# data[].attributes.body
Visual imagery
"This seventeen-year-old doll in her gd culottes, perky and fresh faced, like a cheerleader visiting the opposing team's locker room. Her pretty blue eyes seemed to glow. She couldn't get enough of it" (O'Brien, 96).

# data[].attributes.body
Tim O'Brien shows the metamorphosis of Mary Anne from sweetheart to jungle predator or monster because he wants to show how war can create monsters out of even the most innocent and pure of people. His rhetorical purpose was to show that war brings the worst out of people and amplifies the darkness inside them.

# data[].attributes.body
Repetition shows the physiological trauma that O'Brien felt because he kept repeating the same phrases. This shows the utter shock he felt after taking this man's life and how he is trying to cope with it.

"His chest was sunken and poorly muscled--a scholar, maybe" (O'Brien, 128).
This phrase is repeated many times throughout the chapter and it shows how O'Brien's mind was working to try to cope with him taking someone's life. He was trying to humanize his enemy and this is how his mind is going about it.

# data[].attributes.body
visual imagery- "To the north and west
the country rose up in thick walls of wilderness, triple-canopied jungle,
mountains unfolding into higher mountains, ravines and gorges and fast-moving rivers and waterfalls and exotic butterflies and steep cliffs and smoky little hamlets and great valleys of bamboo and elephant grass." (I've misplaced my book and am using the PDF, so the page number would be different.)

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien shows the metamorphosis of Mary Anne to show how war, specifically Vietnam, can completely transform a person, and quickly. He doesn't portray it as a particularly sad thing, he even often alludes to the fact that Mary Anne became more in tune with herself and the land. She became the war, just like most of the men out there did to some extent. His rhetorical purpose was to give an explicit example of how war can change someone.

# data[].attributes.body
" If he could not fight little boys, he thought, how
could he ever become a soldier and fight the Americans with their
airplanes and helicopters and bombs?" multiple times O'Brien repeats this idea that the boy he killed was not meant for war. I agree with Jackson in that he was humanizing the boy in his mind, sorting through the grief and despair that comes with taking a life.

# data[].attributes.body
Visual and Tactile
"At the end of the second week, when four casualties came in, Mary Anne wasn't afraid to get her hands bloody. At times, in fact, she seemed fascinated by it. Not the gore so much, but the adrenaline buzz the went with the job, that quick hot rush in your veins when the choppers settled down and you had to do things fast and right. No time for sorting through operations, no thinking at all; you just stuck your hands in and started plugging up holes. (93)"

# data[].attributes.body
O' Brien talks about Mary Anne as a bubbly, blond and beautiful girl in the beginning of the chapter. She was flirtatious and charismatic. Soon, Mary Anne began to envelop herself in the war, for it was "intriguing" to her. It was a mystery to her, and she craved to learn more. Next thing you know, she was taking matters into her own hands, helping out at the infirmary, and didn't mind getting her "hands bloody." This seemed out of character for her. O' Brien wants to show how much of an effect war has on an individual, for it can rid them of their joys and hobbies. Mary Anne cut off her hair, stopped filing her nails, and stopped wearing makeup. By the end of the chapter she was a completely different person, joining the Greenies, wearing a necklace made of tongues. O' Brien shows how war can change an individual and change them from the inside out. Their "innocence" is stripped from them.

# data[].attributes.body
"His one eye was shut and the other was a star shaped hole. " (120)
O'Brien repeated this phrase multiple times throughout the chapter. Along with describing his outside appearance of his dead body, O' Brien repeated the young boy's life, and his future, and how he interfered with that by killing him. He was a "scholar" a "mathematician," and he had a girlfriend. This young man had such a bright future, and O' Brien feels the weight of having taken that away. O' Brien uses repetition to emphasize the extreme guilt he felt for ruining the boys life. This chapter shows the taxing effect that killing a person has on a soldiers mental health.

# data[].attributes.body
" There was no emotion in her stare, no sense of the person behind it. But the grotesque part, he said, was her jewelry. At the girl's throat was a necklace of human tongues. Elongated and narrow, like pieces of blackened leather, the tongues were threaded along a length of copper wire, one overlapping the next, the tips curled upward as if caught in a final shrill syllable. "
Page 105-106
Visual imagery

# data[].attributes.body
I believe that O'Brian includes this story to showcase the brutality and ability that Vietnam had to change people at their core. Many of the were young impressionable teens, including Marry Ann, the jungle and way of life easily molded and shaped them. O'Brien's rhetorical purpose was to show how trans-formative that war and jungle was on all involved.

# data[].attributes.body
Page 118
" His jaw was in his throat, his upper lip and teeth were gone, his one eye was shut, his other eye was a star-shaped hole, his eyebrows were thin and arched like a woman's, his nose was undamaged, there was a slight tear at the lobe of one ear, his clean black hair was swept upward into a cowlick at the rear of the skull, his forehead was lightly freckled, his fingernails were clean, the skin at his left cheek was peeled back in three ragged strips, his right cheek was smooth and hairless, there was a butterfly on his chin, his neck was open to the spinal cord and the blood there was thick and shiny and it was this wound that had killed him. He lay face-up in the center of the trail, a slim, dead, almost dainty young man. He had bony legs, a narrow waist, long shapely fingers. His chest was sunken and poorly muscled—a scholar, maybe. His wrists were the wrists of a child. He wore a black shirt, black pajama pants, a gray ammunition belt, a gold ring on the third finger of his right hand. His rubber sandals had been blown off".
Page 122
" The young man's fingernails were clean. There was a slight tear at the lobe of one ear, a sprinkling of blood on the forearm. He wore a gold ring on the third finger of his right hand. His chest was sunken and poorly muscled—a scholar, maybe. His life was now a constellation of possibilities".

