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Map of the Philippines showing Cebu Province 

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Cebu, officially the Province of Cebu (Lalawigan ng Cebu), is a province in the Philippines situated in the Central Visayas (Region VII) Region. It is comprised of a main island and 167 surrounding islands and islets. Cebu has 44 municipalities and 6 cities (Cebu City, Mandaue City, Lapu Lapu City, Toledo City, Danao City and Talisay City). Its capital is Cebu City, nicknamed "the Queen City of the South”, the oldest city and first capital of the Philippines, which is politically independent from the provincial government.

The province's land area is 4,944 square kilometers (1,909 sq mi), or when the independent cities are included for geographical purposes, the total area is 5,342 square kilometers (2,063 sq mi).

Cebu is known for its white-sand beaches, has narrow coastlines, limestone plateaus, and coastal plains, which are characteristics of a tropical island. It has predominantly rolling hills and rugged mountain ranges traversing the northern and southern lengths of the island. Cebu has steep mountains that reach over 1,000 meters.
In the northern region of Cebu, flat tracts of land can be found in the city of Bogo and in the towns of San Remigio, Medellin, and Daanbantayan. The highest peak in Cebu is Mount Manunggal, which is about 1,000 meters above sea level. Cebu has a land area of about 508,440 hectares.
Source:
PhilAtlas(2020, May 1). Cebu Profile. Retrieved Feb 26, 2022, from www.philatlas.com website: https://www.philatlas.com/visayas/r07/cebu.html#sectionSvgMap
Manilla Bulletin. (2021, December 22). COA: Cebu richest province in terms of net assets; Bulacan with highest revenues. Retrieved March 5, 2022, from Manila Bulletin website: https://mb.com.ph/2021/12/22/coa-cebu-richest-provinces-in-net-assets-bulacan-had-highest-revenues/
Cebu, Philippines. Retrieved February 25, 2022, from Cebu, Philippines website: https://www.google

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Find local businesses, view maps and get driving directions in Google Maps.

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Cebu City, Philippines - Detailed climate information| Weather Atlas

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The average temperature is around 24 to 34 °C (75 to 93 °F), and does not fluctuate much except during the month of May, which is the hottest month in Cebu with an average temperature of 29.5°C (85°F).
The coldest month is January at 27°C (81°F) with the most daily sunshine hours at 9 AM in April. The wettest month is June with an average of 170mm of rain. The best month to swim in the sea is in June when the average sea temperature is 30°C (86°F). Cebu averages 70–80% humidity.
Source:
PAGASA. (n.d.). PAGASA. Retrieved March 5, 2022, from www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph website: https://www.pagasa.dost.gov.ph/index.php
WeatherAtlas. (n.d.). Cebu City, Philippines - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast. Retrieved from Weather Atlas website: https://www.weather-atlas.com/en/philippines/cebu-city-climate#temperature

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The last month of the spring, May, is another hot month in Cebu City, Philippines, with temperature in the range of an average low of 25.9°C (78.6°F) and an average high of 33°C (91.4°F). With an average high-temperature of 33°C (91.4°F) and an average low-temperature of 25.9°C (78.6°F), May is the warmest month. In May, the rain falls for 8 days. Weather in May "

June, the first month of the summer, in Cebu City, is still a hot month, with average temperature varying between 25.3°C (77.5°F) and 32.1°C (89.8°F). In June, the average high-temperature is almost the same as in May - a still hot 32.1°C (89.8°F). Weather in June "

September, the first month of the autumn, in Cebu City, is still a tropical month, with temperature in the range of an average high of 31.7°C (89.1°F) and an average low of 25.8°C (78.4°F). In Cebu City, the average high-temperature is essentially the same as in August - a still tropical 31.7°C (89.1°F). Weather in September "

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Cebu City, Philippines - Detailed climate information and monthly weather forecast | Weather Atlas

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The month with the least rainfall in Cebu City, Philippines, is March when the rain falls for 7 days and typically collects 20mm (0.79") of precipitation. The month with the most rainfall in Cebu City is October when the rain falls for 16 days and typically aggregates up to 200mm (7.87") of precipitation.

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Demographics of Cebu Province, Philippines

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According to Philippine Statistics Authority (2020), the Total Population of Cebu (exlcuding Cebu City, Mandaue City & Lapu-Lapu City) is 3,325,385. The age group with the highest population in Cebu is 5 to 9, with 509,058 individuals. Conversely, the age group with the lowest population is 80 and over, with 34,799 individuals.

Age groups: those aged 14 and below, consisting of the young dependent population which include infants/babies, children and young adolescents/teenagers, make up an aggregate of 32.59% (1,509,885). Those aged 15 up to 64, roughly, the economically active population and actual or potential members of the work force, constitute a total of 62.79% (2,908,471). Finally, old dependent population consisting of the senior citizens, those aged 65 and over, total 4.62% (214,003) in all.
Ethnic Groups: Majority of the household population (97.52 percent) in Cebu classified themselves as Cebuano. Other ethnic groups included Bisaya/Binisaya (0.94 percent), Kankanai/Kankaney/Kankanaey (0.23 percent), Boholano (0.15 percent), Tagalog (0.14 percent), Hiligaynon/Ilonggo (0.13 percent), and Bicol (0.06 percent).

