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Group #13 (Auriana Gharibshahi and Julian Son)

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Group #13 (Auriana Gharibshahi and Julian Son)

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The Past, Present, and Future:

Olympic History

Red, blue, black, yellow, and green. These are the 5 colors of the modern day Olympic Rings. However, it wasn’t like this before. Why? Because civilizations didn’t have the technology and knowledge as us. But, that’s not the only thing that was different from the creators of the Olympics. Our competitions, both gender activities, and competitors were so different. To understand where we are right now, we have to start from the beginning of the Olympics...

We’ll start in 776 B.C.E. At this time, there was no advanced technology for people to make sense of the world, so they used religion. A lot of these religions included celebrations, parties, and temples. The Olympic Games were seen as a celebration to the Greek gods. The Greeks took it into their own hands to make a game to honor the king of gods, Zeus, and also create a sport that people will compete in. However, we don’t know exactly who or when the Olympic Games were founded. Heracles or Pelops were suggested to have founded the games, however historians are not sure. However, everyone agrees that the Olympic sport was celebrated every four years at Olympia.

The first two events added to the Olympics were wrestling and foot races. Coroebus was the first ever recorded person to be named the winner of the Olympics, as he completed a foot race. As his prize, he won an olive branch, not the most valuable prize, but the honor of the winner was more important than the prize. Later on, new sports were added. Around 680 B.C.E, chariot racing was added as a sport in the Olympics. In 490 B.C.E, the 40 kilometer run was added to supposedly commemorate the Pheidippides who was said to have ran that much to Athens to share the news about the Greek’s victory over the Persians.

When Greece was overrun by Rome in 140 B.C.E, the olympics still took place, however they were performed with less quality, and less effort.Sn example would be in 67 C.E, Emperor Nero wanted to participate in the Olympic chariot races. And even though he fell off his chariot, he still declared himself the winner.

When Emperor Theodosius banned all pagan festivals, the Olympic tradition was ended for about 12 centuries.

Thanks to Baron pierre de Coubertin, the tradition was again founded and was going to be known as the modern Olympics. In only two years of preparation and permission, Baron Pierre de Coubertin made the Olympics the international athletic sport we all are familiar with today to be held in Athens, Greece. This marked the first modern olympic games! More than 60,000 people came to watch 280 men from 13 nations compete in 43 events, like gymnastics, swimming, wrestling, cycling, tennis, weight lifting, pistol shooting, and more. The first time the Olympic games were held outside of Greece was in 1924, when it was held in Paris. This time, more than 3,000 athletes (about 100 of them were women) came from 44 nations to compete in the Olympics. About a century later, we are still hosting the Olympics, however there are now changes. You can’t expect something to last this long and not have changes, can you? For example, did you know that Olympics that were hosted had to be performed naked? There is so much more that was changed, read on to find out a lot about the modern, and ancient Olympics.

Differences and similarities vary, especially those of the ancient Olympics and the modern Olympics. Throughout many years, the Olympic games have changed significantly, from style to sports, and much more. For more of a general view, the sports played during ancient Olympics were the following: running, long jump, shot put, javelin, boxing, pankration and equestrian events, compared to the sports played in modern Olympic games: baseball, basketball, softball, tennis, gymnastics, boxing, wrestling, karate, judo, swimming, surfing, volleyball, weightlifting, fencing, soccer, sport climbing, golf, skateboarding, rowing, archery, taekwondo, triathlon, badminton, athletics, table tennis, pentathlon (modern), shooting, water polo, ice hockey, diving, handball artistic swimming, 3x3 basketball, beach volleyball, curling, figure skating, speed skating, bobsleigh, field hockey, snowboarding, luge, alpine skiing, biathlon, track and field, cricket, track cycling, sailing, ski jumping, short track speed skating, breakdancing, and finally, nordic combined. Just from what meets the eye, anyone can tell that there’s a significant difference between the sports that were played during ancient times and modern-day Olympics. However, this is where it only starts.

Religion and beliefs were a big part of the ancient Olympics, in fact, the games were a part of a religious festival, honoring Zeus, which we all know as the father of all gods and goddesses. However, through the many years of changing, the modern Olympic games are extremely secular, meaning that they are very strict about the rejection of anything related to religion in the process of the Olympic games.

