# data[].attributes.body
Naturalist, and Author of “On the Origin of species by Means of natural selection” published November 24th 1859. Darwin’s findings are often seen to be a major part of the “Scientific Revolution” (Francisco J. Ayala, 2007) responsible for changing societies view of the world and oneself. 

# data[].attributes.body
Throughout Charles Darwin’s long career he has made several contributions towards the Study of Animal Behaviour and his findings have remained to be one of the major stepping stones towards the modern understanding of Evolution and ethology. His “long-standing interest in psychology and behavioural issues” (Gordon M Burghardt, 2009) led him to complete studies within behavioural development, behavioural ecology and inheritance of behaviour. Which gave humanity an insight to the inner workings of animal behaviour. Darwin's findings weren't exactly "correct by current standards" (Gordon M Burghardt, 2009) however due to this it has allowed modern day scientist to further study the theory of evolution and perfect Darwin's work.

# data[].attributes.body
Within the journal “Life-history trade offs favours the evolution of animal personalities” by (M. Wolf, G. Sander van Doorn, O. Leimur & F. J. Weissing, 2007) it shows how Modern day research often correlates to Charles Darwin previous contributions to Animal behaviour. They’re exploring the evidence that shows that a range of different animal species have individual personalities which could be simply explained as an adaptation however the researchers are looking at the current and future reproduction that often results in polymorphism were it’s predicated that some individuals will have different future expectations which will result in a change of the animals behaviour.

# data[].attributes.body
Author:
Published:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19203142/

https://www.nature.com/articles/nature05835#ref-CR2

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4447030/

https://www.pnas.org/content/104/suppl_1/8567

# data[].attributes.body
Russian physiologist, Discoverer of Classical  Conditioning through the experiment known as “Pavlov’s dogs” (Saul McLeod 2018) Pavlov’s research was based on the "digestive systems of dogs" (Kendra Cherry, 2020) focusing in on how dogs respond to being fed by measuring the amount of saliva was produced. However he noticed that the dogs would salivate before the food was presented so Classical conditioning was actually “discovered accidentally” (Saul McLeod 2018

# data[].attributes.body
Ivan Pavlov’s Discovery of Classical conditioning is a well known and incredibly important contribution towards modern ethology as his scientific breakthrough was responsible for teaching humanity that the principle of learning applies across species and his findings also declared that classical conditioning is one way the majority of all organisms learn how to adapt to their environment.
(Chapter 7, Learning extract)

# data[].attributes.body
Ivan Pavlov’s Discovery of Classical conditioning has inspired a group of material scientists to explore whether “classical conditioning could be achieved in artificial materials” (Aalto University, 2019) The scientists have been able to learn a gel made of agarose to weapon to a stimulus making it “spontaneously melt” (Aalto University, 2019) when you shine red and blue light on it.

# data[].attributes.body
http://bcs.worthpublishers.com/WebPub/Psychology/exploring9e/Lecture_Guides_PDF/Myers%20EP9e%20LGO7.51-58B.pdf

https://phys.org/news/2019-08-pavlov-classical-conditioning-materials-scientists.html

Author: Aalto University
Published: 2019

https://www.simplypsychology.org/pavlov.html

Author: Saul McLeod
Published (updated): 2018

https://www.verywellmind.com/ivan-pavlov-biography-1849-1936-2795548

Author: Kendra Cherry
Published (updated): 2020

# data[].attributes.body
Professor of Animal science who "Authored over 400 articles" (Temple Gradin, biography) within scientific journals often focusing on livestock handling, welfare and facility designs. Gradin uses her unique connection with animals due to “a form of autism called Aspergers” (Leila Gray 2011) to help better livestock animals lives by trying to prevent any unnecessary stress.

# data[].attributes.body
Grandin's findings have created a better perception of the modern ethology of common livestock animals not only by using her research of their behaviour to improve the products produced by the livestock but to also improve their welfare standards. Temple Grandin's findings inspired the refinement of several livestock facilities in numerous countries and continents many of which she personally designed. One of the designs she improved is known as the Double Rail Restrainer System by creating an "improved entrance and animal size adjustment mechanism" (Temple Grandin, website, 2000). To further help develop a better wide known understanding Temple Grandin became a lecture at Colorado State University.
(Leila Gray, 2011 ; Temple Grandin 2000)

# data[].attributes.body
The Abstract 
“Stress Effects on Meat Quality: Mechanistic Perspective” 
Corresponds with a lot of Temple Grandin’s findings of her strategies to prevent the unnecessary stress and injuries of livestock 
These researches examine how the mechanism of stress can cause physiological and biochemical on the quality of the meat farmed. 
How injuries linked to pre-slaughter stress such as bruises and haemorrhages results low quality meat as well as hoe stressors cause the livestock to be more susceptible to pathogens leading to large 
leading to economic loss. 
(T. Xing, F, Gao, R. K. Tume, G. Zhou & X. Xu)

