the United States production.[50]

In addition to the effects that result from burning, the harvesting, processing, and distribution of fossil fuels also have environmental effects. Coal mining methods, particularly mountaintop removal and strip mining, have negative environmental impacts, and offshore oil drilling poses a hazard to aquatic organisms. Fossil fuel wells can contribute to methane release via fugitive gas emissions. Oil refineries also have negative environmental impacts, including air and water pollution. Coal is sometimes transported by diesel-powered locomotives, while crude oil is typically transported by tanker ships, requiring the combustion of additional fossil fuels.

A variety of mitigating efforts have arisen to counter the negative effects of fossil fuels. This includes a movement to use alternative energy sources, such as renewable energy. Environmental regulation uses a variety of approaches to limit these emissions; for example, rules against releasing waste products like fly ash into the atmosphere.[41]

In December 2020, the United Nations released a report saying that despite the need to reduce greenhouse emissions, various governments are " doubling down" on fossil fuels, in some cases diverting over 50% of their COVID-19 recovery stimulus funding to fossil fuel production rather than to alternative energy. The UN secretary general António Guterres declared that "Humanity is waging war on nature. This is suicidal. Nature always strikes back - and it is already doing so with growing force and fury." However, Guterres also said there is still cause for hope, anticipating Joe Biden's plan for the US to join other large emitters like China and the EU in adopting targets to reach net zero emissions by 2050.[51][52][53]

Illness and deaths

Environmental pollution from fossil fuels impacts humans because particulates and other air pollution from fossil fuel combustion cause illness and death when inhaled. These health effects include premature death, acute respiratory illness, aggravated asthma, chronic bronchitis and decreased lung function. The poor, undernourished, very young and very old, and people with preexisting respiratory disease and other ill health are more at risk.[54] Global air pollution deaths due to fossil fuels have been estimated at over 8 million people (2018, nearly 1 in 5 deaths worldwide)[55] and at 10.2 million (2019).[56]

While all energy sources inherently have adverse effects, the data shows that fossil fuels cause the highest levels of greenhouse gas emissions and are the most dangerous for human health. In contrast, modern renewable energy sources appear to be safer for human health and cleaner. The death rate from accidents and air pollution in the EU are as follows per terawatt-hour: coal (24.6 deaths), oil (18.4 deaths), natural gas (2.8 deaths), biomass (4.6 deaths), hydropower (0.02 deaths), nuclear energy (0.07 deaths), wind (0.04 deaths), and solar (0.02 deaths). The greenhouse gas emissions from each energy source are as follows, measured in tonnes: coal (820 tonnes), oil (720 tonnes), natural gas (490 tonnes), biomass (78-230 tonnes), hydropower (34 tonnes), nuclear energy (3 tonnes), wind (4 tonnes), and solar (5 tonnes).[57] As the data shows, coal, oil, natural gas, and biomass cause higher death rates and higher levels of greenhouse gas emissions than hydropower, nuclear energy, wind, and solar power. Scientists propose that 1.8 million lives have been saved by replacing fossil fuel sources with nuclear power.[58]

Phase-out

Just transition

Divestment

Fossil fuel divestment or fossil fuel divestment and investment in climate solutions is an attempt to reduce climate change by exerting social, political, and economic pressure for the institutional divestment of assets including stocks, bonds, and other financial instruments connected to companies involved in extracting fossil fuels.

Fossil fuel divestment campaigns emerged on campuses in the United States in 2011 with students urging their administrations to turn endowment investments in the fossil fuel industry into investments in clean energy and communities most impacted by climate change.[62] In 2012, Unity College in Maine became the first institution of higher learning to divest[63] its endowment from fossil fuels.

