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Patellofemoral Syndrome is pain in the front of the knee around the kneecap. It may also be referred to as “jumpers knee” or “runners knee”. Causes include overuse of the knee joint, or trauma to the knee cap. It is most commonly found in athletes. Symptoms include:
-Pain when exercising
-Pain when bending knee
-Cracking or popping sounds in knee
Patellofemoral Syndrome can be diagnosed without imaging, however an X-ray is needed to rule out other injuries. In terms of treatment, it is very basic. In most cases, it can be treated at home by icing, compression, rest and elevation. Anti- flammatory drugs such as ibuprofen, shoe inserts and sports massage can also improve symptoms.

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Arthritis is swelling and tenderness of joints. Joint pain and stiffness worsens with age. It is most common among women as they get older. There are multiple different kinds of arthritis

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Bursitis is a painful condition that affects the small, fluid-filled sacs called bursae, which cushions the bone, tendons, and muscles near your joint. Bursitis occurs when the bursae becomes inflamed. The most common location for busitis are in the shoulder, elbow and hip. To treat it, you need to rest and apply ice. Bursitis is common for adults that are 40 or older.

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The female athlete triad (the triad) is an interrelationship of menstrual dysfunction, low energy availability (with or without an eating disorder), and decreased bone mineral density; it is relatively common among young women participating in sports. Diagnosis and treatment of this potentially serious condition is complicated and often requires an interdisciplinary team. The main goal in treatment of young female athletes with the triad is a natural return of menses as well as enhancement of bone mineral density. maximizing energy availability and optimizing vitamin D and calcium intake are recommended.

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One of the most common causes of heel pain. It involves inflammation of a thick band of tissue that runs across the bottom of your foot and connects your heel bone to your toes. It is most commonly caused by repetitive strain injury to the ligament of the sole of your foot. (eg. excessive running or walking, inadequate foot gear, and jumping injury from landing.)

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Osgood-Schlatter disease is a condition that causes pain and swelling below the knee joint, where the
patellar tendon attaches to the top of the shinbone (tibia), a spot called the tibial tuberosity.
Osgood-Schlatter disease most often occurs during growth spurts, when bones, muscles, tendons, and other structures are changing rapidly. Because physical activity puts additional stress on bones and muscles, children who participate in athletics — especially running and jumping sports  — are at an increased risk for this condition.
Simple exercises like stretching, strengthening, raising, ice and rest is what is done to heal it.
This syndrome is also know as “knee pain”.

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Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory disorder that causes widespread aching, stiffness and flu-like symptoms. It is more common in women than men and is seen more often in Caucasians than other races. It typically develops by age 70 and is rarely seen in people younger than 50. PMR may last from one to five years; however, it varies from person to person. Approximately 15 percent of people with PMR develop a potentially dangerous condition called giant cell arteritis.

Causes

The cause of PMR is uncertain but it is believed to be an autoimmune disease in which the body’s own immune system attacks healthy tissues. Genetic and environmental factors (such as infections) are thought to play important roles. Because it is rare in people under age 50, its cause could be linked to the aging process.

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Arthroscopy (also called arthroscopic or keyhole surgery) is a minimally invasive surgical procedure on a joint in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage is performed using an arthroscope, an endoscope that is inserted into the joint through a small incision.

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Most common is an ACL tear. Can be a result of a blow to outside of the knee, pivoting with your foot firmly planted or stopping suddenly. It can can be repaired by surgery, muscle strengthening exercises and medications. This type of tear affects athletes whose sport requires them to suddenly stop or change directions constantly.

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Tennis Elbow
Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) is a painful condition that occurs when tendons in your elbow are overloaded, usually by repetitive motions of the wrist and arm.  The best way to heal tennis elbow are Rest, Avoid activities that aggravate your elbow pain, Pain relieversTry over-the-counter pain relievers, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB) or naproxen
(Aleve), and Ice. Apply ice or a cold pack for 15 minutes three to four times a day.

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Is a knee disorder you get because of running, biking, swimming ect. Their is a fluid sac in the knee that causes the motion of your knee to flow smoothly, if your IT band is to tense/tight it will cause friction on the fluid sac will cause the band and sac to swell and will cause pain. Ways to prevent this is by: Not pushing your self extremely hard, warming up, getting enough rest and wearing good footwear. Anyone can get this disorder. https://sites.google.com/a/orthohyd.com/www/_/rsrc/1392797579011/home/know-your-disease/iliotibial-band-syndrome/tumblr_inline_mzf0pa0eeN1qz8b1v.jpg

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There are about 1 million ankle injuries a year and about 85% of them are ankle sprains. Ankle injuries are a result of many different activities such as competitive sports, walking, running etc. The three most common ligaments involved in ankle sprains include the anterior talofibular ligament, posterior talofibular ligament and the calcaneofibular  ligament.

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-happens when your upper arm pops out of socket
-most mobile joint, so it’s more likely to dislocate
-cause by sports injuries, car accidents
-falling on joint
-most common in younger people from sport injuries, and elder people who fall
-to fix: relocate shoulder back into socket, (preferably by a doctor), use ice to reduce swelling, use a sling to keep arm still, take pain killers and anti-inflammatory and practice strengthening exercises
- tearing of the muscles, ligaments or tendons can be a complication

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Can relieve pain caused by arthritis, injury, or other things like leg deformity.
Also called Knee Arthroplasty
Steps: prepare the bone, position metal implants, resurface patella, insert spacer.
Loss of joint pain is common cause of pain and this surgery.
Patients are mobile and exercising their knee hours after surgery.
Will require physiotherapy.