O'Brien repeatedly describes the the mans appearance and story of his life to express how he felt in that moment. He couldn't stop looking at the man he killed, he could stop think about the action he just committed. The repetition represent the torment going on inside his head.

# data[].attributes.body
"She was good at it; she had the moves. All camouflaged up, her face was smooth and vacant, she seemed to flow like water through the dark, like oil, without sound or center. She went barefoot. She stopped carrying a weapon. There were times, apparently, when she took crazy, death-wish chances - things that even the Greenies balked at (Page 109)". This visual imagery gives the reader a sense of how Mary Anne has changed since she go to Vietnam.

# data[].attributes.body
Mary Anne has certainly changed character as she spent more time in Vietnam. She arrived looking like a barbie doll and gave off similar energy. As she spent more time as a medic, she began to find interest in war-like activities. Eventually, her entire posture , along with her mood, was shaped by the war. Enough to the point where she craved battle. So she went off with the Green Beret's, and then one day went off into the mountains and never returned. I think O'Brien included this story to portray how Vietnam can change people. He added a character that was not at all war-like material, and Vietnam changed her life forever.

# data[].attributes.body
"He lay with one leg bent beneath him, his jaw in his throat, his face neither expressive nor inexpressive.  One eye was shut. The other was a star-shaped hole. (Page 124)." In this chapter, Kiowa keeps going back to the "star-shaped eye". O'Brien most likely included this repetition to emphasize what some soldiers go through after taking another man's life. In this case it really took a tole on Kiowa. For he was making references about the boys life. He was a "scholar" and a "mathematician". O'Brien included these features as if Kiowa took that boy's bright future away from him.

# data[].attributes.body
"The way she quickly fell into habits of the bush. No cosmetics, no fingernail filing. She stopped wearing jewelry, cut her hair short and wrapped it in a dark green bandanna. Hygiene became a matter of small consequence." (pg 98)
O'Brien uses descriptive language in this quote to provide an image of the person Mary Anne had become just two week after arriving. Taking this quote and comparing it to the description of Mary Anne when she first arrived it is obvious the transition she made and how her time there impacted her physical appearance.

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien includes the story of Mary Anne to show the progressive changes that war, specifically Vietnam had in changing people. At the beginning of the chapter when Mary Anne first arrives she is described as an attractive girl who was flirtatious and playful and then it shows her transition into a hard worker who did not care so much about appearance and was more serious. The rhetorical purpose of this is to show the impact that Vietnam had on changing someone from the beginning to end of their experience.

# data[].attributes.body
"On a post near the back of the bunk is the head of a leoopard-its skin dangles from the rafters. When Fossie finally sees Mary Anne she is in the same outfit-pink sweater, white blouse, cotton skirt- that she was wearing when she arrived weeks before. But when he approaches her, he sees a necklace made of humman tongues around her neck."

These examples of imagery are all visual imagery

# data[].attributes.body
"The young man's fingernails were clean. There was a slight tear at the lobe of one ear, a sprinkling of blood on the forearm. He wore a gold ring on the third finger of his right hand. His chest was sunken and poorly muscled- a scholar, maybe." (pg 128)
O'Brien uses repetition in describing the appearance of the man and who he is to show the impact that violence had on him. The repetition shows what stuck with him after the violence.

# data[].attributes.body
Visual imagery-  "The seven silhouettes seemed to float across the surface of the earth, like spirits, vaporous and unreal. As he watch. Rat said, it made him think of some weird opium dream. The silhouettes moved without moving."
pg. 105

# data[].attributes.body
Tim O'Brien showing the metamorphosis of Mary Anne was really important because it shows how seeing the war first hand and being in Vietnam changed her. When she first arrived their she was kind, light-heartened and naive but after being their a few weeks and Greenies what she saw changed her and she became a shell of her former self. O'Brien included this chapter to represent what the war can do to you mentally and how it can make you a completely new person.

# data[].attributes.body
"A damp misty night, he couldn't sleep, so he'd gone outside for a quick smoke. He was just standing there, he said, watching the moon, and then off to the west a column of silhouettes appeared as if by magic at the edge of the jungle.
At first he didn't recognize her—a small, soft shadow among six other
shadows. There was no sound. No real substance either. The seven
silhouettes seemed to float across the surface of the earth, like spirits,
vaporous and unreal. As he watched, Rat said, it made him think of some weird opium dream. The silhouettes moved without moving. Silently, one by one, they came up the hill, passed through the wire, and drifted in a loose file across the compound. It was then, Rat said, that he picked out Mary Anne's face. Her eyes seemed to shine in the dark—not blue, though, but a bright glowing jungle green." (pg 100) Powerful visual imagery.

