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Odysseus meets Aiolos and the wind king helps with preparations. (pg. 387)

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The theme of hospitality is shown only a little bit here by the god. The Kyklopes' view on hospitality is a bit accurate in this scenario. The expectations of hospitality mostly exist in mortals and not so much to others. Aiolos provides lodging, but does not provide and provisions to the Akhaians. The only useful thing that he sends with Odysseus is a bag of winds that aid him on his journey home.

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Aiolos sends Odysseus off with only a bull's hide and winds, no provisions.

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When I wrote this annotation, I came to the conclusion that only mortals were expected to display hospitality to visitors. With the knowledge of the entire epic in my head, I can see that this could be potentially wrong in some situations. Hospitality is a social expectation with the Greeks, and the gods (primarily Zeus, creator of mankind) would be angered if any wrong was done to the unoffending guest. However, the Kyklopes are not immortal, yet they do not follow the unwritten rules of hospitality and receive no punishment afterward. This is because Poseidon is by their side, so a god could protect them if any consequences came. In the passage, Aiolos stinted no provisions for Odysseus and his crew. This is where the idea that immortals were exempt from the rule came from since Aiolos was immortal. Either way, Homer reveals that not all hosts are welcoming or need to be welcoming. The suitors' treatment towards Odysseus (disguised as a beggar) is a perfect example of this.

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Odysseus has a tale to tell
about how the mighty strong bow landed into his possession.

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Eumaios offers lodging to Odysseus.  (pg. 447)

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The theme of hospitality is evident in this passage. Similar to the others that have welcomed Odysseus as a guest, sustenance is provided before anything else occurs. The need to have a visitor fed before discussing anything seems to be very common with the ancient Greeks. Eumaios does not much to offer compared to kings like Alcinous, but his hospitable manners can be seen.

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Athena arrives to meet Telemakhos for the first time in The Odyssey.
(pg. 277)

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This part demonstrates one of the main themes in this story, hospitality. Telemakhos is incredibly welcoming and kind to this stranger, even though he has no clue who the person really is.

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Telemakhos helps the stranger by holding Athena's tall bronze-bladed spear.

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At the time I wrote my annotation, I did not know how important certain aspects of The Odyssey were. The hospitality displayed by Telemakhos was acknowledged by me at the start of the story, but in no way did I see how vital it was. Telemakhos's warm welcome to a completely unknown person seemed like a kind gesture at first since he had kept him waiting, but it was much more than that. With the knowledge of the entire story, this is a strong example of Homer's view on hospitality. Hosts should treat strangers very well. Athena's intervention would not have been effective as it was without a kind invitation.

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Hospitality is an important theme that Homer touches upon many times in the epic. This value is essential for the transition between settings, and it structures Greek culture's social expectations in The Odyssey. Homer portrays hospitality through hosts such as King Menelaos and Eumaios. The hospitable behaviors expected from the host open up many opportunities for the characters journeying the world. The unwritten rules of this theme suggest that the ancient Greeks host visitors well by providing sustenance, gifts, lodging, and much more. Without hospitality, travelers would be unwelcome everywhere.  An unwelcoming manner like that would result in more hardship for Odysseus's return. Homer's view is very clear, guests should be treated at the highest level of respect regardless of their identity and background. 

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Hospitality is an important theme that Homer touches upon many times in the epic. This value is essential for the transition between settings, and it structures Greek culture's social expectations in The Odyssey. Homer portrays hospitality through hosts such as King Menelaos and Eumaios. The hospitable behaviors expected from the host open up many opportunities for the characters journeying the world. The unwritten rules of this theme suggest that the ancient Greeks host visitors well by providing sustenance, gifts, lodging, and much more. Without hospitality, travelers would be unwelcome everywhere.  An unwelcoming manner like that would result in more hardship for Odysseus's return. Homer's view is very clear, guests should be treated at the highest level of respect regardless of their identity and background. 

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Menelaos's servant makes a mistake at the wedding. (pg. 309)

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Once again, the theme of hospitality is brought up. Although Eteoneus asked for permission before letting them in, Menelaos acts just like the other Greeks and welcomes them, regardless of who they are.

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Food is eaten first and conversation follows.

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Odysseus recalls how he obtained his powerful bow. A part of his story is about an exchange with Iphitos. (pg. 547)

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Gifts are shared between the host and the guest at times as a display of hospitality with the ancient Greeks. This passage describes the exchange of a bow and weapons between the two friends as a host would. The men of the ancient Greeks have a strange tendency to gift others weapons, as seen here. Although this does not happen every time, it does occur often. Generally, I would prefer my gifts to be meaningful and don't mind very much. However, receiving a weapon of some sort isn't exactly the type of present I look forward to, regardless of my age whether it be now or later on in life. (personal connection)

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Looking back to this annotation now, it seems pretty well-summed up. Adding to what I said about Greeks tending to gift each others weapons, there are a few occasions where this happened. Including the  bow, lance, and sword from this situation, Seareach also gave Odysseus a broad sword as an apology. Before I read the entire story, the necessity of giving your guests gifts was fairly unexpected. Now that I look back at the way hospitality connected with gifts, it would make more sense for the visitor to do the opposite, give instead of receive. Regardless of what seems right, Homer's perspective on the role of hosts is fairly clear, especially here. The guests anticipate the hosts to treat them very well.

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By showing us what Eumaios does first as a host, Homer discloses another expectation. Yet again, feasting preceded talking. Feeding the visitor before asking questions and engaging in conversation seems to be a norm with the ancient Greeks that is expected from the hosts. The passage exemplified the ideas of hospitality very well, but I did not notice how important the scene itself actually was until after I read it. Eumaios's kind welcome gave Odysseus the opportunities he needed to know more about what was going on at Ithaka during his return. Previously, I focused on what hospitality was like, but did not notice much about the lasting effects it had. The influence was an effect of hospitality that appeared before. This time, it allowed Odysseus to smoothly transition into his island without much disturbance and set up more opportunities for the king to reclaim his status.

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My original annotation could have been more elaborate and connected the theme with the passage more clearly. I was able to see that the passage conveyed hospitality, but there were still additional elements to explore. It can be seen that there are occasions where hospitality does not occur quickly and without proper thought. Eteonus approaches the situation with caution, but he gets scolded by Menelaos and reminded of the hospitality they received. Now, I see the influence that this theme could potentially have on the ancient Greeks because may spread from one person to another based on their experiences.

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The hospitality that Menelaos received during his hardships home influenced him to be hospitable towards other travelers. The influence goes from one person to another.