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Stefan Banach (30 March 1892 – 31 August 1945) was a polish mathematician. He is considered one of the world's most important and influential 20th-century mathematicians. He was the founder of modern functional analysis which is studies the transformations of functions and their algebraic and topological properties.

By: Sophia Albert

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Albert Einstein was a mathematician born in Germany. He lived from 1879- 1955. He is known for his theory of relativity and for his influence on the philosophy of science.

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Po-Shen Lo is an American mathematician and a professor of mathematics at Carnegie Mellon University. He was born on June 18, 1982 and is 38 years old.His greatest accomplishment has been his time as the head coach of the United States' International Math Olympiad team. Under his coaching, the team won the competition in 2015, 2016, 2018, and 2019

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John Napier was a Scottish born mathematician. He was born February 1, 1550 and died on April 4, 1617. He is best known for discovering logarithms. He also invented a mathematical artifact called Napier's bones which offered mechanical means for facilitating computation.

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Sofia was a Russian mathematician born on January 15, 1850 in Moscow. Math was always around her growing up, even on the walls of her nursery. Although she faced many challenges to pursue a math career as a women, she successfully studied math at a university in Heidelberg. She grew on to be the first prominent female Russian mathematician. Her most recognizable contributions were to differential equations and mechanics.
-Emily

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Nikolai Luzin was a Russian-Soviet mathematician Born on December 9, 1883 and died January 29, 1950. He was known for mathematical analysis with strong connections to point-set topology and descriptive set theory.

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George Saitoti was a Kenyan politician, businessman and American- and British-trained economist, mathematician and development policy thinker.

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She is an iranian mathmatition, who was the first woman to ever receive the Feild's Award which is described as the Nobel Prize of Math. She was born in Tehran Iran on May 12th 1977, and died on July 14th 2017 of cancer.

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iranian woman mathematician - Google Search

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maryam nobel prize winner sara zahedi math mathematical olympiad manjul bhargava swedish stanford stanford university medal

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He was a Greek mathematician and often referred to as "the creator of geometry" His Elements is one of the most influential works in the history of mathematics.

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He is an Ancient Greek mathematician who lived from 287-212 Bc. He is considered the greatest mathematician of all time. He derived an accurate approximation of pi. He also created a system of exponents.

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Emily Noether was a German mathematician that added to abstract algebra. She also made a famous theorem called Noether theorem. She also won a cool award.

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Born December 10th, 1815 in London.Countess Ada Lovelace was a writer and mathematician whose widely known for her contribution to the Analytical Engine. The analytical Engine was one of the first analytical computer, and Lovelace became one of the first people to recognize the potential in computers.

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he was born in 1731 and was also known as a African American Scientist. He was multi-talented and who self educated himself in astronomy and mathematics. He was also into writing since an early age.

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Born June 23 1912, London. Died June 7 1954, Wilmslow, Cheshire. Alan Turing was a British mathematician famous for decoding a German War machine called the 'Enigma'. The machine sent secret codes to German forces in U-Boats headed to kill Allied forces during WW11. In 1941, Alan and his team decoded the machine, steering their ships away from the Germans, saving thousands of lives.

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Born June 23 1912, London. Died June 7 1954, Wilmslow, Cheshire. Alan Turing was a British mathematician who is famous for

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Thales of Miletus was one of the earliest known mathematicians.  He was alive around 585 BC he has been called the first true mathematician and the first known person to whom a mathematical discovery has been attributed.

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Born in year 360 in Alexandria Egypt. She was an astronomer, mathematician, and philosopher. She was the prominent thinker in the Neoplatonic school and was regarded as the best mathematician and astronomer of her time.

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Amalie Emmy Noether was a German-Jewish mathematician born on March 23, 1882 in Erlangen, Germany; she died on April 14, 1935. She is most well for her work in Abstract Alegbra, and Noether's Theorem is named after her.One of her most famous quotes is "My methods are really methods of working and thinking; this is why they have crept in everywhere anonymously."

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Emmy Noether, in full Amalie Emmy Noether, (born March 23, 1882, Erlangen, Germany-died April 14, 1935, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, U.S.), German mathematician whose innovations in higher algebra gained her recognition as the most creative abstract algebraist of modern times.

Noether was certified to teach English and French in schools for girls in 1900, but she instead chose to study mathematics at the University of Erlangen (now University of Erlangen-Nürnberg). At that time, women were only allowed to audit classes with the permission of the instructor. She spent the winter of 1903-04 auditing classes at the University of Göttingen taught by mathematicians David Hilbert, Felix Klein, and Hermann Minkowski and astronomer Karl Schwarzschild. She returned to Erlangen in 1904 when women were allowed to be full students there. She received a Ph.D. degree from Erlangen in 1907, with a dissertation on algebraic invariants. She remained at Erlangen, where she worked without pay on her own research and assisting her father, mathematician Max Noether (1844-1921).