By 2015, fossil fuel divestment was reportedly the fastest growing divestment movement in history.[64] In October 2021, a total of 1,485 institutions representing $39.2 trillion in assets worldwide had begun or committed to a divestment from fossil fuels.[65]

Industrial sector

In 2019, Saudi Aramco was listed and it reached a US$2 trillion valuation on its second day of trading,[68] after the world's largest initial public offering.[69]

Economic effects

Air pollution from fossil fuels in 2018 has been estimated to cost US$2.9 trillion, or 3.3% of the global gross domestic product (GDP).[13]

Subsidies

Lobbying activities

The fossil fuels lobby includes paid representatives of corporations involved in the fossil fuel industry ( oil, gas, coal), as well as related industries like chemicals, plastics, aviation and other transportation.[78] Because of their wealth and the importance of energy, transport and chemical industries to local, national and international economies, these lobbies have the capacity and money to attempt to have outsized influence governmental policy. In particular, the lobbies have been known to obstruct policy related to environmental protection, environmental health and climate action.[79]

Lobbies are active in most fossil-fuel intensive economies with democratic governance, with reporting on the lobbies most prominent in Canada, Australia, the United States and Europe, however the lobbies are present in many parts of the world. Big Oil companies such as ExxonMobil, Shell, BP, TotalEnergies, Chevron Corporation, and ConocoPhillips are among the largest corporations associated with the fossil fuels lobby.[80] The American Petroleum Institute is a powerful industry lobbyist for Big Oil with significant clout in Washington, D.C.[81][82][83]

Some observers have also been critical of the presence of major fossil fuel companies at global forums for decision making, like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,[84] Paris Climate Agreement negotiations,[84] the Plastic and other international forums. The lobby is known for exploiting international crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic,[85] or the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine,[86][87] to try to roll back existing regulations or justify new fossil fuel development.[85][86]

See also

Notes

The term has been considered a ^ misnomer because it does not actually originate from fossils, but from organic matter.[1]

References

1. ^ Fleckenstein, Joseph E. (2016). Three-phase electrical power. Boca Raton. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-4987-3778-4. OCLC 958799795.

2. "thermochemistry of fossil fuel formation" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 20 September 2015.

3. Paul Mann, Lisa Gahagan, and Mark B. Gordon, "Tectonic setting of the world's giant oil and gas fields", in ^ Michel T. Halbouty (ed.) Giant Oil and Gas Fields of the Decade, 1990-1999, Tulsa, Okla.: American Association of Petroleum Geologists, p. 50, accessed 22 June 2009.

4. ^ Ritchie, Hannah; Roser, Max (28 November 2020). "Energy". Our World in Data.

5. ^ Bank, European Investment (2 February 2023). "Energy Overview 2023".

6. ^ "Chapter 2: Emissions trends and drivers" (PDF). Ipcc_Ar6_Wgiii. 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2022.

7. "Quantifying the Economic Costs of Air Pollution from Fossil Fuels" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 April 2020.

8. ^ Bos, Kyra; Gupta, Joyeeta (1 October 2019). "Stranded assets and stranded resources: Implications for climate change mitigation and global sustainable development". Energy Research & Social Science. 56: 101215. doi:10.1016/j.erss.2019.05.025. ISSN 2214-6296. S2CID 198658515.

9. ^ Hsu, Chang Samuel; Robinson, Paul R. (2017). Springer Handbook of Petroleum Technology (2nd, illustrated ed.). Springer. p. 360. ISBN 978-3-319-49347-3. Extract of p. 360

10. ^ Caspar Neumann; William Lewis (1759). The Chemical Works of Caspar Neumann ... (1773 printing). J. and F. Rivington. pp. 492-.

11. (Subscription or ^ "fossil". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. participating institution membership required.) - "fossil [...] adj. [...] Obtained by digging; found buried in the earth. Now chiefly of fuels and other materials occurring naturally in underground deposits; esp. in FOSSIL FUEL n."

12. (Subscription or ^ "fossil". Oxford English Dictionary (Online ed.). Oxford University Press. participating institution membership required.) - "fossil [...] n. [...] Something preserved in the ground, esp. in petrified form in rock, and recognizable as the remains of a living organism of a former geological period, or as preserving an impression or trace of such an organism."