# data[].attributes.body
O'brien strategically includes the story of Mary Anne to show the reader what war does to a person, otherwise innocent and naive. It has the ability to change a person entirely, as shown by the young Mary Anne. One of my favorite quotes from this passage is on page 109, showing accounts of her being lost within herself, standing quietly during open fire with a smile on her face.

# data[].attributes.body
Repetition is a prominent and powerful device used by O'Brien in this chapter. He uses this strategy to convey the shock he was in and the trauma he experienced. By doing so he is able to place the reader in his mindset. "His jaw was in his throat, his upper lip and teeth were gone, his one eye was shut, his other eye was a star-shaped hole, his eyebrows were thin and arched like a woman's, his nose was undamaged, there was a slight tear at the lobe of one ear, his clean black hair was swept upward
into a cowlick at the rear of the skull, his forehead was lightly freckled, his fingernails were clean, the skin at his left cheek was peeled back in three ragged strips, his right cheek was smooth and hairless, there was a butterfly on his chin, his neck was open to the spinal cord and the blood there was thick and shiny and it was this wound that had killed him." (pg118) O'Brien repeats these exact phrases over and over in this chapter to emphasize his emotional state in the moment.

# data[].attributes.body
Repetition is really important in that chapter because it emphasizes how much him killing a man effected him. The quote I choose is "His jaw was in his throat. His one eye was shut and the other was a star-shaped hole." The repetition really gives the notion that the event is burned into his memory, he recalls a ton of details such as what he looked like, what he was wearing and even what he thought his life would have been like had be lived.

# data[].attributes.body
"Her eyes seemed to shine in the dark--not blue, though, but a bright glowing jungle green" (101).
This is a powerful example of visual imagery wherein you see proof of a dramatic change in Mary Anne caused by Vietnam.

# data[].attributes.body
Tim O'Brien used the story of Mary Anne's metamorphosis almost as a tale or an example of what war and this country has done to all the soldiers and the people brought into it. Mary Anne goes from this beautiful image of young, American innocence to a total animal that craved danger and mystery that only the jungles of Vietnam offered. He explained later in this chapter that "what happened to her is what happened to all of them," that "Vietnam had the effect of a powerful drug: that mix of unnamed terror and unnamed pleasure that comes as the needle slips in and you know you're risking something"(109). He says that you become "intimate with danger" and this is exactly what Mary Anne did. However it's the story that covers more than just her, this seems to happen often to those in the war zone. Being in such close proximity to death and the ability to inflict it is possibly what O'Brien is trying to comment on, the metamorphosis of Mary represents the metamorphosis of soldiers from young and innocent to dirty.

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien repeats the description of the boy he killed multiple times, repeating phrases like the "star shaped hole." This is very significant in relaying his coping mechanism, which is kind of odd in a sense that humanizing this man only makes you feel worse for taking his life, but I suppose it worked for him. There is also some strong parallelism at the end of the chapter: "He knew he would die quickly. He knew he would see a flash of light. He knew he would fall dead and wake up in the stories of his village and people" (124). This repetition of "he knew" shows that this man, in O'Brien's mind, knew he wouldn't make it through. Maybe saying that he knew it would happen made it easier for O'Brien to accept the fact that he killed him. Also the line "he would wake up in the stories" was a powerful one, it relates to the beginning of the chapter where he spoke of the man learning the legends of the Trung sisters, etc. Now he has become one of those legends or stories. But the way he wrote it, "wake up in the stories," it sticks with you. Bravo O'Brien.

# data[].attributes.body
The story of Mary Anne shows how war can affect and change someone. O'Brien uses this to portray how Vietnam and the violence and destruction can affect someone and change them forever. Marry Anne was a young teenager and wasn't prepared for all of this, so it affected her greatly.

# data[].attributes.body
"He pictured Kiowa's face. They'd been close buddies, the tightest, and
he remembered how last night they had huddled together under their
ponchos, the rain cold and steady, the water rising to their knees, but
how Kiowa had just laughed it off and said they should concentrate on
better things."(108)
This is visual imagery because he describes them huddled together in the rain with ponchos, etc.

# data[].attributes.body
"boned, the young man would not have wanted to
be a soldier and in his heart would have feared performing badly in
battle." (81)
He keeps repeating himself because of how killing him traumatized him. He couldn't stop taring and thinking about him because of how it affected him. The man he killed and him were similar in some ways. Or the way he thought of him was.

# data[].attributes.body
"To the north and west the country rose up in thick walls of wilderness, triple-canopied jungle, mountains unfolding into higher mountains, ravines and gorges and fast-moving rivers and waterfalls and exotic butterflies and steep cliffs and smoky little hamlets and great valleys of bamboo and elephant grass." (page 87)

This is visual. It defines what the reader is seeing as the author describes it.

# data[].attributes.body
At first, O'Brien shows her as this bubbly and happy girl, she seems to be somewhat carefree and happy-go-lucky. He uses her changes to show the reader how Vietnam has affected certain individuals and how getting involved with a war-stricken time can greatly change the way people act and the way they feel about life after the fact.

# data[].attributes.body
"He knew he would die quickly. He knew he would see a flash of light. He knew he would fall dead and wake up in the stories of his village and people." (page 124)
It's almost like he knew what he was doing was dangerous, he knew that at any moment his life could be gone within seconds. After finding the body, he realized that deep down and it took somewhat of a hard hit on him, making him realize that this was the reality now.