In 1915 Noether was invited to Göttingen by Hilbert and Klein and soon used her knowledge of invariants helping them to explore the mathematics behind Albert Einstein's recently published theory of general relativity. Hilbert and Klein persuaded her to remain there despite the vehement objections of some faculty members to a woman teaching at the university. Nevertheless, she could only lecture in classes under Hilbert's name. In 1918 Noether discovered that if the Lagrangian (a quantity that characterizes a physical system; in mechanics, it is kinetic minus potential energy) does not change when the coordinate system changes, then there is a quantity that is conserved. For example, when the Lagrangian is independent of changes in time, then energy is the conserved quantity. This relation between what are known as the symmetries of a physical system and its conservation laws is known as Noether's theorem and has proven to be a key result in theoretical physics. She won formal admission as an academic lecturer in 1919.

The appearance of "Moduln in nichtkommutativen Bereichen, insbesondere aus Differential- und Differenzenausdrücken" (1920; "Concerning Moduli in Noncommutative Fields, Particularly in Differential and Difference Terms"), written in collaboration with a Göttingen colleague, Werner Schmeidler, and published in Mathematische Zeitschrift, marked the first notice of Noether as an extraordinary mathematician. For the next six years her investigations centred on the general theory of ideals (special subsets of rings), for which her residual theorem is an important part. On an axiomatic basis she developed a general theory of ideals for all cases. Her abstract theory helped draw together many important mathematical developments.

From 1927 Noether concentrated on noncommutative algebras (algebras in which the order in which numbers are multiplied affects the answer), their linear transformations, and their application to commutative number fields. She built up the theory of noncommutative algebras in a newly unified and purely conceptual way. In collaboration with Helmut Hasse and Richard Brauer, she investigated the structure of noncommutative algebras and their application to commutative fields by means of cross product (a form of multiplication used between two vectors). Important papers from this period are "Hyperkomplexe Grössen und Darstellungstheorie" (1929; "Hypercomplex Number Systems and Their Representation") and "Nichtkommutative Algebra" (1933; "Noncommutative Algebra").

In addition to research and teaching, Noether helped edit the Mathematische Annalen. From 1930 to 1933 she was the centre of the strongest mathematical activity at Göttingen. The extent and significance of her work cannot be accurately judged from her papers. Much of her work appeared in the publications of students and colleagues; many times a suggestion or even a casual remark revealed her great insight and stimulated another to complete and perfect some idea.

When the Nazis came to power in Germany in 1933, Noether and many other Jewish professors at Göttingen were dismissed. In October she left for the United States to become a visiting professor of mathematics at Bryn Mawr College and to lecture and conduct research at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. She died suddenly of complications from an operation on an ovarian cyst. Einstein wrote shortly after her death that "Noether was the most significant creative mathematical genius thus far produced since the higher education of women began."

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Emmy Noether, German mathematician whose innovations in higher algebra gained her recognition as the most creative abstract algebraist of modern times. Noether was certified to teach English and French in schools for girls in 1900, but she instead chose to study mathematics at the University of

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Born 1845 in Russia. Died 1918 in Germany. He was a mathematician who and he created set theory. He attended Humboldt University of Berlin, ETH Zurich, and Technische Universitat Darmstadt. One of his most famous quotes is "The essence of mathematics lies in its freedom".

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david hilbert leopold kronecker richard dedekind 1845 1918 karl weierstrass infinity georg ferdinand ludwig philipp cantor infinite german mathematician set theory

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Born 1815. Died 1852. English mathematician and writer. Best known for her work on The Analytical Engine, a mechanical general purpose computer. Published the first mathematic algorithm to be carried out by such a machine. Also credited as the first to recognize the potential (besides computation)of computers.

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Born in 1887 in India, died in 1920.  obtained a copy of George Shoobridge Carr’s Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics, 2 vol. when he was 15, sparked his genius in math.  contributions to the theory of numbers include pioneering discoveries of the properties of the partition function.

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Srinivasa Ramanujan, (born December 22, 1887, Erode, India-died April 26, 1920, Kumbakonam), Indian mathematician whose contributions to the theory of numbers include pioneering discoveries of the properties of the partition function.

Where was Srinivasa Ramanujan educated?

What were Srinivasa Ramanujan's contributions?

What is Srinivasa Ramanujan remembered for?