During the games of the ancient times, only free men were allowed to participate in the games. Back then discrimination was a big problem, but, again, the games have changed significantly, and now any amateur is allowed to participate (with age requirements). Furthermore, discrimination in race, religion, and political associations are strictly forbidden.

As we all know, clothes have been changed for years now, and the clothes we have today were evolved from clothes back then. This also applies to the Olympic games, as the men in ancient Olympic games were forced to compete completely naked. Now, in the modern Olympic games, the participants wear light clothing.

Time was a big part of the Olympic games too, or in other words, how long the games lasted. During the ancient times, the games lasted about 5 days, while games in modern times last no more than 16.

Although the Olympic games have indeed changed significantly through the years, some things still have stayed the same. For example, all games from both time periods were held every 4 years and held in towns or cities, only cancelled during wars.

Even though the Olympic games are very old, its unique way of bringing nations together has helped humans a lot. Not only for entertainment, but also for technology, unity, and social status.

Sources:

First story: (Auriana)

https://online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=15110&itemid=WE49&articleId=224375

https://www.history.com/topics/sports/olympic-games

https://online.infobase.com/Auth/Index?aid=15110&itemid=WE49&articleId=223461

Second story: (Julian)

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFUS9pmqJhU
Credits: Martin Besmer, Eliza Wheaton, Karen Martinez, Kate Martenez, Kelly Jeong Group 10

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https://anchor.fm/greta-jones/episodes/Broadcast-e10t7jq

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By Dailyn P, Joel Z, Hudson E, and April K. :D <3

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Olympics Project John Joo - Michael Phelps Article

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Olympics Project John Joo - Michael Phelps Article

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This is the link to the google docs: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1CSYEb5hRY7tlBOAxiM2CNAdTgUQJzat8glrgab1Jzz8/edit?usp=sharing

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New Olympic Sports Chosen: What makes them special? Finn Jasmann ***

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New Olympic Sports Chosen: What makes them special? Finn Jasmann ***

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New Olympic Sports Chosen: What makes them special?

Four new sports have been selected to be played in the 2021 Olympics, but what makes these sports special compared to other sports that have been wanted for years? It all comes down to three basic rules. 1: The IOC must acknowledge the activity as a sport, 2: It must be practiced by men in at least 75 countries, and women in 45, and 3: Must require physical ability to some extent.

Information from: Editors of Britannica, “How Are Sports Chosen for the Olympics?”

How do these rules apply to the four new inclusions, or the many sports that are wanted by viewers? The four sports making their Olympic debut are Karate, Breakdancing, Surfing, and Sport Climbing. Each of these is recognized as a sport, by the IOC (International Olympic Committee).

Information from: IOC, “Sports Governed by International Federations Recognised by the International Olympic Committee” at https://olympics.com/ioc/recognised-international-federations,

Karate, breakdancing, surfing, and climbing all have at least 75 countries in which both men and women practice these sports. (192, ?, 108, 140 respectively). Do they require physical ability? Yes, all of the sports require movement, that is somewhat propelled by the competitor.

Now that we know these rules are followed for the new sports, are there any other possibilities for the future? How about chess, or car racing? These sports don’t require physical ability. Or football? This sport is definitely athletic but only a handful of countries play. How about golf, one of the most requested sports? This is not considered a sport by the IOC.

Even with these rules some sports are left unexplained, like bowling, who has been rejected time, and time again. We may never know why, or the rules might change allowing it to be included, all we can do is wait, watch, and wonder.

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The History of Olympics

The Olympics started in ancient Greece in 776 B.C., when a cook named Coroebus won the only event- a 192 meter foot race- to become the Olympic champion. However, it’s generally believed that the Games had been going on for many years before that time. Heracles, son of Zeus and the mortal woman, Alcmene, founded the games, which by the end of the 6th century B.C., it became the most famous of all Greek sporting festivals. It was held every four years, between August 6 and September 19 during religious festivals honoring Zeus. The word “Olympics” was named for their location at Olympia, a sacred site located near the western coast of the Peloponnese peninsula in Southern Greece.

After 13 Olympiads, two more races joined the stade as Olympic events. Participating in the ancient Olympic Games was initially limited to freeborn male citizens of Greece; and there were no women’s events, and married women were prohibited from attending the competition. After the Roman Empire conquered Greece in the mid-2nd century B.C., the Games continued, but their standards and quality declined. In one notorious example from A.D. 67, the decadent Emperor Nero entered an Olympic chariot race, only to disgrace himself by declaring himself the winner even after he fell off his charit. In 393 A.D. Emperor Theodosius called for a ban on all ‘pagan’ festivals, ending the Olympic tradition after nearly 12 centuries.

