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Straight photography refers to photography that attempts to depict a scene or subject in sharp focus and detail. This art movement originated as early as 1904,  the term was used by critic Sadakichi Hartmann in the magazine Camera Work, and later promoted by its editor, Alfred Stiegliz, as a more pure form of photography than Pictorialism. Although some people see this movement as lack of manipulation, straight photographers in fact applied many common darkroom techniques to enhance the appearance of their prints.

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Alfred Stieglitz along with Paul strand pioneered the straight Photography movement. was an American photographer and modern art promoter who was instrumental over his fifty-year career in making photography an accepted art form. In addition to his photography, Stieglitz was known for the New York art galleries that he ran in the early part of the 20th century, where he introduced many avant-garde European artists to the U.S.

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This photograph depicts a close-up view of regular kitchen bowls that are used to study the effects of light and shadow. The round, concave objects are reduced to geometric circular shapes, defined by the highlighted linear top edge of the bowls and the depth of the shadows.

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In 1907 he was sailing to Europe, 4x5 Speed Graflex in tow, when he set off from the first-class deck and came upon the huddled masses in the ship’s steerage. There, the shawled and swathed were crammed together on the compact lower deck, the skewed geometry of the ship emphasizing their claustrophobic accommodations and visually segregating them from those on the upper deck.

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Paul Strand was an American photographer and filmmaker who, along with fellow photographers like Alfred Stieglitz and Edward Weston, helped establish photography as an art form in the 20th century.

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By the end of World War I, Straight photography became standard practice in the fields of advertising, design, and journalism in the United States. A commercialized Straight photography went hand-in-hand with the advent of the illustrated magazines that maximized photography for popular influence.

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Photo by Paul Strand

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Outerbridge was a fashion and commercial photographer, an early pioneer and teacher of color photography, and a creator of erotic nude photographs that could not be exhibited in his lifetime.

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Commercial photography is an area of photography capturing images used to sell, advertise or market a business, a product, a service, a person or persons.

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Strand used paper with the cold blue tones that had matched his experience on the Percé Beach shoot. In keeping with his fascination of 'how spaces are filled', moreover, Strand was of a mind that a balance of weight and air in the photograph was the most important compositional factor. The weight is created by dark tones in rocks, rooves and boats; the idea of air being expressed by the light in the sky and as it is reflected on the surface of the sea. When one looks for evidence of Strand's commitment to represent the lives of ordinary people, meanwhile, we find a workers' narrative in the bottom foreground of the frame. We see small figures, this time 'dwarfed' by the forces of nature (rather than man-made architecture), grappling with a large fishing boat. It is unclear if the fishermen are about to set sail, or if they are preparing to moor their vessel, but the spectator is left in little doubt of its importance to their lives and livelihoods.

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Boats and boating--Equipment and supplies

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Josef Sudek was a Czech photographer, best known for his photographs of Prague. Sudek founded the progressive Czech Photographic Society in 1924. He undertook commercial photography and thus worked "in the style of the times" in the mid 1930's.

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In the 1930s, Paul Outerbridge was one of the leading advertising photographers in New York, certainly among the best paid. He gave himself absolute mastery of the sculptural photography of the object-shot which derived its techniques from nineteenth-century studio perfection and its aesthetics from European modernism and surrealism.

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Straight photography slowly morphed into street Photography, also sometimes called candid photography, is photography conducted for art or enquiry that features unmediated chance encounters and random incident within public places. Although there is a difference between street and candid photography, it is usually subtle with most street photography being candid in nature and some candid photography being classifiable as street photography.

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Robert Frank began studying photography in 1941 and spent the next six years working for commercial photography and graphic design studios in Zurich, Geneva, and Basel. In 1947 he traveled to the United States, where Alexey Brodovitch hired him to make fashion photographs at Harper's Bazaar.

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In the early 1950s Paul Strand spent six weeks in the rural northern Italian town of Luzzara, located on the Po River. He traveled the countryside with local townsman Valentino Lusetti, whose family Strand photographed arranged across the front of their family home. This group portrait includes Valentino's widowed mother Anna, standing with a solemn expression in the darkened doorway, and four of his brothers: Bruno, Guerrino, Afro, and Nino, none of whom look directly at the camera.

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Photo by Robert Frank

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This photo is one of the most famous street photographs. American Photographer Robert Frank spent years traveling through the U.S.A. picturing his own image of the American society. His famous picture of a bus depicts the segregation still intact in the 1950s in America. The facial expression of the white boy and black man are very alike, while the woman in the front almost snobbishly looks at the photographer.

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42nd street movie theatre audience, N.Y.C 1958 

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42nd street movie theatre audience, N.Y.C 1958 

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Photographing movie theaters and audiences kicked-off Arbus's initial fascination with photography. In this early photo, Arbus captures a number of hunched-over bodies siting underneath a flared projector light. This photograph reveals the complicated social process of taking pictures and Arbus's humble beginnings as a timorous photographer. The grainy film constructs a dreamlike image of minute dots accentuating the dusty light.

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The most famous photo shot by Josef Sudek.

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In Upstairs Room, Walpole, Maine, signs of human presence are evident in the worn floorboards, the scuffed rug, and even the positioning of the chair near the wall at an angle, as if a weary arm has recently placed it there. The lived-in texture of each inanimate object evokes not just one but many dwellers, now absent, who lived in the house over generations. Positively received by critics, these interiors are a meditation on the history of everyday life, and a continuation of Evans's life-long project: exploring different ways to capture what he saw as the essence of humanity.

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Dennis Manarchy is a photographer and filmmaker based in Chicago. He has worked on major advertising campaigns for clients that include Nike, Harley Davidson, and the New Yorker.

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Photo by Dennis Manarchy

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Photo by Dennis Manarchy.

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“New York City, 7 Bleecker Street,” September, 1993.

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“New York City, 7 Bleecker Street,” September, 1993.

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Photo by Robert Frank