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process for assessing environmental impacts attributed to products or services during their entire life cycle, from manufacture to the end of their useful life.

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now, depending on the economy, consumers are much more demanding in terms of both the conservation of natural resources and environmental protection, and the quality of products and services.

Life cycle analysis can help:

Identifying opportunities to improve the environmental performance of products at different stages of their life cycle.

Providing information to decision makers in industry, governmental or non-governmental organizations.

Selection of relevant environmental performance indicators, including measurement techniques and marketing.

Life cycle analysis is used to answer specific questions such as:

What difference is there between two different manufacturing processes of the same product, in terms of resource utilization and emissions?

What difference is there between an aluminum window, compared to a wooden or PVC one, in terms of resource utilization and emissions?

What are the relative contributions of the different stages of the life cycle of this product to total emissions?

What difference is there between the possible environmental impact of a new product and other products already on the market?

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Introduction

At this stage, after the marketing plan is created, the product is released to the market for the first time. Here the product carries a higher cost, since it is the first time it is produced. Generally, at this stage, demand is less than supply.

Increase

At this stage the product begins to be accepted by consumers, causing sales and profits to increase. The key here is to reinforce the positioning and make the necessary modifications to adapt the product to the growing demand.

Maturity

At this stage when the product reaches success. Here sales increase slowly and decreasing until it reaches a stabilization point.

Slope

At this stage, sales begin to decrease, since the product has been replaced by other more charming options for consumers, making the product profitable.

Example:
-iPod Shufle
-iPod Nano
-iPod Classic
-iPod Touch
taken from:https://www.haiku-futon.com/2017/01/analisis-del-ciclo-vida-las-materias-primas-haiku-futon/

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ACCORDING TO THE ISO 14040 SERIE:

There are 4 phases in a life cycle analysis study:

1. The goal and scope definition phase.

2. The inventory analysis phase.

3. The environmental impact assessment phase.

4. The interpretation phase.

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ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT.
LIFE CYCLE ANALYSIS. REQUIREMENTS AND
GUIDELINES. LIFE CYCLE REQUIREMENTS

the standard specifies the requirements and provides guidelines for life cycle assessment including

-definition of the goal and scope of the life cycle analysis

-the analysis phase of the life cycle inventory

-the life cycle impact assessment phase

-the life cycle interpretation phase.

-reports and critical review of life cycle analysis.

-limitations of the life cycle analysis.

-relationship between life cycle analysis phases.

-conditions for the use of value options and optional elements.

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The international organization for standardization ISO is the organism that has developed a series of standards that go focused to the administration or environmental management, this includes the series 14040 on the analysis of the life cycle that are of voluntary character. It provides valuable information that allows entrepreneurs to make decisions about the environmental performance of the products or services they offer, provides comparative advantages by providing elements of analysis to companies wishing to certify products under the environmental labels scheme.

ISO 14040 establishes that the analysis of the life cycle is a technique to determine the environmental aspects and impacts associated with some product, this is done by collecting the relevant inputs and outputs of the system, evaluating the potential impacts associated with these inputs and outputs, and interpreting the results of the inventory phases and their impacts in relation to the objectives of the study.

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Life cycle analysis is a tool methodology to measure the environmental impact of a product, process or system throughout its entire life cycle. It is based on the compilation and analysis of the inputs and outputs of the system to obtain results that show its potential. environmental challenges, with the aim of being able to determine strategies to reduce them.

The main feature of this tool is its holistic approach, i.e. it is based on the idea that all the properties of the system cannot be explained individually by its component parts.
It is necessary to fully integrate all aspects involved; hence the concept of taking into account the entire life cycle of the system.

The present mural also shows the NTC-ISO 14044 - and 14040 that correspond to the analysis of the life cycle

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article: Life Cycle Analysis of Distributed Energy System Projects’ Energy Consumption and GHG Emission – A Case of Beer Brewery Auxiliary Power Supply in China.

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article: Life Cycle Analysis of Distributed Energy System Projects’ Energy Consumption and GHG Emission – A Case of Beer Brewery Auxiliary Power Supply in China.

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The document deals with a life cycle analysis of projects in the energy system, distributed (natural gas) and traditional (coal and electricity), and also presents the respective assessment of the influence on the environment, especially the emission of greenhouse gases produced by these different classes of energy. In this case, the assessment exercise is carried out on the Chinese snow factories and their energy supply.

Renewable energy projects have a future in China, as the energy system is of vital importance and must be environmentally friendly and significantly reduce the emission of greenhouse gases, especially by the breweries, as the energy sources are used to provide heat, cooling and the company's own electricity. .

According to the article, the life cycle analysis method is often used to analyse projects based on renewable energies, and the results presented provide a concrete platform for future research.

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ECO Intelligence. (2013). The Life Cycle Analysis. Eco-intelligence license according to Creative Commons. Retrieved from http://www.ecointeligencia.com/2013/02/analisis-ciclo-vida-acv/

Ramirez, O, A. (2014, April 16). Life Cycle Analysis with the SimaPro software. [Blog Post]. Creative Commons license. Retrieved from https://aciclovidasimapro.wordpress.com/

Hansi, L., Xiongwen, Z., & Xunmin, O. (2017). Life Cycle Analysis of Distributed Energy System Projects’ Energy Consumption and GHG Emission – A Case of Beer Brewery Auxiliary Power Supply in China. Energy Procedia, 105, 3456–3463. Recovered from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610217308597

Norma Técnica Colombiana NTC-ISO 14040, Instituto Colombiano de Normas Técnicas y Certificación (ICONTEC), Bogotá, 26 September 2007, retrieved from https://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:3034/colecao.aspx

Colombian Technical Standard NTC-ISO 14044, Colombian Institute of Technical Standards and Certification (ICONTEC), Bogotá, August 29, 2007, retrieved from https://bibliotecavirtual.unad.edu.co:3034/colecao.aspx