After 1,500 years, the Games rose again, thanks to the efforts of Baron Pierre de Coubertin of France. He became inspired by the idea of creating a modern Olympic Games after visiting the ancient Olympic site. In November 1892, Coubertin proposed the idea of reviving the Olympics and two years later, he got the approval he needed. Since then, there have been winter games held every four years.

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#20 Shepard K. *               How the Cold War affected the Olympics in 1980 and 1984

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#20 Shepard K. *               How the Cold War affected the Olympics in 1980 and 1984

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During the 80’s, the Cold War was raging between the United States and the Soviet Union. Coincidently, both Los Angeles and Moscow wanted to host the summer Olympics of 1980. This would cause a chain reaction of military campaigns and boycotts all with the hope to spite  the other country. In this article I will explain how these Olympics games added fuel to the fire of the already raging Cold War and how it affected the rest of the world.

Moscow was chosen to hold the 1980 summer Olympics, but had just started its invasion of Afghanistan which the United States condemned. Naturally, this enraged the United States and its allies. The United States demanded that if Soviet troops weren’t taken out of Afghanistan it would boycott the Olympics. What was once a competition to bring people and countries together was now causing a rift between the world’s two superpowers to get even larger.

Since the United States was in a Cold War with the Soviet Union it felt that it couldn’t attend the games and had to protest or try to sabotage any chance that the Soviet Union had at hosting a successful Olympics. As well as wanting to protest the Soviet Union hosting the 1980 Olympics, many countries including the United States worried for their athletes safety in what they viewed as a hostile environment. The United States led a boycott of 65 countries choosing not to participate in the 1980 Olympic games as well as many countries not participating in the opening ceremony or participating under the Olympic flag and no their own countries. If a country's flag is hoisted at the Olympics it shows that the country attends and supports those Olympics.

The boycott caused the Soviet Union to lose quite a lot of money. They had spent billions to make the city nice for tourists and build venues. Many of the citizens of boycotting countries did not attend the games. This resulted in the Soviets losing significant sums of money in order to make everything nice so tourists would spend money. The Soviets ended up losing about 800 million dollars.

Even though the Soviets had their Olympics boycotted and lost tons of money they still continued the war in Afghanistan, not caving to the peer pressure of other nations.

Naturally, the Soviet Union felt that it had to retaliate for the U.S. leading a boycott on it’s Olympics. With the 1984 Olympics being held in L.A., the Soviey Union saw it’s perfect chance for retaliation.

The Soviets decided to lead their own boycott on the 1984 Olympics in America. While not nearly as successful as the 1980 boycott the Soviets still convinced 13 other countries to boycott the 1980 Olympics as well as 3 other countries who boycotted for their own reasons and not because of the Soviet Union.

Where only 80 nations participated in the 1980 Olympics, despite the Soviet led boycott, 140 nations still participated in the summer Olympics.

L.A. also didn’t lose money on the Olympics. They spent multiple billions more than the Soviets did on their Olympics, but ended up with a profit of over 200 million dollars. That’s more than 500 million in today’s dollars!

In conclusion, both countries turned these once great games into political tools, exploiting what was once a sacred tradition to advance a political agenda. The Olympics are meant to bring countries together, not tear them apart. That is how these once great games were used to further the political agenda of the two superpowers during the Cold War.

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Ancient Olympics: Charioteering

Imagine driving a rickety vehicle while horses with no proper horse collar run at full hurdle; this was charioteering in ancient Greece. The four-horse race alone had the horses run almost 9 miles in possibly the most dangerous Olympic sport of all time.