Computed Age Dependency Ratios: among the population of Cebu, there are 52 youth dependents to every 100 of the working age population; there are 7 aged/senior citizens to every 100 of the working population; and overall, there are 59 dependents (young and old-age) to every 100 of the working population.

The median age of 24 indicates that half of the entire population of Cebu are aged less than 24 and the other half are over the age of 24.

Youth Dependency Ratio: 51.91

Old Age Dependency Ratio: 7.36

Total Dependency Ratio: 59.27

Median Age: 23.86

Total Number of Registered voters (2019), was 3,082,621.
Language/dialect: Cebuano is the major language spoken in Cebu Province and Tagalog is also the common language.
Employment Rate: Among regions Central Visayas had an employment rate of 92.9 percent which is higher compared with the national estimate
Literacy Rate (Household Population 10 Years Old & Over) (2015): 98.6 %
Marital status (Household population 10 years old and over) (2015): Single individuals accounted for 994,896 people while married individuals were 893,240.
Source:
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2020, May 1). Cebu Province | PSA Central Visayas Website. Retrieved from rsso07.psa.gov.ph website: http://rsso07.psa.gov.ph/cebu
World Population Review. (2022). Cebu City Population 2020 (Demographics, Maps, Graphs). Retrieved from worldpopulationreview.com website: https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/cebu-city-population

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Contents

1. § Map

2. § Local government units

3. § Economy

4. § Demographics

5. § National Roads

6. § Notes

Type
province

Island group
Visayas

Region
Central Visayas (Region VII)

Highly urbanized cities

3

Cities

6

Municipalities

44

Barangays [note]

1,066

Coastal/Landlocked

coastal

Marine waterbodies

Visayan Sea, Camotes Sea, Cebu Strait, Tañon Strait

Area (2013) [note]

4,943.72 (1,908.78 km² sq mi)

Population (2020) [note]

3,325,385

Density (2020) [note]

673 (1,742 / km² / sq mi)

[note] Figures exclude highly urbanized cities

Cebu is a province in the Philippines situated in the Central Visayas region occupying the central section of the Visayas.

The province has a land area of 4,943.72 square kilometers or 1,908.78 square miles. Its population as determined by the 2020 Census was 3,325,385. This represented 41.15% of the total population of the Central Visayas region, 16.16% of the overall population of the Visayas island group, or 3.05% of the entire population of the Philippines. Based on these figures, the population density is computed at 673 inhabitants per square kilometer or 1,742 inhabitants per square mile.

Map

Cebu is bordered, clockwise from the North, by the Visayan Sea, Camotes Sea, Cebu Strait, and Tañon Strait.

details

Local government units

Cebu has 44 municipalities and 6 cities. The total number of barangays in the province is 1,066. Commonly grouped with the province are 3 highly urbanized cities, namely, Cebu City, which serves as the provincial capital, Mandaue and Lapu-Lapu.

details

Name

Type

Population (2020)

Population (2015)

Annual Population Growth Rate (2015‑2020)

Area (2013), in km²

Density (2020), per km²

Brgy count

Cebu Total

3,325,385

2,938,982

2.63%

4,943.72

673

1,066

Economy

The annual regular revenue of Cebu for the fiscal year of 2016 was ₱ 3,068,242,643.24.

details

Demographics

Population by age group

According to the 2015 Census, the age group with the highest population in Cebu is 5 to 9, with 509,058 individuals. Conversely, the age group with the lowest population is 80 and over, with 34,799 individuals.

details

Age group

Population (2015)

Age group percentage

Youth Dependency Ratio: 51.91

Old Age Dependency Ratio: 7.36

Total Dependency Ratio: 59.27

Median Age: 23.86

Historical population

The population of Cebu grew from 581,804 in 1903 to 3,325,385 in 2020, an increase of 2,743,581 people over the course of 117 years. The latest census figures in 2020 denote a positive growth rate of 2.63%, or an increase of 386,403 people, from the previous population of 2,938,982 in 2015.

details

Census date

Population

Growth rate

The total number of registered voters or electorate in Cebu for the year 2019 was 3,082,621.