# data[].attributes.body
"At the end of the second week, when four casualties came in, Mary Anne wasn't afraid to get her hands bloody. At times, in fact, she seemed fascinated by it. Not the gore so much, but the adrenaline buzz that went with the job, that quick hot rush in your veins when the choppers settled down and you had to do things fast and right. No time for sorting through options, no thinking at all; you just stuck your hands in and started plugging up holes" (pg 93).
This is a powerful example of tactile imagery, as it describes a human feeling that contributed to Mary Anne's changes through the chapter.

# data[].attributes.body
I think O'Brien shows this transformation to prove a point about the way that war transforms people. He showed, by writing this chapter, how an ideological and girl of pure innocence was transformed by the environment and reality of war. He shows that even the most pure people can be rapidly changed by things they may face during wartime. His rhetorical purpose in writing this chapter was to create an argument about the drastic changes war can cause, and show how it can corrupt even the most idealistic woman in American society. It makes the reader think about how they might be affected If they were put in this situation.

# data[].attributes.body
An instance of repetition I noticed throughout this chapter was the repeating notion of the "star shaped hole" of the mans eye. This occurs, for example, in the initial description of the man, and several more times like "His one eye was shut and the other was a star shaped hole" and again "the star shaped hole was red and yellow" (pg 120). The repetition of this phrase is important as it reveals an important detail to the character about this man. I believe that it shows the disbelief that he killed the man and he keeps returning to that common feature. The fact that he refers to the eye as a star shaped hole shows that it is a very prominent feature to the character that the man is dead and he shot him. The repetition of this phrase just brings back up the disbelief that the character felt and the realization that he actually killed this man.

# data[].attributes.body
Visual imagery
"The way she quickly fell into the habits of the bush. No cosmetics, no fingernail filing. She stopped wearing jewelry, cut her hair short and wrapped it in a dark green bandanna" (O'Brien, 94).

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien shows the change of Mary Anne Bell to describe how young people will morph into their environment. So far, O'Brien has given descriptions about his personal life before the war and then war stories from both himself and others, recounting some funny and horrible memories that others brought forward. So far, he hasn't described how these young men have changed from being their fun, joyous and naive selves into these war-mongering, soul-hardened people who have seen what no other person should see. So, he goes about this with Rat's story of Mary Anne Bell, recounting how she and Mark Fossie were in love before the war, and how Mary Anne had changed to fit, so to speak, with the Vietnamese wilderness, and losing tough with her previous self.

# data[].attributes.body
The repetition in the chapter "The Man I Killed" is to show of course how much gore was in that specific moment, and also to prelude how Kiowa will be affected by it later. This is used with phrases like "the star shaped hole" (118) in his eye and "His head was wrenched sideways, as if loose at the neck ..." (O'Brien, 123), showing anaphora, which is to elude to the audience of how utterly horrible and gory the situation was, rather than just saying it once and then leaving it alone

# data[].attributes.body
Auditory Imagery
". . .and out in the dark there was music playing. Not loud but not soft either. It had a chaotic, almost unmusical sound, without rhythm or form or progression, like the noise of nature. A synthesizer, it seemed, or maybe an electric organ. In the background, just audible, a women's voice was half singing, half chanting, but the lyrics seemed to be in a foreign tongue (O'Brien 103)."

# data[].attributes.body
visual/ auditory imagery- "To the north and west the country rose up in thick walls of wilderness, triple-canopies jungle, mountains unfolding into higher mountains ravines and gorges and fast moving rivers and waterfalls exotic butterflies and steep cliffs and smokey little hamlets ang great valleys of bamboo and elephant grass." page: 87

# data[].attributes.body
His purpose is to show how a person's environment and circumstances can change/ shape them. He uses Mary anne in order to convey how an innocent pure girl was transformed and changed by horrific effects of war. THis was for us to make that connection. These soldiers are being transformed from the people they used to be in order to defend their country and be surrounded by blood, tragedy. Their mindsets have evolved into a defenseful, survival, patriotic calling. A mindset that was shaped by war.

# data[].attributes.body
"Then he said, man I'm sorry" "one eye was shut. The other was a star shaped hole." Page 124 He is in disbelief that he ended a mans life. regardless of an enemy. He is human and not "immune" to killing as non of them are. However, there is no other option. It truly shows there situation and mental state/ conscience battling against each other in an internal war. the repetition throughout the chapter expresses to the reader the mental war he is going through and expresses the toll war is taking on him.

# data[].attributes.body
The metamorphosis of Mary Anne is included by O'Brien to relay how drastically and quickly people changed in Vietnam. Even the softest and most innocent seeming girl had transformed into a coarse individual to suit the environment of Vietnam. To me, it was as if O'Brien was detailing the end of innocence in Mary Anne. This chapter illustrated the changes that soldiers went through in Vietnam.

# data[].attributes.body
The role of repetition in "The Man I Killed" served the purpose of showing how much of an impact this had had on O'Brien. "He lay with one leg bent beneath him, his jaw in his throat, his face neither expressive nor inexpressive. One eye was shut. The other was a star-shaped hole (O'Brien 124)." This quote at the end of the chapter is almost the exact same one at the beginning of the chapter. He cannot help but remember every exact detail about the dead body of the young man. He imagines the mutilated features over and over again in his mind, just as he writes them over again in the chapter.