Olympics History

Before knowing about a specific sport, you should have background knowledge of the Olympics. Archaeologists believe the Olympics started in 776 BCE. The myth of Heracles (or Hercules) states that he was either a founder or his win over Pelops in a chariot race caused the people to make the games in his honor. The Olympic Games lasted for 5 days every 4 years. The third day of the games was on the eve of the full moon. The first day started with sacrifices and gifts to the gods. On the second day, horse and chariot races were held in the 689-foot-long arena. The boys' events were held on day three, followed by a large parade to the Temple of Zeus, an offering of oxen, and public feasting. The fourth day was dedicated to races and competitive sports such as wrestling and boxing. On the final day, there was additional feasting and the victors were crowned with olive wreaths. This was to come to a close. Approximately 391 BCE, the Roman emperor Theodosius I prohibited all pagan belief systems and sacrifices, and by the end of the fourth century, games were still forbidden. The Olympics were not able to exist without the religious component. Olympia was destroyed by earthquakes in the sixth century and was eventually abandoned and forgotten. It was rediscovered in the 18th century, inspiring a new recreation of the games as a sporting competition, the first of which took place in Athens in 1896. The ancient stadium was excavated from 1829 to the 1950s, and it was restored in 1961.

Hippodromes

Hippodromes were ancient Greek stadiums for horse racing and chariot racing. No hippodrome has been preserved because it was not a permanent structure and instead uneven agricultural land. The track was around 600 yards long, with no fence between the turning posts. This design choice led to countless accidents that crowds loved. Aeschylus, the poet, depicts horses piling on horses and chariots piling on chariots. According to Pindar, a single chariot finished out of 41 in one race, although modern studies imply that no more than 10 chariots begin a race. The races were in some ways, more of a show than a contest.

Different Race Categories

The four-horse race was the first equestrian race in the Olympics, starting in Olympia at 680 BCE. The four horses ran side by side, with only the first two hitched to the chariot. The horses wore a bridle and bit, but no horse collar. The driver would wear a long robe, evident by the Charioteer of Delphi; the bronze victory statue. The chariot, however, only had 4 spokes in the wheels. The two-horse chariot race was added later on. In the mule cart race, contrary to the traditions of Olympia, the driver stood naked. However dangerous or silly it may sound, Pindar, the lyric poet, described it as a worthy event. Another chariot event was the kalpe. The kalpe was a race where the driver got off from the chariot to run with the horses at some point. The Greeks raced horses bareback, without stirrups.  The jockeys were usually small slave boys who, unlike mule cart drivers, wore clothing. The ancient jockeys did not win the Olympic award because, as with chariot racing, this honor was bestowed upon the master rather than the slave or hired hand. As a result, wealthy owners (including women) could win in civilian court at Olympia and elsewhere in Greece. Equestrian competitions, especially the four-horse chariot race, were expensive tournaments that could only be afforded by wealthy people or cities accumulating their money. The four-horse chariot race gave victors political power and city-state rivalries like the one between Athens and Sparta.

Sources:

Crowther, Nigel B. "Greek Equestrian Sports." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, ABC-CLIO, 2021, ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1498424. Accessed 1 May 2021.

Hutchinson, Jennifer. "Olympic Events." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, ABC-CLIO, 2021, ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1262171. Accessed 1 May 2021.

Crowther, Nigel B. "Women and Greek Sports." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, ABC-CLIO, 2021, ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/1498569. Accessed 1 May 2021.

Davidson, Linda Kay. "Olympia." World History: Ancient and Medieval Eras, ABC-CLIO, 2021, ancienthistory.abc-clio.com/Search/Display/587461. Accessed 1 May 2021.

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Tokyo’s 2021 Olympic Games Aim to Create a More Sustainable World

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Olympics article: "America's Basketball Dream Team"

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Olympics news report : Amercia's basketball dream team

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Young Female Athletes Who Achieved Great Heights

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Young Female Athletes Who Achieved Great Heights

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Newscast by Group 12 - Hannah Cho, Leah Kemigisha, Kaylee Kim

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1y1M7dEUv52NJ5BCxx38eadOdWj_FBQkh/view?usp=sharing

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Olympic Athletes Broadcast - Group 2 (Avery Choi, Zora Chou, Ashlyn Kim, Euna Kim, and Kyra Ma)

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Olympic Athletes Broadcast - Group 2 (Avery Choi, Zora Chou, Ashlyn Kim, Euna Kim, and Kyra Ma)

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By: Cate Gragnani, Cassidy Goldyn, and Olivia Hong

Link to broadcast here: https://anchor.fm/cassidy-goldyn/episodes/Channel-19-e10ko2s

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Stories by: Janis Lee, Noah Sorgen, Evan Yang, Siv Barda, and Stella Crane.
Reported by: Stella, Siv, and Noah. (Due to some technical complications, Evan and Janis were not able to read their stories. Both were reported by another group member).