# data[].attributes.body
https://www.washington.edu/news/2011/11/29/temple-grandin-animal-behaviorist-and-autism-leader-lectures-nov-30/

Author: Leila Gray
Published: 2011

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Animals-in-translation-%3A-using-the-mysteries-of-to-Grandin-Johnson/ada8e895342555daa6ab6b2e21f8cad71f556f43?p2df

Author: T. Grandin & C. Johnson
Published: 2005

https://www.grandin.com/references/thinking.animals.html

Author: Temple Grandin
Published (Updated) : 2015

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1541-4337.12417

Authors: Tong Xing, Feng Goa, Ronald K. Tume, Guanghong Zhou, Xinglian Xu
Published: 2018

# data[].attributes.body
Animal behaviour specialist
Studies and develops new "interventions for behaviour problems" (University of Lincoln, 2017) within domesticated species.
Mills is also known for authoring several books varying from simplex to educate pet owners to more complex to be used in academia. One of his most recognised works "Equine Behaviour: Principles and Practice" (Mills, D. J., & Nankervis, K. 1999)

# data[].attributes.body
Daniels mills has provided a lot of contribution toward modern day ethology. Mills has conducted extensive research into to Pheromone therapy and was the leading animal behaviourist who pioneered the use of this therapy to “encourage desirable behaviour in cats and dogs” (Marie Daniels, 2013). Mills also authored several books used within the academic field in order to education students of the behaviour of several species. Furthermore, providing a new generation of future animal behavioural scientists with reliable information to use within there studies. 
(Marie Daniels, 2013 ; University of Lincoln, 2017)

# data[].attributes.body
There are several studies which have a close correlate to Daniel mills research of and pioneering of Pheromone therapy within this journal “Cat owners’ perception of psychoactive medications, supplements and pheromones for the treatment of feline behaviour problems” it accesses pet cat owners who had never used prescription drugs in attempt to solve their pet behavioural issues had a preference of pheromone products over psychoactive medications. (Emma K Grigg, Lori R Kogan, Karen van Haaften & Cherly Kolus)

# data[].attributes.body
https://staff.lincoln.ac.uk/dmills

Author: Daniel Mills (Biography)
Published: date unknown

https://hartpury.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/equine-behaviour-principles-and-practice

https://www.lincoln.ac.uk/news/2013/01/624.asp

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1098612X18807783

Authors: M. Wolf, G. Sander van Doorn, O, Leimur & R. J. Wesissing
Published: 2007

# data[].attributes.body
DoB unknown completed first class degree 1987 - PD

# data[].attributes.body
Behavioural biologist, Georgia Mason’s Revolutionary work on stereotypical behaviour over a variety of different species has led her to being widely known as the “world authority on stereotypic behaviour” (Universities Federation of Animal welfare

# data[].attributes.body
Georgia Masons findings have contributed massively to modern day ethology one of her most well known work is her study of “The effect of resource cues on Motivation in mink” (Harriet Warburton and Georgia Mason, 2003) and close workings with mink farmers which led to it now being a legal requirement to provide environmental enrichment for farmed mink in Canada. Masons extensive study into captive animals stereotypical behaviour has created a better perception and understanding into the reasons why and the ways to prevent such atypical behaviours occurring. 
(University Federation for Animal Welfare, Grants & Awards ; G Mason, 2006)

# data[].attributes.body
Within the paper “Tailored Enrichment Strategies and Stereotypical Behaviour in Captive Individual Housed Macaques”. It shows how recent research strongly correlates to Georgia Mason’s findings within the stereotypical behaviour field. These researchers combined the physiological and behavioural of individually housed captive macaques by trying to providing individualised enrichment to prevent the stereotypical behaviours the outcome of this study was successful with the macaques fecal samples showing decrease stress hormone levels. (T. H. Cannon, M. Heistermann, S. J. Hankison, K. J. Hockings & M. R. Mclennan, 2017)

# data[].attributes.body
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0003347203920975

Authors: Harriet Warburton & Georgia Mason.
Published: 2003

https://www.ufaw.org.uk/ufaw-medal=for=outstanding-contributions=to-animal-welfare-science-past-awards#mellor

Universities Federation for Animal Welfare
(Author and publish date unknown)

https://scholar.google.ca/citations?user=WcMxAP8AAAAJ&hl=en#d=gs_md_cita-d&u=%2Fcitations%3Fview_op%3Dview_citations%26hl%3Den%26user%3DWcMxAP8AAAAJ%3ANJ774b8OgUMC%26tzom%3D0

Author: Georgia Mason
Published: 2008

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10888705.2015.1126786?scroll=top&needAccess=true&journalCode=haaw20

Authors: Tess H. Cannon, Michael Heistermann, Shala J.Hankison, Kimberley J. Hockings & Matthew R McLennan.
Published: 2016