# data[].attributes.body
“The compound was situated at the top of a flat-crested hill along the northern outskirts of Tra Bong. At one end was a small dirt helipad; at the other end, in a rough semicircle, the mess hall and medical hoot he’s overlooked a river called the Song Tra Bong. Surrounding the place were tangled rolls of concertina wire, with bunkers and reinforced firing positions at staggering intervals,” (87). This visual imagery allows the reader to get a feel for where they are and why they fel safe there. The compound is well secured and brings a sense of safeness to all inside of it.

# data[].attributes.body
"But what hit you first, Rat said, was the smell. Two kinds of smells. There was a topmost scent of joss sticks and incense, like the fumes of some exotic smoke-house, but beneath the smoke lay a deeper and much more powerful stench. Impossible to describe, Rat said. It paralyzed your lungs. Thick and numbing, like an animal's den, a mix of blood and scorched hair and excretment and the sweet-sour odor of moldering flesh-the stink of the kill" (O'Brien 104-105). This is olfactory.

# data[].attributes.body
O’Brein uses Mary Anne’s change to portray how war brings out the worst in people. She started as a kind “sweetheart” then shifted into a monster. If it happened to her then it can happen to anyone that gets involved in the war.

# data[].attributes.body
"His jaw was in his throat. His one eye was shut and the other was a star-shaped hole." (118). The repetition of the Star shaped hole was to show how upset he was with killing the man. He repeats different physical traits of this man because he cannot stop thinking about him and what he did. This changed him in a bad way.

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien shows us the transition of Mary Anne to capture the manner in which war changes a person. Mary Anne serves largely as a figure of purity in these soldiers before they went to war. She is soft, bubbly, and traditionally feminine. The boys went into war at a very young age, still possessing these traits of purity and a more gentle nature. O'Brien's purpose in Mary Anne transforming from an amiable, kind sweetheart to essentially a monster represents how war destroys the softer characters of the young men at war. As their innocence is lost, they morph into much crueler, more hostile figures than they once were before the war.

# data[].attributes.body
Repetition highlights the trauma O'Brien continues to go through after killing the solider. The essence of the man he killed is forever with him. O'Brien is unable to exculpate himself from the hardships he suffers over killing the man, and he replays the state of the dead man and the story he's fabricated in his head to humanize this man. "He had no stomach for violence. He loved mathematics. His eyebrows were thin and arched like a woman's, and at school the boys sometimes teased him about how pretty he was, the arched eyebrows and long shapely fingers, and on the playground they mimicked a woman's walk and made fun of his smooth skin and his love for mathematics. The young man could not make himself fight them. He often wanted to, but he was afraid, and this increased his shame. If he could not fight little boys, he thought, how could he ever  become a soldier and fight the Americans with their airplanes and helicopters and bombs?" (O'Brien 121).

# data[].attributes.body
".... and out in the dark there was music playing. Not loud but not soft either. It had a chaotic, almost unmusical sound, without rhythm or form or progression, like the noise of nature. A synthesizer, it seemed, or maybe an electric organ. In the background, just audible, a woman's voice was half singing, half chanting, but the lyrics seemed to be in a foreign tongue" (O'Brien, 103). - Auditory Imagery

# data[].attributes.body
Mary Anne was used to display the impact that the Vietnam War has on people and how this girl can go from being bubbly and innocent to someone damaged from events of the war. This gives us a sort of differing stand point, not using a soldier as an example, but someone else you usually don't expect to be in a story such as this, or caught up in events/specific affects such as this. These boys go to war as teenagers, young men, people with families and innocent lives that are impacted by years at war watching friends die, constantly hearing explosions, wondering if they'll be able to make it home. The impact that all of this has on them, just like Mary Anne, takes away the innocence they once had before the war and makes them a more aggressive and damaged version of themselves.

# data[].attributes.body
Repetition is a very prominent rhetorical tool used in "The Man I Killed" as O'Brien describes the details of the man he killed with a grenade. As he gives out the details, "His jaw was in his throat, his upper lip and teeth were gone, his one eye was shut, his other eye was a star-shaped hole, his eyebrows were thin and arched like a woman's., his nose was undamaged..." (O'Brien, 118). We see how this tragic event has forever scarred O'Brien and he still remembers every last detail haunting him. It's purpose is to display how men in this war did things they never would have done if it wasn't for being drafted. How this war turns innocent, harmless men into killers and how the part of them that is still there that makes it out of the war remembers the images of the people they killed like it was just yesterday.

# data[].attributes.body
Visual imagery- "A tall, big-boned blonde. At best, Rat said, she was seventeen years old, fresh out of Cleveland Heights Senior High, She had long white legs and blue eyes and a complexion like strawberry ice cream"(pg. 89).

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien showed us this to prove that war can change anyone. She started out sweet and timid and then began to change out of necessity. Her clothes, nails, and hair, then she began helping the wounded and learning about weapons and war tactics. She truly changed when she started going on ambushes. Fossie tried to change her back but she was too far gone. She disappeared and became a monster that the Greenies feared on their missions.

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien repeated the idea of the man's wedding ring, the fact that he could have been a scholar, and the fact that there was a star-shaped hole where his eye should have been several times. The star-shaped hole is the main injury that O'Brien focused on and the other things just reminded him that he killed someone who had a life and a family. He couldn't detach which made the kill that much worse.