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Sub-Two Hour Marathon Beaton (Jason Kim)

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Sub-Two Hour Marathon Beaton (Jason Kim)

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Olympic marathon athlete Eliud Kipchoge made a milestone as he completed the sub-two hour marathon in Vienna, Australia, on October 12, 2019.

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Olympic Cancellations Throughout History (article)         Ellis Bijleveld 

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Olympic Cancellations Throughout History (article)         Ellis Bijleveld 

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Sarah Meisel, Ava Rossen, and Angel Song
Just Keep Swimming....

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The Olympic Games were originally invented and held in ancient Greece up to 3,000 years ago. From around 800 BCE to 400 AD., the Games were held once every four years in Olympia, to honor the god Zeus. The first modern Olympics was held during 1896 in Athens, Greece. It featured 280 olympians  (participants) from 13 countries, and had 43 events that were competed in. Since 1994, the Summer and Winter Olympics have been held separately, and alternate the spotlight every two years.

The first written records that we have of the ancient Olympic Games date back to around 776 B.C.. When a cook named Coroebus won the only event–a 192-meter foot race called the stade, to end up becoming the first Olympic champion. Though, it is generally believed that the Games had already been going on for many years by that point in time. The ancient Olympics were held every four years between August 6 and September 19 in the midst of a religious practice honoring zeus. They were named for their location at Olympia, an extremely sacred site located near the western coast of the Peloponnese peninsula in southern Greece. The Games influence was so great, that many ancient historians began to measure time with the four-year increments in between the Olympics (which were known as Olympiads.)

After the Roman Empire had conquered Greece during the 2nd century BCE, the Games continued. Though their standards and quality had drastically declined. A notorious example dating back to A.D. 67 is, Emperor Nero entered an Olympic chariot race. Only to utterly disgrace himself by declaring himself the winner even after he had fallen off of his chariot during the event. During 393 AD, Emperor Theodosius I (who was a Christian), called for a ban on all “pagan” festivals, which ended the tradition of the Ancient Olympics after almost 12 centuries. It would end up being another 1,500 years before the Games would be played again, largely because of the efforts of Baron Pierre de Coubertin of France. Dedicated to the promotion of physical education, the young baron was inspired by the idea of creating a “modern” Olympic Games, after he had paid a visit to the original ancient Olympic site.

During November of 1892, during a meeting of the Union des Sports Athlétiques in Paris, Coubertin proposed the idea of bringing back the Olympics as an international sports competition that was to be held every four years. Two years later, he was given the approval he needed to found the International Olympic Committee, which would eventually become the governing body of the “modern” Olympics.

The first “modern” Olympics were held in Athens, Greece, in 1896. During the opening ceremony, King Georgios (1) and a crowd of an approximated 60,000 spectators welcomed 280 participants from 13 nations (all participants were male), who would compete in 43 events. Events like track and field, gymnastics, swimming, wrestling, cycling, tennis, weightlifting, shooting and fencing. All Olympiads have been numbered even when there were no Olympic Events that took place (events like World War 1, and during World War 2). The official symbol of the modern Olympic Games is five colored rings interlocking, which represent the continents of North and South America, Asia, Africa, Europe and Australia (the continents that participate in the Olympics). The Olympic flag had this symbol featured on a white background, it flew for the first time during the Olympic Games in Antwerp which were held in 1920.

The Olympics truly took off as an international sporting event after 1924, when the 8th Olympic Games were held in Paris. Around 3,000 athletes (with 100 women among them) from 44 nations competed that year, and for the first time the Games had a closing ceremony. The Winter Olympics debuted that year with events including figure skating, ice hockey, bobsledding and the biathlon. Eighty years later, when the 2004 Summer Olympics took place in Athens for the first time in over a century. Almost 11,000 athletes from 201 countries competed in these games. In a gesture that joined both the ancient and modern Olympics, the shot-put was held at the site of the classical Games in Olympia.

-By Ethan Greenberg

Sources:

The Olympic Games - HISTORY- History- The Olympic Games- Published by A&E Television Networks on January 6th 2010- Most recently updated August 21st 2018-

Olympic History - from the home of Zeus in Olympia to the modern Games-            Olympic History- From The Home Of Zeus In Olympia To The Modern Games-     Unable to access publication information Not showing up in Publication Records.