National roads

As of December 2016, the National Roads in Cebu are:

Primary Roads

AC Cortes Avenue

Cebu North Hagnaya Wharf Road

Cebu-Toledo Wharf Road (Uling-Toledo Wharf)

Mandaue Flyover

Mandaue-Mactan Road

N. Bacalso Avenue (Cebu South Road)

Naga-Uling Road

Pajo-Basak Marigondon Road

UN Avenue (CB)

Secondary Roads

Antonio y De Pio Highway

Cansaga Bay Bridge

Carcar-Barili Road

Carcar-Barili-Mantayupan Road

Cebu South Coastal Road

Cebu-Balamban Transcentral Highway

Cebu-Toledo Wharf Road (Junction Naga-Uling)

Consolacion-Tayud-Liloan Road

Mactan Airport Road

Mactan Circumferential Road

Mandaue Causeway (Ouano Avenue)

Marcelo B Fernan Viaduct

Marcelo B. Fernan Br. & Approaches

Santander-Barili-Toledo Road

Terminal Bldg. Access Road

Toledo-Pinamungahan-Aloguinsan-Mantalongon Road

Toledo-Tabuelan-San Remigio Road

Tertiary Roads

Argao-Moalboal Road

Argao-Ronda Road

AS Fortuna Street

Barili-Mantayupan Road

Bogo-Curva-Medellin-Daanbantayan-Maya Road

Bogo-Polambato Wharf Road

Canduman-Cebu North Road

Cebu North Hagnaya Wharf Road (Old Route)

Dalaguete-Mantalongon Badian Road

F. Cabahug Street

Ferry Landing Road

Hernan Cortes Street

M. Logarta Road

Marcelo B. Fernan Br. access Road to and from Mini Park

ML Quezon Street

Opon-Airport Road

Pinamungahan Cadre Road

Sibonga-Dumanjug Road

Sogod-Tabuelan Road

Subang Daku Flyover

Tabunok Flyover

Tapal (Carcar) Zaragosa-Olango-Aloguinsan Road

Notes

1. Unless otherwise specified, population count (excluding percentages) and land area figures are derived from the Philippine Statistics Authority.

2. Data on registered voters is from the Commission on Elections.

3. Maps utilize OpenStreetMap data available under the Open Data Commons Open Database License.

4. Data on National Roads is from the Department of Public Works and Highways.

(Back to top)

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Cebu is a province in the Central Visayas region (Region VII) of the Philippines. It has a population of 3,325,385 (2020 Census figures) distributed over 6 cities and 44 municipalities. The provincial capital is the highly urbanized City of Cebu.

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Table: 2018 to 2020 Economic Performance of Cebu Province | PSA Central Visayas Website

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2018 to 2020 Economic Performance of Cebu Province
Although the province of Cebu under Gov. Gwendolyn Garcia topped the list of provinces in the country with the highest net assets reaching P208.27 billion, the economy of Cebu Province declined by 8.9 percent in 2020. The total amount of goods and services produced by the province in 2020 was valued at PhP 348.2 billion, this represents a decline of 8.9 percent from the PhP 382.2 billion produce in 2019 while in 2018 it was valued at PhP 364.9 billion. (See Figure 1)
INDUSTRY/BUSINESSES:
The province economy is driven by the following industries:  Manufacturing, Wholesale and Retail Trade; Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles, and Real Estate and Ownership of Dwellings based on the 2018 to 2020 annual average share of 17.6 percent, 13.7 percent, and 11.5 percent respectively. In 2020, Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing maintained positive growth of 4.0 percent from 3.7 percent in 2019. Industry and Services posted negative growth of 17.9 percent and 5.5 percent respectively.
Services has the largest share of the province economy accounting to 57.8 percent. This is followed by Industry with 33.0 percent and Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing taking 9.2 percent. (See Figure 2). Wholesale and Retail Trade and Repair of Motor Vehicles and Motorcycles has the largest percentage share of 23.7 percent among Services. Aside from this, inflation rate last year (2021) resulted to 7.2
TOURISM: 8,260,913 visitor arrivals in 2019 - an increase of 15.24%
AGRICULTURE (Produce/ Crops): Major commodities shipped in/out of the port in containers, bags or as loose cargoes are: Rice, corn, coconut, sugercane, abaca, bananas, tobacco, rootcrops, flour, cement, feeds, steel projects, logs & lumbers, rattan & other forest products.
Source:
Philippine Statistics Authority. (2022, January 5). 2018 to 2020 Economic Performance of Cebu Province | PSA Central Visayas Website. Retrieved February 25, 2022, from rsso07.psa.gov.ph website: http://rsso07.psa.gov.ph/article/2018-2020-economic-performance-cebu-province
2019 Philippine Tourism Statistics. (2019). 2019 Philippine Tourism Statistics, Economic Analysis & Information Management Division. Retrieved from http://www.tourism.gov.ph/industry_performance/Dissemination_forum/2019_Tourism_Industry_Report.pdf

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2018 to 2020 Economic Performance of Cebu Province | PSA Central Visayas Website

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The Economy of Cebu Province declined by 8.9 percent in 2020