13. ^ Miller, G.; Spoolman, Scott (2007). Environmental Science: Problems, Connections and Solutions. Cengage Learning. ISBN 978-0-495-38337-6 - via Google Books.

14. ^ Ahuja, Satinder (2015). Food, Energy, and Water: The Chemistry Connection. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0-12-800374-9 - via Google Books.

15. ^ Bilkadi, Zayn (1992). "Bulls From the Sea: Ancient Oil Industries". Aramco World. Archived from the original on 13 November 2007.

16. ^ Ball, Max W.; Douglas Ball; Daniel S. Turner (1965). This Fascinating Oil Business. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill. ISBN 978-0-672-50829-5.

17. ^ Kaldany, Rashad, Director Oil, Gas, Mining and Chemicals Dept, World Bank (13 December 2006). Global Gas Flaring Reduction: A Time for Action! (PDF). Global Forum on Flaring & Gas Utilization. Paris.

18. ^ Eating Fossil Fuels. EnergyBulletin. Archived June 11, 2007, at the Wayback Machine

19. ^ "Soaring fertilizer prices put global food security at risk". Axios. 6 May 2022.

20. ^ Erisman, Jan Willem; MA Sutton, J Galloway, Z Klimont, W Winiwarter (October 2008). "How a century of ammonia synthesis changed the world". Nature Geoscience. 1 (10): 636-639. Bibcode:2008NatGe...1..636E. doi:10.1038/ngeo325. S2CID 94880859. Archived from the original on 23 July 2010.

21. ^ Oswald Spengler (1932). Man and Technics (PDF). Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN 0-8371-8875-X. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 November 2020.

22. ^ Griffin, Rodman (10 July 1992). "Alternative Energy". 2 (2): 573-596.

23. Michael Stephenson (2018). Energy and Climate Change: An Introduction to Geological Controls, Interventions and Mitigations. Elsevier. ISBN 978-0128120217.

24. ^ Neukom, Raphael; Barboza, Luis A.; Erb, Michael P.; Shi, Feng; et al. (2019). "Consistent multidecadal variability in global temperature reconstructions and simulations over the Common Era". Nature Geoscience. 12 (8): 643-649. Bibcode:2019NatGe..12..643P. doi:10.1038/s41561-019-0400-0. ISSN 1752-0908. PMC 6675609. PMID 31372180.

25. ^ "The European Power Sector in 2020 / Up-to-Date Analysis on the Electricity Transition" (PDF). ember-climate.org. Ember and Agora Energiewende. 25 January 2021. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 January 2021.

26. ^ World Meteorological Organization (2020). WMO Statement on the State of the Global Climate in 2019. WMO-No. 1248. Geneva. ISBN 978-92-63-11248-4.

27. ^ American Coal Ash Association. "CCP Production and Use Survey" (PDF).[permanent dead link ] [dead link ]

28. ^ "The Production Gap: The discrepancy between countries' planned fossil fuel production and global production levels consistent with limiting warming to 1.5°C or 2°C". UNEP. December 2020.

29. ^ Liodakis, E; Dashdorj, Dugersuren; Mitchell, Gary E. (2011). The nuclear alternative: Energy Production within Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. AIP Conference Proceedings. Vol. 1342. p. 91. Bibcode:2011AIPC.1342...91L. doi:10.1063/1.3583174.

30. ^ Vohra, Karn; Vodonos, Alina; Schwartz, Joel; Marais, Eloise A.; Sulprizio, Melissa P.; Mickley, Loretta J. (April 2021). "Global mortality from outdoor fine particle pollution generated by fossil fuel combustion: Results from GEOS-Chem". Environmental Research. 195: 110754. doi:10.1016/j.envres.2021.110754.

31. ^ "Climate Frontlines Briefing - No Jobs on a Dead Planet" (PDF). International Trade Union Confederation. March 2015.

32. ^ Gibson, Dylan; Duram, Leslie (2020). "Shifting Discourse on Climate and Sustainability: Key Characteristics of the Higher Education Fossil Fuel Divestment Movement". Sustainability. 12 (23): 10069. doi:10.3390/su122310069.