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Chloe Kim, the Champion Snowboarder

Biography
By Kailyn Hahn:
You know how people say that they are destined to perform, well do you know of a person who is destined to snowboard?
Born in Long Beach California on April 23, 2000, Chloe Kim won gold in the halfpipe with an extraordinary set of flips, twists, and jaw-dropping tricks in the 2018 PyeongChang Winter Olympics (평창 동계 올림픽). Seems like snowboarding was her destiny and in the next few paragraphs, you might be able to sense it too. Chloe Kim started tightening her first bindings at the age of 4. Her dad, Jong Kim (김종진), introduced her to the sport only because he wanted a partner with who he could learn snowboarding with. Without realizing it, Chloe soon outpaced her dad. “When I learned how to turn, he was still struggling how to get off the chairlift,” she says fondly. “I wasn’t so sure about the sport when I first started, but as I went snowboarding more, and started progressing, I started to fall in love with it. I just think I had more fun snowboarding when I was able to go into the air and do spins and flips.” Chloe gets a lot of motivation from her parents, who emigrated from South Korea to California in the 1980s. “Watching my family work hard has been inspirational. I got their work ethic,” says Chloe.
Before entering kindergarten, Chloe was already hitting jumps and rails on the weekends. At the age of 6, she joined a competitive team at Mountain High Resort. Then, Just one year later, at the age of 7, she won Junior Nationals! When she was 8 years old, Chloe moved to Switzerland and lived with her aunt, so that she could learn French. This, however, didn’t stop her from loving snowboarding. Every weekend she would wake up at 4 a.m. and take two trains to a nearby resort that was across the border in France. There, she practiced on the halfpipe. It wasn’t what you saw every day, and Chloe knew that. She also knew that at an early age, she was determined to conquer the halfpipe even before she got her driver’s license. When Chloe moved back to California two years later, her dad quit his job to help her train on more challenging terrains. Every weekend, Chloe and her dad drove five and a half hours to Mammoth Mountain to train with the top coaches.
After years of hard work, training, and determination, in 2014, Chloe showed what she was made of at ESPN’s X Games. Coming in second behind 30-year-old superstar Kelly Clark, Chloe won silver and made history as the youngest person to earn a medal at the X Games. Can you believe that she was in eighth grade and was only 13 years old? For the next two years in a row, Chloe took home gold at the X-Games, becoming the only athlete in X-Games history to win three medals before the age of 16. Chloe would have qualified for the 2014 Olympic Games in Sochi, Russia, but unfortunately, she couldn’t compete due to her age. In 2016, Chloe became the first female to score a perfect 100 in the superpipe at the U.S. Snowboarding Grand Prix.

Achievements
By Ariana Sarraf:

Claimed to be the greatest female snowboarder of all time by the Olympic Channel, Chloe Kim is a five-time X Games champion and a PyeongChang 2018 snowboard halfpipe gold medalist.