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Electricity: The state-run National Power Corporation, with a power generating capability of 517.7 mw, generates the electric requirements of the province, distributing it to three major electric firms: Visayan Electric Company (VECO), Mactan Electric Company (MECO), and the Cebu Electric Cooperative (CEBECO).
Water supply: is provided in the province by the Metropolitan Cebu Water District (MCWD), individually owned wells and independent water districts. MCWD serves about 30% of the province’s population while the privately-owned wells and independent water districts handle the remaining areas.
Communication: Cebu is the first province in the Philippines to have a complete telephone system. All of its 5 cities and 48 municipalities are provided with an efficient and advanced telephone system.  Cebu has wide range of media facilities. There are 7 local television channels, 3 cable TV stations, 20 FM and 13 AM radio stations and a variety of local, national and international newspapers.
Transportation: A total of 874,773 vehicles were registered in the past five years showing an annual increase of 21%.
Airports : Mactan-Cebu International Airport & 5 Feeder Airports
Sea Ports : Cebu International Port & 44 Domestic Ports National Roads:

Some primary roads are AC Cortes Avenue, Cebu North Hagnaya Wharf Road, Cebu-Toledo Wharf Road (Uling-Toledo Wharf), Mandaue Flyover, etc.

Secondary roads: Antonio y De Pio Highway, Cansaga Bay Bridge, Carcar-Barili Road, Carcar-Barili-Mantayupan Road, Cebu South Coastal Road, etc.

Source: Business Directory. (2022). Discover Utilities Companies in Cebu - Dun & Bradstreet. Retrieved from Dnb.com website: https://www.dnb.com/business-directory/company-information.utilities.ph.cebu.html
Official Gazette. (n.d). Executive Order No. 180, s. | GOVPH. Retrieved from Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines website: https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/1948/10/02/executive-order-no-180-s-1948/

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The island of Cebu, Philippines is considered an endemic and important bird area due to the presence of six restricted range species and two endemic bird species - the Cebu flowerpecker (Dicaeum quadricolor) and the black shama (Copsychus cebuensis). Cebu also harbours other significant wildlife, including the rediscovered Philippine bare-backed fruit bat (Dobsonia chapmani) and the threatened Cebu Cinnamon Tree.
Source: iNaturalist. (n.d.). Cebu Biodiversity. Retrieved March 5, 2022, from iNaturalist website: https://www.inaturalist.org/projects/cebu-biodiversity?tab=observations

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This collection project seeks to document biodiversity in Cebu, Philippines.

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From north to south, there are numerous stunning destinations that are worthy to be visited. Here are the most beautiful and extraordinary Cebu destinations you must visit:

Oslob

Bantayan Island

Malapascua Island

Kawasan Falls

Simala Shrine

Pescador Island

Sirao Flower Garden

Taboan Public Market

Temple of Leah

Fort San Pedro

Magellan’s Cross

Cebu Taoist Temple

Neri’s Ville Selfie Corner

The Pyramid

Basilica Minore del Santo Niño de Cebu

Source: Guide to the Philippines. (n.d.). Top 20 Things to See and Do in Cebu Philippines | Guide t... Retrieved from Guide to the Philippines website: https://guidetothephilippines.ph/articles/what-to-experience/cebu-tourist-spots-1

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However, diving is still considered the best way to witness huge dancing balls of millions of sardines. You can watch the schools of sardines closer as they congregate, move, glide through the water to evade predator fish like jacks and tuna.

If you wish to go diving in Moalboal, Pescador Island is the place to be. Accessible a few minutes by boat from Panagsama Beach, the island houses extensive reefs populated with jacks, sponges, lionfish, and more. Go on a Moalboal adventure in Cebu.

From pockets of pristine beaches perfect for swimming and lounging under the sun to the vibrant marine life down below, Moalboal has everything and more for the beach-lovers and ocean-lovers.

14. Explore Carnaza Island

Malapascua isn't the only thing worth seeing in Daanbantayan. One of the newest tourist spots in Cebu, Carnaza Island is two hours away from Malapascua and is a beautiful tourist destination in itself. Spanning 173 hectares, you won't run out of things to see on this turtle-shaped island.

Carnaza Island boasts mangrove swamps, lagoons, rolling hills, and forested terrain amid the Visayan Sea. The island's beautiful white sand beaches and crystal clear waters will entice you to take the plunge. There are also caves you can explore, and a cliff where you can catch bird's eye view of the island.

You should also check out the Skull Cave, where you can find an actual human skull. According to locals, the cave was used as a shelter for Japanese soldiers during World War 2. Sunsets are pretty dramatic here as well, as are nights when stars show up on the horizon unbridled.

When in Carnaza island, be sure to visit the Liog-Liog twin beach (akin to the Nacpan-Calitang Twin Beach in El Nido) and the secluded Kailina Beach.

Because Carnaza has only recently garnered attention, it's not crowded and commercialized. Kailina Beach, in particular, is an excellent swimming spot and a great place to commune with nature.