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien shows this transformation of Mary Anne to demonstrate the loss of innocence. Mary Anne represents the outsider who doesn't belong in Vietnam. She's emblematic of transformation, in the sence that she arrives as a "pretty girl wearing culottes" and morphs into an "animal-like hunter" who wears a necklace of tongues. O'Brien uses this as a parallel and exaggerates the change that all young men went through as a result of the Vietnam War.

# data[].attributes.body
Visual Imagery- "As Rat described it, the compound was situated at the top of a flat crested hill along the northern outskirts of Tra Bong. At one end was a small dirt helipad; at the other end, in a rough semicircle, the mess hall and medical hootches overlooked a river called the Song Tra Bong" (87).

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien chooses to show us this transformation in order to demonstrate the true psychological impact that war can have on people and how it can create monsters out of even the most innocent people on earth. O'Brien's rhetorical purpose in writing this is to convey the overwhelming evil within war and to demonstrate it's true impact.

# data[].attributes.body
"He wore a black shirt, black pajama pants, a gray ammunition belt, a gold ring on the third finger of his right hand. His rubber sandals has been blown off. One lay beside him, the other a few meters up the hill" (118-119).
O'Brien uses the repetition of pronouns like He and His to demonstrate his issue with war. O'Brien's use of these pronouns demonstrates that he has no personal connection to the person he killed but he still feels remorseful. The pronouns create a moral issue within O'Brien as he still is able to humanize someone he has been trained to kill.

# data[].attributes.body
Visual Imagery: "The way she quickly into the habits of the bush. No cosmetics, no fingernail filing. She stopped wearing jewelry, cut her hair short and wrapped it in a dark green bandanna. Hygiene became a matter of small consequence."

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien wants to show us the transformation of Mary Ann from a stereotypical sweetheart to a soldier of the Vietnam War as she represents everything the men coveted. They valued their own innocence and appearance, but, in order to survive in the war, they had to become more serious and concentrated. War also made puerile actions less enjoyable. Similarly,  soldiers desperately wanted to experience the beauty of females again; however, even that desire became corrupted over time. Everything was subject to the war, so nothing maintained the original supposed value nor  the known features. Regardless of if Mary Ann was really in Vietnam, this chapter focuses readers on the fact that war changes everything, and usually in a harsh manner.

# data[].attributes.body
Throughout the Man I Killed Chapter, O'Brien talks of the young man's traits and the possibilities of what his life had been. "The young man's fingernails were clean. There was a slight tear at the lobe of one ear, a sprinkling of blood on his forearm. He wore a gold ring on the third finger of his right hand. His chest was sunken and poorly measured- a scholar, maybe." Despite the other soldiers' attempts, O'Brien could not stop staring at the life he had ended. The man, physically, was destroyed from what O'Brien did; his body showing all the tragic signs of desolation. He was coated in blood and his delicate features were rewritten after O'Brien threw the grenade, on impulse. This chapter helps readers to realize some of the immense hardship that comes with taking another's life. O'Brien could not focus upon anything else in that time except for the dead man in front of him. The physical traits present led O'Brien to create his own backstory for the man he had killed; he could not circumvent the tragedy of what he had done, even though it he was at war. The man had been young with some feminine traits, so O'Brien posited that he was a man of arithmetic, one who never wanted to go to war, but felt shame at denying what was deemed as an honor. O'Brien drew parallels of this man to himself; scholarly and peaceful. The two men interacted in war; the survivor realized he had just killed another man. They weren't too different from each other, but one survived the war and painfully saw the other's humanity

# data[].attributes.body
Example of VISUAL imagery:
“He was just standing there, he said, watching the moon, and then off to the west a column of silhouettes appeared as if by magic at the margin of the jungle. At first he didn't recognize her---a small, soft shadow among six other shadows. There was no sound. No real substance either. The seven silhouettes seemed to float across the surface of the earth, like spirits, vaporous and unreal. As he watched, Rat said, it made him think of some freaky opium dream. The silhouettes moved without moving. Silently, one by one, they came up the hill, passed through the wire, and drifted in a loose file across the compound. It was then, Rat said, that he picked out Mary Anne’s face. Her eyes seemed to shine in the dark---not blue, though, but a bright glowing jungle green” (O’Brien 100,101).

# data[].attributes.body
Repetition plays a large role in showing how O'Brien was affected during the Vietnam War after he had killed a man. This was very traumatic for O'Brien and is now dealing with this distant memory of what the man looked like lying there dead. Through repetition he explains the details of the man's body and what visuals he saw in the moment it happened.
“His jaw was in his throat, his upper lip and teeth were gone, his one eye was shut, his other eye was a star-shaped hole, his eyebrows worth in an arched like a woman's, his nose was undamaged, there was a slight tear at the lobe of one ear, his clean black hair was swept upward into a cowlick at the rear of the skull, his forehead was lightly freckled, his fingernails were clean, the skin of his left cheek was peeled back in three ragged strips, his right cheek was smooth and hairless, there was a butterfly on his chin, his neck was open to the spinal cord in the blood there was thick and shiny and it was this wound that had killed him” (O’Brien 118).