The Olympic Channel defines snowboarding as a popular winter sport that resembles surfing, skiing, and skateboarding on snow. A snowboarder is strapped onto a single board that looks like a large skateboard and glides down snow-covered mountains. Snowboarders perform many of the same movements as Alpine and freestyle skiers. Kim’s specialty, a halfpipe, is a long, icy tube that snowboarders zigzag across, performing twists and turns in the air.
According to the Olympic Channel, Kim first took the public’s eye at only age 14 in the 2015 X Games. The X Games are an annual extreme sports event. There she was the youngest ever to win a gold medal, taking the prize in the superpipe ahead of Kelly Clark. The records continued to fall when she won the X Games’ gold medal again the next year and then becoming the first female border to land back-to-back 1080s – a rapid spinning maneuver that is one of the most difficult tricks to land – in the US Snowboard Grand Prix. At the end of January, she claimed her fifth X Games Superpipe crown out of six in Aspen and added her first world championship title in February.
Already qualified to win a gold medal, Kim, was too young to compete at the Sochi 2014 Olympic Winter Games, therefore her first Olympic competition came at the Lillehammer 2016 Winter Youth Olympic Games. In Lillehammer, the snowboarder won two gold medals, making her a dual gold medalist for the snowboard halfpipe and slopestyle events. The Olympic Channel describes how Kim was far and away ahead of the competition, winning gold, notching the highest score in YOG snowboarding history, and acting as the US team flag bearer. She also commented about the Sochi 2014 Winter Olympic Games: “When I couldn’t make the team in Sochi due to my age-it felt like such a long journey. You know, going from 13 to 7 is such a big-time gap. But at the end of the day, I’m here and I’m happy.”
But she did not stop making history there! Kim landed back-to-back 1080s for the first time in February 2016. As the Olympic Channel reports, no other woman has ever landed back-to-back 1080s in competition with Kim. On her second run, Kim slipped as she tried to complete the second 1080. But on her victory lap, she nailed it in a close to perfect run which US Snowboard team head coach Rick Bower described as "the best run that she's ever done".
Besides her accomplishments out in the snow she also received three ESPY (Excellence in Sports Performance Yearly) awards - being named Best Female Athlete, Best Female Olympian, and Best Female Action Sports Athlete. The gold medalist has also been given her own Barbie doll, starred in many movies and music videos, and been on the cover of a Corn Flakes Cereal box. Kim was also one of four Olympians - the others being Adam Rippon, Kevin Durant, and Roger Federer - to make TIME's list of the 100 most influential people in 2018.
Fans cheered at the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games as Chloe Kim won gold in the halfpipe, with a remarkable score of 98.25 points, ten points ahead of her nearest rival. This added another gold medal to her tally at the PyeongChang 2018 Winter Olympic Games. According to an Olympic Channel article, the victory was already assured for Kim with 93.75 points before the final run, Kim produced her most unbelievable run of the competition with back-to-back 1080s which awarded 98.25 points out of a possible 100 and beat Liu Jiayu, who came close with 89.75 on her second run, by almost 10 points. No one could break her 90 point barrier. She was the most talked-about snowboarder around the world and the youngest halfpipe gold medallist. Two years later, she tells reporters that she still cannot believe she had won in PyeongChang.
According to the Olympic Channel, just eight days later from winning the 2018 Winter Olympic Games, the gold medalist landed another halfpipe title at the US Grand Prix! That was not the only time in which she made history in the year 2018! In October the Olympic Channel reports, Chloe Kim became the first woman to land a frontside double cork 1080 while training in Switzerland.
After taking the 2019 and 2020 season off to study at Princeton University and recover from a broken ankle, Kim returned to the competition in Laax, Switzerland. In the women's semi-final at the 2021 Laax Open, Switzerland, Kim topped the standings with 94.00 points ahead.
As well as winning both World Cup competitions in the previous season, she has also contested in other events – Copper Mountain, Colorado, and last month in Laax, Switzerland- retained Kim her Dew Tour Superpipe title in December of 2020.
As Chloe Kim once said, “The one thing I learned is to just give everything a shot you don’t want to live in regret.”

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By Jessie Cai (S/B) #19:

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Katie Ledecky Biography

Katie Ledecky (Kathleen Genevieve Ledecky) is an American swimmer who was born on March 17, 1997, in Washington, DC.  She was the daughter of David and Mary Gen Ledecky.  Ledecky was schooled at Stone Ridge High School of the Sacred Heart in Bethesda, Maryland.  She started swimming for a swim team when she was six years old.
At the age of 15, Ledecky competed at the 2012 Summer Olympic Games held in London and was the youngest American Olympiad competitor there.  During her first prime competition in 2012, Ledecky competed at the U.S. Olympic trials in Omaha, Nebraska.  She became eligible to join the Olympic team when she won first place in the 800-meter freestyle.  She had stood third in the 400-meter freestyle and ninth in the 200-meter freestyle.
At the U.S. Nationals competition in 2013, Ledecky placed first in the 400-meter, 800-meter, and 1500-meter freestyle, and after that second in the 200-meter freestyle.  While at the 2014 Pan Pacific Championships, Ledecky became the first woman to win four individual gold medals.  Ledecky won five gold medals and broke three world records while competing at the 2015 World Aquatics Championships in Kazan, Russia.
Between 2013 and the end of the 2016 Olympics, she had created at least a dozen world records.  Ledecky had also helped Stanford win the women's team title.  She had overall won five Olympic gold medals and 15 World Championship titles.

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By Julian Gerber, Terry Park, and Reed Kushner.
Sailors Talk...