15. Check out Spanish Artifacts at Fort San Pedro

Cebu has a rich history. Luckily, structures that give us a glimpse of the past remain standing to this day. One such structure Fort San Pedro. This stone fort served as a military defense structure in Cebu during the Spanish occupation.

The original fort was made of wood; it was later replaced with stone in the 17th century to fight off Muslim raiders. The stone structure that still stands dates today to 1738 and is considered as the oldest triangular bastion fort in the Philippines.

Fort San Pedro is located in the pier area of Cebu City. It has two sides facing the sea and one side facing what is now called Plaza Independencia.

The three bastions of Fort San Pedro are named La Concepcion (southwest), Ignacio de Loyola (southeast), and San Miguel (northeast). The fourteen cannons that were mounted on those bastions are still there today.

Now, Fort San Pedro is a museum dedicated to preserving the legacy of the Spanish Government. You can find several artifacts, such as Spanish documents, sculptures, and paintings. Aside from perusing the exhibits, you can also have a picnic inside the fort or explore the walkways on the three bastions of Fort San Pedro.

16. Join a Birdwatching Tour in Olango Island

Olango Island is declared a wildlife sanctuary. It is endowed with a diverse coastal ecosystem; a large sandy beaches, coral reefs, and a mangrove forest that is recognized as the most extensive in the whole Cebu Province.

More impressive, this 4,482-hectare protected island is a flyway for migratory birds. If you visit from November to February, you can go birdwatching here where you will witness 97 species of birds flocking to the island.

Thanks to its hectares of mangroves and mudflats, Olango Island is one of the stops for migratory birds coming from Siberia and China, including several endangered species.

Commonly seen here are egrets, herons, terns, kingfishers, fly-eaters, and others. Birds can reach more than 40,000 during peak season, which starts from November through February. Be sure to drop by at sunrise or sunset for the best chances of seeing them, as they come out to feed during these hours.

17. Taste the Best Cebuano Street Food at Larsian

If you're looking for the ultimate Cebu food trip, don't pass up the opportunity to experience Larsian at Fuente Osmeña in Cebu City. Larsian is Cebu's 24 hours barbecue heaven. It is a market-style dining strip similar to a "dampa" where you pick your food and have it cooked for you.

The best part is that the food here is delightfully affordable. You can choose from several stalls that offer a wide selection of ready-to-grill fare.

You can go for different types of pork and chicken barbecue, or have grilled seafood such as squid. When you dine at Larsian, be sure to try the savory yet sweet Chorizo de Cebu.

Chorizo de Cebu is pork sausage made from lean ground pork, ground pork fat, sugar, anise liqueur, and several local spices. It has a distinctly red color because of the achuete seeds.

This mouthwatering local favorite is a must-try. Aside from barbecue, you can also taste local dishes such as "larang," a local fish stew that's perfect for chilly evenings.

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Top 20 Things to Do and Must-Visit Cebu Tourist Spots | Guide to the Philippines

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Find out the top tourist spots and activities in Cebu. From Kawasan Falls canyoneering, Temple of Leah, Sirao Garden, white sand beaches, and more!

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10 Most Powerful Tycoons from Cebu Province, Philippines

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1. Michel Lhuillier - Founder and chairman of the M Lhuiller Group of Companies
2. John Gokongwei - Has a conglomerate company, JG Summit Holdings Inc.

3. Erramon Aboitiz - President and Chief executive officer of the Aboitiz Equity Ventures Inc.,
4. Jack Gaisano - Director of Metro Retail Stores Group, Inc. (MRSGI)
5. Andrew Gotianun - Filipino businessman and investor who was best known for running Filinvest Development Corporation and East West Banking Corporation
6. Barbara Gothong Tan - President and CEO of A.D. Gothong Group, Barbara “Bambi” Gothong-Tan, heads the A.D. Gothong Manufacturing
7. Margaret Gaisano Ang - Has been a Director, Corporate Secretary, and Treasurer of MRSGI since 2003.
8. Bernie Liu - Founder of Penshoppe
9. Augusto Go - Son of the founder of Visayan Surety & Insurance Corp. Go also founded the University of Cebu and is the chairman of Toyota Cebu City
10. Danny Lua - Chairman and president of Cebu-based Philippine Spring Water Resources Inc. (PSWRI)
Source: Ladeza, S. (2021, December 3). 10 Most Powerful Tycoons who are from Cebu. Retrieved March 5, 2022, from Sugbo.ph website: https://sugbo.ph/2021/powerful-tycoons-cebu/

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Cebu is known for its white-sand beaches, crispy lechon, underwater activities and so much more. However, apart from the aforementioned, Cebu has a lot to offer, especially when it comes to the economy. It's not dubbed as the country's second-largest city in the country for nothing.

With that being said, enlisted below is the list of the movers and shakers from Cebu who have helped in shaping the economy of our country.

1. Michel Lhuillier

Dubbed as the country 'Pawnshop King,' Michel J. Lhuiller is a French-born businessman who has businesses in several industries; food and beverage, tourism, financial services, retail, and real estate, among others.