33. ^ "Energy Transition Investment Hit $500 Billion in 2020 - For First Time". Bloomberg New Energy Finance. 19 January 2021. Archived from the original on 19 January 2021.

34. ^ Chrobak, Ula; Chodosh, Sara (28 January 2021). "Solar power got cheap. So why aren't we using it more?". Popular Science. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. ● Chodosh's graphic is derived from data in "Lazard's Levelized Cost of Energy Version 14.0" (PDF). Lazard.com. Lazard. 19 October 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 28 January 2021.

35. ^ "Local Environmental Externalities due to Energy Price Subsidies: A Focus on Air Pollution and Health" (PDF). World Bank.

36. ^ "Update on recent progress in reform of inefficient fossil-fuel subsidies that encourage wasteful consumption" (PDF). 2021.

Further reading

External links

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Toggle the table of contents From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A fossil fuel [a] is a hydrocarbon-containing material formed naturally in the Earth's crust from the remains of dead plants and animals that is extracted and burned as a fuel.

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World energy supply and consumption - Wikipedia

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World energy supply and consumption is global production and preparation of fuel, generation of electricity, energy transport and energy consumption. It is a basic part of economic activity. It does not include energy from food.

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¿Cuales son las ventajas de usar energía renovable?

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¿Cuales son las ventajas de usar energía renovable?

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Mejora la salud:

Hay muchas enfermedades directamente relacionadas con nuestro uso de combustibles fósiles, pero, con el uso de energía alternativa, no habrá tantos problemas de salud.

Rentable:

A pesar de que algunas soluciones de energía alternativa

son bastante caras de implementar en el hogar, a largo plazo, son más económicas.

Bueno para el medio ambiente:

Utilizar energía de combustibles fósiles como el carbón, dañan el medio ambiente. Por eso, es mejor usar fuentes de energía renovable, como por ejemplo, el viento y el sol.

Crea oportunidades de trabajo

Muchas empresas y muchos lugares comienzan a implementar energía renovable, para eso, es necesario contratar a personas con experiencia en este tema.

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¿Qué podemos hacer para ser más respetuoso al medio ambiente?  

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¿Qué podemos hacer para ser más respetuoso al medio ambiente?  

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Es buena idea respetar el medio ambiente, le daremos algunas sugerencias para cuidar nuestro planeta.

Ahorre agua:

Asegúrese de que los grifos estén correctamente apagados después de su uso. Siempre

verifique si hay fugas en las tuberías de agua para asegurarse de que no se desperdicie agua.

También puede reutilizar el agua para regar plantas o limpiar.

Ahorre electricidad:

Intente usar luz natural a lo eléctrico si no es necesario. Abra

las ventanas y puertas de su habitación para dejar entrar la luz del sol. Al hacerlo, se facilita también la ventilación

adecuada.

Al cocinar, seleccione cocinar afuera con fuego natural. Le ahorrará más energía que el uso de estufas y cocinas eléctricas.

Las unidades de calefacción,

ventilación y aire acondicionado deben revisarse constantemente para evitar el uso injustificado de energía.

Medios de transporte alternativo:

Intente caminar o ir en bicicleta, caminar

ayudará a su cuerpo a mantenerse saludable y, al mismo tiempo, no causará contaminación del aire.

Reducir, reutilizar y reciclar:

Reducir el uso de materiales no biodegradables como plásticos y poliestireno expandido.

Estos materiales son perjudiciales para nuestro medio ambiente. Necesitamos comenzar a obtener materiales respetuosos con el medio ambiente y eliminar el uso de plásticos.

Otra forma de cómo podemos ayudar a salvar nuestro medio ambiente es reutilizar materiales y cosas. Siempre podemos encontrar otro propósito para algunas cosas usadas. Podemos reutilizar botellas para envases y decoraciones.  Incluso el papel se puede reciclar. Incluso podemos reutilizar la ropa para artes y manualidades.

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Make a KAHOOT for third grade