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien chooses to tell this story of Mary Anne's transformation in order to show the impact of war on a person. Mary Anne came being a young and innocent girl with no understanding of what war was really like. Throughout her time spent there and her growing curiosity, she completely changed, even her appearance. She became interested in learning about handling weaponry and being involved with combat. The rhetorical purpose was to show the shift of a soldier's "sweetheart" from being very sweet and bubbly to a more serious and intense person apart of the war. War is something that can take over a person, much like Mary Anne.

# data[].attributes.body
"His jaw was in his throat, his upper lip and teeth were gone, his one
eye was shut, his other eye was a star-shaped hole, his eyebrows were
thin and arched like a woman's, his nose was undamaged, there was a
slight tear at the lobe of one ear, his clean black hair was swept upward
into a cowlick at the rear of the skull, his forehead was lightly freckled,
his fingernails were clean, the skin at his left cheek was peeled back in
three ragged strips, his right cheek was smooth and hairless, there was a
butterfly on his chin, his neck was open to the spinal cord and the blood
there was thick and shiny and it was this wound that had killed him. He
lay face-up in the center of the trail, a slim, dead, almost dainty young
man. He had bony legs, a narrow waist, long shapely fingers. His chest
was sunken and poorly muscled—a scholar, maybe. His wrists were the
wrists of a child. He wore a black shirt, black pajama pants, a gray
ammunition belt, a gold ring on the third finger of his right hand. His
rubber sandals had been blown off."  Page 118

O'Brien uses the repetiton of visual imagery of the man he just killed. O'Brien is so fixated on the fact that he just killed a man with a grenade, so we can see through the large account of details that he is horrified and this section of the story is very traumatic for O'Brien. This repetition shows the affect of the Vietnam War on the soldiers, especially O'Brien.

# data[].attributes.body
pg 98. " it was as if he had trouble recognizing her. She wore a brush hat and filthy green fatigues. She carried the standard M-16 automatic riffle Her face was black with charcoal"

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien uses the metamorphosis of Anne Marie to emphasize the overall tone of detrimental change through out the chapter. In the beginning of the chapter, Anne Marie is described softly and endearingly. We see her change and become more and more hardened from her environment. She changes not only physically, but mentally as well. The purpose of writing this chapter was to directly display the effects that war can have on a person. Any person.

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien uses lots of repetition in this chapter, however he uses it somewhat subtly, for example, he mentions several times that the mans nose was undamaged and his eye had been blown to a star shape, however he never uses the same phrasing. The repetition represents the astonishment of the killing. The fact that each feature is described multiple times but in multiple different contexts, displays the extent of the guilt he felt. He was so astonished at what had just taken place, he was unable to only recall each feature just once.

# data[].attributes.body
"To the north and west the country rose up in thick walls of wilderness, triple-canopied jungle, mountains unfolding into higher mountains, ravines and gorges and fast-moving rivers and waterfalls and exotic butterflies and steep cliffs and smoky little hamlets and great valleys of bamboo and elephant grass." Visual, Pg. 87

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien includes the metamorphosis of Mary Anne to show the effect war has on the soldiers. At the beginning of the chapter she was just a sweet seventeen year old girl hopelessly in love. But as the weeks progress and she learns more about the war you slowly watch her change. She stops caring about hygiene and she barely laughed, until eventually the war turned her into a predator/monster living in the mountains of Vietnam. This half story half truth is used to show what these soldiers went through, as they were once bright eyed and innocent young men, but they slowly turned into monsters as they became conditioned to violence.

# data[].attributes.body
"...his neck was open to the spinal cord and the blood there was thick and shiny and it was this wound that had killed him." (pg. 118)
"The  man's head was cocked at a wrong angle, as if loose at the neck, and the neck was thick with blood." (pg. 120)
"The wounds at his neck had not yet clotted, which made him seem animate even in death, the blood still spreading out across his shirt."(pg. 122)
"The bleeding had stopped except for the neck wounds." (pg. 123)
"The blood at the neck had gone to a deep purplish black." (pg. 123)
"...his jaw in his throat, his face neither expressive nor inexpressive..." (pg. 124)
In this chapter he continually repeats the details about the young mans dead body, like the freckles on his forehead, he star shaped hole that replaced his eye, and his neck. This repetition is representing the passage of time. The blood at his neck was thick and shiny, the blood beginning to clot, the only place bleeding, and finally it turning a deep purple. It shows how long he stood there, the creeping guilt. And even when Kiowa covered the body, he continued to see the young mans face, the image being burned into his mind.

# data[].attributes.body
Sensory imagery - "I can feel my blood moving, my skin, my fingernails, everything, it's like I'm full of electricity and I'm glowing in the dark" (Page 106)

# data[].attributes.body
He writes this chapter to give a powerful example of how war changes people, makes them stern, colder, or in her case, less bubbly, which was her main attraction in Fossie's eyes.

# data[].attributes.body
Visual and tactical. "That's how I feel. It's like this appetite. I get scared sometimes--lots of times--but it's not bad. you know? I feel close to myself. When i'm out there at night, I feel close to my own body, I can feel my blood moving, my skin and my fingernail everything, it's like I'm full of electricity in the glowing dark." (pg 106).

# data[].attributes.body
The repetition in the first sentence of the chapter is an excellent example of the tool being used to drill a point into your head. By listing each injury in separate sentences, it emphasizes the horribleness of what he was witnessing, all the while making it feel more real to the reader.