Photo by Jessie James Agan of JJAM Films

Michel Lhuillier is the founder and chairman of the M Lhuiller Group of Companies and acts as the chairman of Cebu Provincial Sports. He is also an honorary consul of France in Cebu.

2. John Gokongwei

John Robinson Lim Gokongwei Jr. is a businessman, investor, and philanthropist who has a conglomerate company, JG Summit Holdings Inc.

Source: Google

His businesses have extended far beyond Cebu, but he was born and raised in the Queen City of the South. Though he was born with a golden spoon, his father died when he was 13 making him peddle items to sell to make ends meet. He then engaged in trading as well which eventually led to his success in 1957.

Photo by Butch Bacaoco

3. Erramon Aboitiz

Currently the president and chief executive officer of the Aboitiz Equity Ventures Inc., he "transformed the once family-owned business into a publicly-listed conglomerate currently with more than 20,000 employees and, as of the first half of 2013, a consolidated net income of P11.9 billion."

He is the grandchild of the Aboitiz patriarch Don Ramon Aboitiz who holds a Bachelor of Science degree in Business Administration with a major in Accounting and Finance from Gonzaga University in Spokane, Washington.

4. Jack Gaisano

Jack S. Gaisano is a Director of Metro Retail Stores Group, Inc. (MRSGI). He previously held the position of Chairman and President from 2003 to 2011. He also served as Director for Vicsal Securities and Stock Brokerage, Inc. from 1989 to 2009.

He is currently the Chairman and President of Taft Property Venture Development Corporation, Midland Development Corporation and Vsec.com Inc. He sits as President and Vice Chairman of HTLand, Inc. He also holds directorship posts at Vicsal Development Corporation, Vicsal Investment, Inc., Pacific Mall Corporation and JV.Com. Holdings Inc.

Photo by Ruel Rosello

5. Andrew Gotianun

Andrew Lo Gotianum was a Filipino businessman and investor who was best known for running Filinvest Development Corporation and East West Banking Corporation. He was born in Cebu who was dubbed as the "child of Chinese immigrants who established a thriving trading business in Cebu."

After Andrew Gotianun passed in 2016, his wife became Chairman Emeritus and senior adviser to the Board of Directors.

Source: Google

6. Barbara Gothong Tan

President and CEO of A.D. Gothong Group, Barbara "Bambi" Gothong-Tan, heads the A.D. Gothong Manufacturing. Their group is involved in 15 15 diversified businesses in manufacturing, hospitality, real estate, foundations and healthcare.

Under its management also is the AD Gothong IT Center, an eight-story IT, tower fitted and designed for BPO offices, situated in the same area.

Photo by Allan Cuizon of SunStar

7. Margaret Gaisano Ang

Margaret Gaisano Ang has been a Director, Corporate Secretary, and Treasurer of MRSGI since 2003.

Another member of the famous Gaisano clan, she holds directorship posts at Vicsal Development Corporation, Taft Property Venture Development Corporation, Vicsal Securities and Stock Brokerage, Inc., Filipino Fund, Inc., Grand Holidays, Inc., Manila Water Consortium, Inc., and Maric Ventures, Inc.

Gaisano-Ang earned her Bachelor of Science degree in Commerce, major in Accounting (Cum Laude), from the University of San Carlos, and has completed several courses at the Institute of Corporate Directors.

Photo from Filipinofund.com.ph

8. Bernie Liu

To those who do not know, Bernie Liu is the founder of Penshoppe who started as "an architecture student who decided to venture into an informal business of designing and producing t-shirts for school and corporate giveaways using the modest-sized garment factory owned by his family. When he graduated and passed the board, he only briefly worked for the family's lumber business because he realized the potential of branded retail prompting him to return to their garments business."

Photo from Entrepreneur.com.ph

In 1986, he proposed to his parents to shift their garment manufacturing company into a fashion retail enterprise. Now, Penshoppe has over 800 stores around the world.

9. Augusto Go

Atty. Augusto "Gus" Go is the son of Manuel Gotianuy. Manuel is the founder of Visayan Surety & Insurance Corp. Go also founded the University of Cebu and is the chairman of Toyota Cebu City.

Photo from SunStar Cebu

In 1987, he was appointed as the vice mayor of Cebu City and was dubbed as "the man who makes education accessible to those who have less in life."

Photo from SunStar Cebu

10. Danny Lua

Currently, the chairman and president of Cebu-based Philippine Spring Water Resources Inc. (PSWRI), the Luas entered the business of hospitality as well through Bai Hotel.

Photo from The Freeman Facebook Page

Philippine Spring Water Resources Inc. (PSWRI) is the maker of bottled water brand Nature's Spring.

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10 Most Powerful Tycoons who are from Cebu

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Cebu is known for its white-sand beaches, crispy lechon, underwater activities and so much more. However, apart from the aforementioned, Cebu has a lot to offer, especially when it comes to the economy. It's not dubbed as the country's second-largest city in the country for nothing.

