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Copernican Revolution, shift in the field of astronomy from a geocentric understanding of the universe, centred around Earth, to a heliocentric understanding, centred around the Sun, as articulated by the Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus in the 16th century. This shift marked the start of a broader Scientific Revolution that set the foundations of modern science and allowed science to flourish as an autonomous discipline within its own right.

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Nicolaus Copernicus, (born February 19, 1473, Toruń, Royal Prussia, Poland—died May 24, 1543, Frauenburg, East Prussia [now Frombork, Poland]), was a Renaissance polymath, active as a mathematician, astronomer, and Catholic canon, who formulated a model of the universe that placed the Sun rather than Earth at its center.

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The discoveries made during the Scientific Revolution with Brahe, Kepler, Galileo and Newton began with the thinking of Copernicus 150 years earlier. It is important to remember that for most of the time between Ptolemy and Copernicus, people were as certain about the structure of the solar system as we are about the fundamental science of our universe today. As observations get more complex and old models fail, a new idea will inevitably come about to address the issue, as was the case with Copernicus and the scientists that follow him. What we get from Copernicus, and the development of similarly revolutionary theories today, is that the way we perceive our relationship to the universe through science is never static, despite our certainty. In 2009, NASA launched the Kepler spacecraft, which has discovered over one
hundred earth-like planets around distant stars that exist in what are known as the Goldilocks zone, regions with just the right conditions for life. It is estimated that there could be as many as 40 billion habitable Earth-like planets in the galaxy (Overbye). As the Kepler spacecraft gathers more information about extrasolar planets, society may begin to rethink its role in the context of the universe, as it did during the Copernican Revolution.

https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/younghistorians/2014/oralpres/11

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In “Six Books Concerning the Revolutions of the Heavenly Orbs,” Copernicus’ groundbreaking argument that Earth and the planets revolve around the sun led him to make a number of other major astronomical discoveries. While revolving around the sun, Earth, he argued, spins on its axis daily. Earth takes one year to orbit the sun and during this time wobbles gradually on its axis, which accounts for the precession of the equinoxes. Major flaws in the work include his concept of the sun as the center of the whole universe, not just the solar system, and his failure to grasp the reality of elliptical orbits, which forced him to incorporate numerous epicycles into his system, as did Ptolemy. With no concept of gravity, Earth and the planets still revolved around the sun on giant transparent spheres.

In his dedication to De revolutionibus–an extremely dense scientific work–Copernicus noted that “mathematics is written for mathematicians.” If the work were more accessible, many would have objected to its non-biblical and hence heretical concept of the universe. For decades, De revolutionibus remained unknown to all but the most sophisticated astronomers, and most of these men, while admiring some of Copernicus’ arguments, rejected his heliocentric basis.

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In 1859, there was a groundbreaking revolution in both the scientific and religious realms: the origin of species, authored by Charles Darwin, was published. The book changed how people approach biology forever, and has fundamental impacts on modern science, religion, and other aspects of the society.
http://web.colby.edu/continuingrevolutions/2016/11/03/the-darwinian-revolution/#:~:text=In%201859%2C%20there%20was%20a,other%20aspects%20of%20the%20society.

https://biologywise.com/charles-darwin-theory-of-evolution/amp

https://www.kobo.com/ww/en/ebook/the-origin-of-species-44

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His full name is Charles Robert Darwin, (born February 12, 1809, Shrewsbury, Shropshire, England—died April 19, 1882, Downe, Kent), English naturalist whose scientific theory of evolution by natural selection became the foundation of modern evolutionary studies.

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Charles Darwin and his evolution theory made a huge impact on science and society. Before Darwin’s theory, there were many weak evolution theories. By publishing one single book, Charles Darwin started a revolution, the one named after him. Even though he might not be the one who originally thought of this particular concept, however, by accumulating his thoughts and results in that book, he challenged the basic stereotype of the human origin. In doing so, he was also challenging very widely held beliefs in religion, science and other aspects of society. Such has been the impact of the Darwinian Revolution that if you now ask somebody to think of evolution, that person might think of many things but definitely, one would be the very famous image depicting how man slowly and gradually evolved. The historical book was published in 1859, yet its impact can still be seen in 2016. This shows that all revolutions are not sudden. They take their own time to develop and integrate themselves within the society.

http://web.colby.edu/continuingrevolutions/tag/darwinian-evolution/

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1749-1844: Early Evolutionists

Even before Charles Darwin is born, a handful of naturalists in England and France--including Comte de Buffon, Erasmus Darwin, and Jean-Baptiste Lamarck, among others--publish books promoting the idea that species are related by descent. But no one can explain convincingly how evolution works.

1802: A Watch, a Watchmaker

In Natural Theology, or, Evidences of the Existence and Attributes of the Deity, William Paley argues that just as the workings of a watch are evidence of purposeful design by a watchmaker, complex living organisms are evidence of design by an intelligent Creator.

1859: Darwin's Origin

Charles Darwin publishes On the Origin of Species, putting forward his theory of evolution by natural selection.

1860: The "Great Debate"

Based on his belief in special creation, Bishop Samuel Wilberforce leads an attack on Darwin's theory at a meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science, held at Oxford University Museum. Two of England's most influential scientists, Thomas Huxley and Joseph Hooker, fiercely support Darwin's work. Both sides claim victory.

1863-1871: Humans, Too

Thomas Huxley's Evidence on Man's Place in Nature, and Charles Darwin's The Descent of Man explicitly apply evolution to humans.

1850s-1920s: Social Darwinism

Social theorists begin to apply Darwin's theory to human social institutions, claiming that governments should allow the "fittest" in societies to succeed and the "unfit" to decline. Ultimately this thinking leads some to espouse eugenics, in which the state intervenes in human breeding to create a "superior race." Darwin distances himself from this thinking.

1882: Death of Darwin

Charles Darwin dies and is buried with honor in Westminster Abbey, a few feet away from Sir Isaac Newton. Darwin's funeral is attended by England's leading politicians, scientists, and clergy.

https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/darwin/evolution-today/controversies-timeline

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Freudian revolution is a term referring to Sigmund Freud's ideas or methods, particularly his theories on how people's hidden thoughts and feelings influence their behavior, particularly in relation to the origins and treatment of neurotic and psychopathic states, dream interpretation, and so on.

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Sigmund Freud, (born May 6, 1856, Freiberg, Moravia, Austrian Empire [now Příbor, Czech Republic]—died September 23, 1939, London, England), Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis.
https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sigmund-Freud

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Sigmund Freud made possible the collection of reliable data about man's inner life. The scientific hypotheses he formulated about these formed the initial version of psychoanalysis. Many of these first thoughts have had to be revised in the light of subsequent scientific findings about the operations of the central nervous system, but even these refuted propositions often had much heuristic value. Despite the passage of a whole century, many Freudian hypotheses have retained their scientific standing. Most important among these was Freud's realization that human thought is usually unconscious. His understanding of the role of the automatic repetition of basic patterns of behavior, of the fateful consequences of early childhood emotional vicissitudes in structuring enduring mental dispositions, and of the distinction between two distinct modes of thinking are the most significant among his many contributions.

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11919379/

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Critical Evaluation
Is Freudian psychology supported by evidence? Freud's theory is good at explaining but not at predicting behavior (which is one of the goals of science). For this reason, Freud's theory is unfalsifiable - it can neither be proved true or refuted. For example, the unconscious mind is difficult to test and measure objectively. Overall, Freud's theory is highly unscientific.
For instance, the particular notion that all humans are destined to exhibit Oedipus and Electra complexes.