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Odysseus' ordinary world is "on the peaked sea-mark of Ithaca" (Homer 562). The epic hero and protagonist lives in Ithaca with his wife, Penelope, and son, Telemachus.

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Odysseus did not want to fight in the war; however, Athena convinced him to sail to Troy and use his intelligence to defeat the Trojans.

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Athena had Polyphemus bring in the sheep "by some sheepherding whim... none were left outside" (Homer 569). Circe was a mentor to Odysseus "Circe informs him that in order to reach home he must ... consult the blind prophet Tiresias" (Homer 576). Tiresias tells Odysseus his destiny "anguish lies ahead" (Homer 579).

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Crossing the Threshold (The Land of the Dead)

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Crossing the Threshold (The Land of the Dead)

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Odysseus crossed the threshold and entered into the "new world" in The Land of the Dead. The goddess Circe told him to go to Hades and "... consult the blind prophet Tiresias" to find out his destiny (Homer 576). During this episode, the reader learns that Odysseus violated the Greek value of death for leaving "Elpenor, of our company,... unburied" (Homer 577).

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Odysseus reached the coast of CIcones and he "stormed that place and killed the men who fought plunder we took and enslaved the women" (Homer 562). Hospitality was definitely not shown. The Ciconians grew very angry considering Odysseus and his men came in and ruined their home.

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Odysseus showed leadership and intelligence in this episode because he "sent out two picked men and a runner... they fell in, soon enough with lotus eaters" (Homer 564). Odysseus only sent three men in to figure out the land so he wouldn't lose all of his men if the island was a threat.

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Hospitality was shown to the cyclops when Odysseus gave him "...twelve two handled jars of bandy..." (Homer 565). Polyphemus brought all of the sheep in one day thanks to Athena. Odysseus stabbed his eye to blind him and then hid under the sheep when he was letting them out so they could escape.

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Island of Aeolia (encounter with Aeolus)

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Island of Aeolia (encounter with Aeolus)

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In this episode Aeolus gifts Odysseus "... a sack containing all the winds except for the favorable west wind" (Homer 576). Aeolus warns Odysseus and his men not to open the sack which of course Odysseus' men don't listen and send them all the way back to the Laestrygonians.

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The Laestrygonians " ...a race of cannibals ... destroy all of Odysseus' ships" (Homer 576). The end up reaching the Laestrygonians they destroy all the ships but the one odysseus is on considering he's the only one that needs to make it home.

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After Odysseus got Circe on his side "The goddess reveals his course to him and gives advice on how to avoid the dangers he will face" (Homer 580). Circe explains to Odysseus how to avoid the dangers he will face and how to strengthen self control.

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Helios was used "... for a burning heat" (Homer 582). Odysseus gave the men strict instruction to tie him to the mast and if he struggled or wanted off to tie him tighter. The men had wax over their ears so they couldn't hear the sirens however Odysseus needed to hear it to strengthen his self restraint.

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Circe helped warn Odysseus what was coming and what to do, but Odysseus said "Zeus help us pull away before we founder" (Homer 583). When they came to Scylla and Charybdis they went towards Scylla because according to Circe they would lose a max of six people whereas if they went towards charybdis the whole crew would've died.

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Odysseus finally escaped Calypso after he had "... been detained long by Calypso loveliest among goddesses" (Homer 562). After escaping Zeus created a storm that took them all the way to the coast of the Cicones.

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Allies (The Phaecians, Telemachus, Eumaeus)

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Allies (The Phaecians, Telemachus, Eumaeus)

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The Phaecians helped him reach home "... young Phaeacian noblemen conduct him home by ship" (Homer 595). Telemachus was Odysseus' biggest fan "O father, all my life your fame as a fighting man has echoed in my ears" (Homer 598).  Eumaeus is also an ally to Odysseus so "Telemachus, Eumaeus, and other faithful herdsmen kill all the suitors" (Homer 612).

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Antinous is one of the suitors that killed all of Odysseus' cows, tried to kill his son and tried to steal his wife "Antinous hit me for being driven by hunger" (Homer 604)

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Zeus is involved in Cattle of the sun god and he sent "a giant wind ... from heaven" (Homer 585). Helios is also involved in the episode he is the god "who cherishes his heifers and his sheep" (Homer 586). The greek value hospitality was violated "we'll cut out the noblest of these cattle" (Homer 586). Killing cows is not hospitable.

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Odysseus asks for help from apollo to make the shot to prove to Penelope it was actually him "'Now watch me hit a target that no man has hit before,
if I can make this shot. Help me, Apollo'” (Homer 609). Odysseus calls the suitors out on violating the greek value hospitality “'You yellow dogs, you thought I’d never make it home from the land of Troy. You took my house to plunder … You dared bid for my wife while I was still alive. Contempt was all you had for the gods who rule wide heaven, contempt for what men say of you hereafter. Your last hour has come. You die in blood'” (Homer 610).

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A lot of things happen during Odysseus' absence all thanks to Polyphemus and Poseidon "Athena ... informs him of the situation at home. Numerous suitors ... have been continuously seeking the hand of his wife" (Homer 595). Not only is Odysseus arriving to suitors trying to steal his wife, they ate all his livestock and are trying to kill his son Telemachus.

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In the end Odysseus was rewarded by reaching home, reuniting with his son and "...his dear wife, clear and faithful, in his arms" (Homer 616).

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Odysseus is considered an epic hero for his role as King of Ithaca, his participation in the war, and his difficult journey home. He continuously shows intelligence, courage, and leadership. He shows intelligence in a couple of circumstances, he tells the cyclops his name is nohbdy and he also he also says to the Cyclops "''My ship? Poseidon Lord, who sets the earth a-tremble, broke it up on the rocks at your land's end'" (Homer 567).  He shows courage by insulting Antious even while he was lower class "'You sit here, fat on others' meat, and cannot bring yourself to rummage out a crust of bread for me!'" (Homer 603). Odysseus shows leadership by "[Cheering his] men along with battle talk to keep their courage up" (Homer 571). Another way he showed Intelligence is when he "sent out two picked men and a runner to learn what ... that land sustained" (Homer 564). Sending only a few of your men definitely shows Intelligence because you don't risk losing all your men if the land is a threat.