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1. One Philippine president hailed from Cebu.

Born in Cebu City, Vice President Sergio Osmeña became president on August 1, 1944, following the death of President Manuel L. Quezon.

2. One Philippine president died in Cebu.

On March 17, 1957, President Ramon Magsayay was on his way back to Manila after visiting Cebu City. Unfortunately, the “Mt Pinatubo,” a Douglas C-47 plane, carrying Magsaysay and 25 other people crashed on Mount Manunggal in the town of Balamban.

3. Cebu has the country’s smallest and oldest fort.

Fort San Pedro in Cebu City was built during the Spanish occupation to fend off local attackers. It later served as a bastion of resistance of Filipino revolutionaries in Cebu, barracks for American forces, a school, a refugee camp during World War II, and an army camp after the war.

4. One of the oldest schools in the Philippines and in Asia can be found in Cebu.

The history of the University of San Carlos (USC) can be traced back to the Jesuits-founded Colegio de San Ildefonso in 1595. It was closed in 1769 and re-opened in 1783 under the name Colegio-Seminario de San Carlos.

However, USC’s claim as the oldest existing school in the country and in Asia is disputed by the University of Santo Tomas (UST), established in Manila in 1611. UST argues that there is “no visble or clear link” between the Colegio de San Ildefonso and the USC.

5. Cebu once had a railway system.

The main track, stretching over 90 kilometers, linked the towns of Argao and Danao (which became a component city in 1961). Unfortunately, the railway system was heavily damaged during World War II
Source: DE LEON, A. (2014, August 6). Fast Facts: What you should know about Cebu. Retrieved March 5, 2022, from RAPPLER website: https://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/iq/65406-fast-facts-know-cebu/

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Fast Facts: What you should know about Cebu

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The province of Cebu celebrates its 445th founding anniversary on August 6

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Identified Deprivations: Burning of grasses and wastes, dumping wastes (plastics) in the water areas, increased use of technological advancements (phones, laptops) during the pandemic, increased use of private-owned motor vehicles
Chosen deprivation: Increased private vehicle ownership in the province

Why is private vehicle ownership increasing?

First, Cebu Province's population has boomed in recent years. Today the island is home to about 3,325,385 individuals, and this swells more individuals in the daytime to work, find, and do business. It's one of the busiest provinces in the Philippines, considering that it has opened its tourism and roads after Typhoon Odette.

Second, the market of vehicles target the young demographic of car buyers who are mostly included in the "millenial" generation who are mostly independent laborers. Thus, it entails them to invest in durable goods such as cars.

Third, there is a large share of middle class in the total population, which propels to the data that more people can afford to purchase their own cars.

Why is it important to address this issue?

In many ways, climate change and modern transportation go hand in hand. This phenomenon will further worsen the climate in the province and of the country (air pollution, increased emission of greenhouse gases, adds up to humidity) if authorities do not encourage a shift from the use of private to public vehicles (ferries, rail system) or other clean transportation (bikes, E-jeepneys)

Private cars cause significant health harm.

Relevant Scientific Findings about chosen deprivation:

Increased car ownership can negatively affect the environment:

it violates gas and energy balance in the atmosphere

depletes atmosphere, mineral resources, fresh water

destructs living organisms in road accidents

increased stress load traffic participants

reduces living space through exclusion of areas of territories

reduces biological productivity of landscape

The cons of this issue health impacts such as physical inactivity, obesity, death and injury from crashes, cardio-respiratory disease from air pollution, noise, community severance and climate change.

Car dependence is a potent example of an issue that ecological public health should address.

Technological Advancement with Positive Impacts to the issue: Car manufacturers are developing/promoting electric vehicles (E-jeepneys, E-shuttles) to address this issue

To reduce emissions in the transport sector through car sharing services, it is important to create an environment in which many more people could choose EV car sharing vehicles

It allows people to shift to public transportation while not contributing much to air pollution

It uses higher fuel efficient vehicle than other types of pubic vehicles, & has longer life cycle

Compared with traditional jeepney, E-jeepney is more cost-effective; has 87% lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions; does not produce smog; reduces air pollution and its associated health effects; and is more preferred by the majority of the riding public due to its safety, environment-friendly, and comfortable ride

Technological Advancements with Negative Impacts to the issue: Modernized diesel jeepney as a public vehicle

This is much expensive than electric vehicles and shorter life cycle

Emits higher greenhouse gas (GHG) than electric vehicles and diesel engines contribute to the production of ground-level ozone which damages crops, trees and other vegetation.

Thus, there is a better investment opportunity for the e-jeepney over the diesel jeepney as a recommended public transport compared to private-owned vehicles.