# data[].attributes.body
Mary Anne's metamorphosis is very important to the story and O'Brien's overall message.  Mary Anne, this innocent person changes into a monster. This goes to show the effect war has and how it changes people . This makes you feel uneasy about war. This is exactly how O'Brien wants you to feel.

# data[].attributes.body
"In part it was her eyes: utterly flat and indifferent. There was no emotion in her stare, no sense of person behind it. But the grotesque part, he said, was her jewelry. At the girl's throat was a necklace of human tongues. Elongated and narrow, like pieces of blackened leather, the tongues were threaded along a length of copper wire, one tongue overlapping the next, the tips curled upward as if caught in a final shrill syllable" (105-106).
Visual Imagery.

# data[].attributes.body
"For a long while the girl gazed down at Fossie, almost blankly, and in the candlelight her face had the composure of someone perfectly at peace with herself. It took a few seconds, Rat said, to appreciate the full change. In part it was her eyes: utterly flat and indifferent. There was no emotion in her stare, no sense of the person behind it. But the grotesque part, he said, was her jewelry. At the girl's throat was a necklace of human tongues. Elongated and narrow, like pieces of blackened leather, the tongues were threaded along a length of copper wire, one overlapping the next, the tips curled upward as if caught in a final shrill
syllable." pg 105-106
Visual Imagery

# data[].attributes.body
Repetition plays a very large role in this chapter. This is very prominent whenever he keeps repeating the details about the man that he had killed. This goes to show that this obviously took a toll on him and his mental health.
"His jaw was in his throat, his upper lip and teeth were gone, his one
eye was shut, his other eye was a star-shaped hole, his eyebrows were
thin and arched like a woman's, his nose was undamaged, there was a
slight tear at the lobe of one ear, his clean black hair was swept upward
into a cowlick at the rear of the skull, his forehead was lightly freckled,
his fingernails were clean, the skin at his left cheek was peeled back in
three ragged strips, his right cheek was smooth and hairless, there was a
butterfly on his chin, his neck was open to the spinal cord and the blood
there was thick and shiny and it was this wound that had killed him. He
lay face-up in the center of the trail, a slim, dead, almost dainty young
man. He had bony legs, a narrow waist, long shapely fingers. His chest
was sunken and poorly muscled—a scholar, maybe."
Pg 118

# data[].attributes.body
Throughout this chapter Mary Anne goes from being a pretty and naive girl to someone completely disillusioned and fundamentally changed because of her experience in the war. O'Brien's inclusion of Mary Anne and really much of his purpose behind this entire chapter was to show how the Vietnam War would change and disillusion those who fought in it and were involved in it. The war took people from their fairly comfortable lives and pushed them into a new, dark, gruesome, and traumatizing reality that these people would have to carry for the rest of their life.

# data[].attributes.body
"His jaw was in his throat ... his one eye was shut, his other eye was a star-shaped hole ... there was a slight tear at the lobe of one ear ... his fingernails were clean ... his chest was sunken and poorly muscled--a scholar maybe ... a gold ring on the third finger of his right hand" (118).
"His jaw was in his throat. His one eye was shut and the other was a star-shaped hole"(120).
"The young man's fingernails were clean. There was a slight tear at the lobe of one ear, a sprinkling of blood on the forearm. He wore a gold ring on the third finger of his right hand. His chest was sunken and poorly muscled--a scholar maybe."(122)
O'Brien uses the repetition of details about the Vietnamese soldier he killed to emphasize how lasting and significant this event was on his life and how this man, his details, and his life story stick with him to this day.

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien shows us this transformation of Mary Anne to represent the impact of war on human nature. The environment that humans are effects their behavior. for example, when she just got to Vietnam she was a innocent girl because all she knew was her previous safe environment, and her behavior began to change when in Vietnam; which is a risky, unsafe environment.

# data[].attributes.body
The quote "He lay with one leg bent beneath him, his jaw in his throat, his face neither expressive nor inexpressive. One eye was shut. the other was a star-shaped hole "(124) was repeated in this chapter to emphasis how this moment was significant for him. It plays continually in his head because he remembers the details so vividly and it was traumatic for him, as an event that will haunt him for life

# data[].attributes.body
Visual imagery
To the North and West the country rose up in thick walls of wilderness, triple-canopied jungle, mountains unfolding into higher mountains, ravines and gorges and . . .
(O'Brien 87)

# data[].attributes.body
O'Brien writes of the shift of Mary Anne to alarm the reader, and show how the vigor of war will take even the most innocent of souls and rip them apart into monsters. This is in a way an extension into determinism and its philosophy, suggesting there is no escape, and war's evils are inevitable.

# data[].attributes.body
"His jaw was in his throat, his upper lip and teeth were gone, his one eye was shut, his other eye was a star-shaped hole, his eyebrows were thin and arched like a woman's, his nose was undamaged, there was a slight tear at the lobe of one ear, his clean black hair was swept upward into a cowlick at the rear of the skull . . . (O'Brien 118) This sentiment is carried throughout the section, where he continues to identify the physical appearance of the body, cycling over details in his mind. This is designed to show the reader how inescapable the thoughts were, and how they were constantly in his mind, over and over again.