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Olympic story by, Joshua Kim, Sebastian Siri, and George Navarro. (Group 1)

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Olympic story by, Joshua Kim, Sebastian Siri, and George Navarro. (Group 1)

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This is a newscasts. Hope you enjoy

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Get access to files anywhere through secure cloud storage and file backup for your photos, videos, files and more with Google Drive.

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Being an Olympian is Not Easy

Every Olympian has worked extremely hard to get where they are today, and it took them hard work, and perseverance. The first thing that an olympian needs is a healthy diet. To be a good athlete, you need to be in charge of your body, and your health. It can vary for each sport, and person but an example is that most swimmers, or divers eat more carbohydrates for energy, and protein for strength. One of the things that surprised me about how olympians eat, is that they don’t fast, or eat less, but most of them eat much more than an average person, because they need to have calories to burn throughout the training day.

The next thing that it takes to be an olympian is practice. All of the olympians listed here had to practice and work very hard to get where they are today. Although practice may seem obvious, there are many components of practice that we do not think about. For example, stretching is one of the most important practices an athlete needs. When doing a sport, you work your muscles, and they tighten up. Every olympic athlete needs to stretch in order to make sure they do not hurt, or damage their muscles.

The last thing that it takes to be an olympian is a positive mindset. This is the most important part of being a serious athlete. None of the olympic athletes would be where they are today if they did not have a positive mindset. A positive mindset in sports is not only staying excited and, well, positive, but it is also having resilience, and no matter what happens, to always get back up and try again no matter how hard it is. All of the olympians listed in this article had resilience, and they never gave up no matter what.

The last thing that it takes to be an olympian is a positive mindset. This is the most important part of being a serious athlete. None of the olympic athletes would be where they are today if they did not have a positive mindset. A positive mindset in sports is not only staying excited and, well, positive, but it is also having resilience, and no matter what happens, to always get back up and try again no matter how hard it is. All of the olympians listed in this article had resilience, and they never gave up no matter what.

Olympians like Micheal Phelps, Simone Biles, Takeru Kitazono, and many more have accomplished many things by working hard. Micheal Phelps is an olympic swimmer for team USA with a total of 28 olympic medals! He received 23 gold medals, 3 silver medals, and 2 bronze medals. When he was claiming gold at his fifth olympics he became the first swimmer to win the same event at four consecutive games.

Simone Biles is an artistic gymnast who competes in the women's division for team USA. When making her debut in Rio 2016 she wowed the crowd with her amazing skills. That day when she stepped up to do the floor routine the destination of gold was already clear. She scored an amazing 15.800 with a stunning display set. She also scored a 15.933 on vault and a 15.300 on beam. Since her breakthrough she has already won a record of 10 world titles. Biles has surpassed the overall World Championship medal record for men and women combined! She has 25 world championship medals where 19 of them are gold. In Stuttgart, Biles claimed another 5 world titles. On top of all of these amazing achievements she has 2 signature moves named after her on the floor and beam events.

Takeru Kitazono is a gymnast who competes in the Youth Olympic Games or (YOG). At Buenos Aires 2018, he became the first athlete in his division to win 5 individual golds at a single YOG! Only a few athletes in Olympic history have achieved this at a Youth Olympic Games. As an individual he won the floor, rings, parallel bars, and horizontal bar competitions. The 15 year old star is the first Japanese athlete to win 5 gold individual medals at any Olympic games and the first athlete in his sport to achieve this feat since 1992.

“These hard days are the best because that’s where champions are made.”- Gabby Douglas.

Sources

Olympics Website

URL: Olympics | Olympic Games, Medals, Results & Latest News

"Low-carbohydrate diets and athletic performance." World of Sports Science, edited by K. Lee Lerner and Brenda Wilmoth Lerner, Gale, 2007. Gale In Context: Science,

URL: link.gale.com/apps/doc/CV2644830272/GPS?u=lausdnet&sid=GPS&xid=fbbaf560.

On olympics website: Video

URL:https://olympics.com/en/video/aksel-lund-svindal-talks-to-the-yog-team-on-what-it-takes-to-be-the-best

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Baseball at the Olympics - A Guide To Format (Django Lohmann)

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Baseball at the Olympics - A Guide To Format (Django Lohmann)

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https://docs.google.com/document/d/11DKtCKOVjDw2hvnhlrCYVLeQBLeZlhkyzgmDWhIHJcU/edit?usp=sharing