Sources: Margaret J. Douglas, Stephen J. Watkins, Dermot R. Gorman, Martin Higgins, Are cars the new tobacco?, Journal of Public Health, Volume 33, Issue 2, June 2011, Pages 160–169, https://doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdr032
Agaton, C. B., Guno, C. S., Villanueva, R. O., & Villanueva, R. O. (2019). Diesel or Electric Jeepney? A Case Study of Transport Investment in the Philippines Using the Real Options Approach. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 10(3), 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj10030051
Yedilbayev, Bauyrzhan & Kozhamkulova, Zhanna & Abdikul, Shinar & Tulebayeva, Nazym. (2019). New models of road transport system. E3S Web of Conferences. 135. 02011. 10.1051/e3sconf/201913502011.

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Common public utility vehicles in PH: (a) Traditional diesel jeepney; (b) Modernized diesel jeepney; (c) AC E-jeepney 

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Source: Agaton, C. B., Guno, C. S., Villanueva, R. O., & Villanueva, R. O. (2019). Diesel or Electric Jeepney? A Case Study of Transport Investment in the Philippines Using the Real Options Approach. World Electric Vehicle Journal, 10(3), 51. https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj10030051

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Identified Deprivations: inefficient consumption or collection strategy of water, aquaculture, water pollution due to industrial wastes, dumping of plastics of ordinary people in water areas (domestic sewage, etc.)
Chosen deprivation: Rapid collection of groundwater that leads to depletion of freshwater aquifer and salinity intrusion

Why is this phenomenon happening?

Groundwater is the largest source of usable, fresh water in the world. In many parts of the world, especially where surface water supplies are not available, domestic, agricultural, and industrial water needs can only be met by using the water beneath the ground. Thus, this tends to be overused when it is extracted faster than it can replenish itself.

Why is it important to address this issue?

Absent, inadequate, or inappropriately managed water and sanitation services expose individuals to preventable health risks.

Contaminated water can transmit diseases such diarrhoea, cholera, dysentery, typhoid, and polio. Contaminated drinking water is estimated to cause 485 000 diarrhoeal deaths each year.

Accounting for the biggest drop in MCWD’s water production is the 7,000 cu. m. of water per day lost to saltwater intrusion in a well in Consolacion of a private supplier.

“Saltwater intrusion is the biggest threat to water sources because it is irreversible” Once saltwater enters, people can no longer use it well.

If there is continuous diminish of clean water in the province people would have difficulty in accessing potable water that could lead to several health problems.

Relevant Scientific Findings about chosen deprivation:

With the continued groundwater abstraction exceeding the safe yield of the aquifers, excessive drawdowns and increased salinization have been observed in the area which is now causing alarm over the sustainability of groundwater resources.

If pumping is carried out under steady state conditions (i.e., constant head provided continuously by storage in the infiltration basin), discharge rate per well can be increased. In effect, the total number of production wells can be reduced considerably since change in aquifer saturated thickness does not represent a limiting factor under such conditions of withdrawal

Technological Advancement with Positive Impacts to the issue:

Rainwater harvesting (RWH) pumps is the most traditional and sustainable method, which could be easily used for potable and nonpotable purposes both in residential and commercial buildings. This could reduce the pressure on processed supply water which enhances the green living.

RWH system offers sufficient amount of water and energy savings through lower consumption. Moreover, considering the cost for installation and maintenance expenses, the system is effective and economical.

An important factor to keep the water quality at a high level is to divert the first flush before the water enters the storage tank

Large scale RWH with aquifer storage can be effective, even in urban areas with high urban density. This has already be demonstrated in for horticulture, but may also be applicable in urban areas.

Technological Advancements with Negative Impacts to the issue:

Groundwater collection pumps can lead to aquifer depletion from over pumping, subsidence, pollution, saltwater intrusion, and reduced water flow.

Groundwater overpumping can increase the gap between the rich and the poor, cause land to sink, and contaminate freshwater aquifers near coastal areas with saltwater

Based on research, nitrate presence and saltwater intrusion must be addressed as these result in the lowering of water supply due to the need to shut down contaminated wells.

Source: Sunstar Cebu. 2019. Saltwater prompts water supply drop. Viewed November 11, 2020. https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1819761/Cebu/Local-News/Saltwater-prompts-water-supply-in-Cebu-to-drop
Saline edge Sino Cruz, I.R. New chairman shows the path forward for MCWD. Cebu Daily News, Philippine Daily Inquirer. Viewed November 10, 2020. https://cebudailynews.inquirer.net/292838/new-chairman-shows-the-path-forward-for-mcwd
Dr.ir. J.A.M.H. Hofman, Dr.ir. M. Paalman. (2014). Rainwater harvesting, a sustainable solution for urban climate adaptation? Retrieved from https://edepot.wur.nl/345625
Mercado, J. 2011. Cebu’s aquifers running on empty. Philippine Daily Inquirer. Viewed November 10, 2020. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/44459/cebu%E2%80%99s-aquifers-running-on-empty