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3 models are based off the ADDIE process

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Newby, Stepich, Lehman, and Russell created the PIE model

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PIE stands for Plan, Implement, Evaluate

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Emphasizes how technology assists with instructional design with a focus on the what, when, why, and how

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The PIE model combines the analyzing, designing, and developing stages of the ADDIE model into one focus area of Plan

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Each model is a customized process to meet the needs of the learners, resource, or delivery mode

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Effective model for classroom instruction

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These models are rather linear in their design

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Created by Alison A. Carr-Chellman from Penn State's College of Ed

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The ID4T model eliminates assessment at the front end allowing for teachers to focus on the required curriculum, not necessarily the learning gaps

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9 step process: setting goals, creating learning objectives, analyzing student characteristics, writing tests, selecting materials, developing activities, selecting media, and implementing, then revising

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Model can support standards based grading, constructivist learning, inquiry based and designed classrooms

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ID4t model is designed to help K-12 teachers use a behavioral approach that is student-centered in design

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Effective model for classroom instruction

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The ID4T and PIE model are effective for classroom instruction, while Pebble in the Pond model is better for an instructional project.

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Created by David Merrill

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Includes 6 design phases: design a problem, design a progression of problems, design instruction for component skills, design instructional strategy enhancements, finalize the instructional design, and design assessment and evaluation

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This model avoids writing objectives early int eh process because they should change as instruction is developed. The pebble in the pond name reflects this aspect.

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Effective model for instructional project

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Pebble in the Pond model avoides creating obojecives before developing the instructioanl content, whereas the ID4T and PIE develop the objectives early on.