When he was 15 years old, he obtained a copy of George Shoobridge Carr's Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics, 2 vol. (1880-86). This collection of thousands of theorems, many presented with only the briefest of proofs and with no material newer than 1860, aroused his genius. Having verified the results in Carr's book, Ramanujan went beyond it, developing his own theorems and ideas. In 1903 he secured a scholarship to the University of Madras but lost it the following year because he neglected all other studies in pursuit of mathematics.

Ramanujan continued his work, without employment and living in the poorest circumstances. After marrying in 1909 he began a search for permanent employment that culminated in an interview with a government official, Ramachandra Rao. Impressed by Ramanujan's mathematical prowess, Rao supported his research for a time, but Ramanujan, unwilling to exist on charity, obtained a clerical post with the Madras Port Trust.

In 1911 Ramanujan published the first of his papers in the Journal of the Indian Mathematical Society. His genius slowly gained recognition, and in 1913 he began a correspondence with the British mathematician Godfrey H. Hardy that led to a special scholarship from the University of Madras and a grant from Trinity College, Cambridge. Overcoming his religious objections, Ramanujan traveled to England in 1914, where Hardy tutored him and collaborated with him in some research.

Ramanujan's knowledge of mathematics (most of which he had worked out for himself) was startling. Although he was almost completely unaware of modern developments in mathematics, his mastery of continued fractions was unequaled by any living mathematician. He worked out the Riemann series, the elliptic integrals, hypergeometric series, the functional equations of the zeta function, and his own theory of divergent series. On the other hand, he knew nothing of doubly periodic functions, the classical theory of quadratic forms, or Cauchy's theorem, and he had only the most nebulous idea of what constitutes a mathematical proof. Though brilliant, many of his theorems on the theory of prime numbers were wrong.

In England Ramanujan made further advances, especially in the partition of numbers (the number of ways that a positive integer can be expressed as the sum of positive integers; e.g., 4 can be expressed as 4, 3 + 1, 2 + 2, 2 + 1 + 1, and 1 + 1 + 1 + 1). His papers were published in English and European journals, and in 1918 he was elected to the Royal Society of London. In 1917 Ramanujan had contracted tuberculosis, but his condition improved sufficiently for him to return to India in 1919. He died the following year, generally unknown to the world at large but recognized by mathematicians as a phenomenal genius, without peer since Leonhard Euler (1707-83) and Carl Jacobi (1804-51). Ramanujan left behind three notebooks and a sheaf of pages (also called the "lost notebook") containing many unpublished results that mathematicians continued to verify long after his death.

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Srinivasa Ramanujan | Biography, Achievements, & Facts

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Srinivasa Ramanujan, (born December 22, 1887, Erode, India-died April 26, 1920, Kumbakonam), Indian mathematician whose contributions to the theory of numbers include pioneering discoveries of the properties of the partition function. When he was 15 years old, he obtained a copy of George Shoobridge Carr's Synopsis of Elementary Results in Pure and Applied Mathematics, 2 vol.

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Born April 15, 1707. Died September 18, 1783. He was a Swiss mathematician and physicist who was recognized as one of the founders of pure mathematics. In 1748 he developed the concept of a function. He also developed methods of problem solving in observational astronomy.

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Leonhard Euler, (born April 15, 1707, Basel, Switzerland-died September 18, 1783, St. Petersburg, Russia), Swiss mathematician and physicist, one of the founders of pure mathematics. He not only made decisive and formative contributions to the subjects of geometry, calculus, mechanics, and number theory but also developed methods for solving problems in observational astronomy and demonstrated useful applications of mathematics in technology and public affairs.

Euler's mathematical ability earned him the esteem of Johann Bernoulli, one of the first mathematicians in Europe at that time, and of his sons Daniel and Nicolas. In 1727 he moved to St. Petersburg, where he became an associate of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences and in 1733 succeeded Daniel Bernoulli to the chair of mathematics. By means of his numerous books and memoirs that he submitted to the academy, Euler carried integral calculus to a higher degree of perfection, developed the theory of trigonometric and logarithmic functions, reduced analytical operations to a greater simplicity, and threw new light on nearly all parts of pure mathematics. Overtaxing himself, Euler in 1735 lost the sight of one eye. Then, invited by Frederick the Great in 1741, he became a member of the Berlin Academy, where for 25 years he produced a steady stream of publications, many of which he contributed to the St. Petersburg Academy, which granted him a pension.

In 1748, in his Introductio in analysin infinitorum, he developed the concept of function in mathematical analysis, through which variables are related to each other and in which he advanced the use of infinitesimals and infinite quantities. He did for modern analytic geometry and trigonometry what the Elements of Euclid had done for ancient geometry, and the resulting tendency to render mathematics and physics in arithmetical terms has continued ever since. He is known for familiar results in elementary geometry-for example, the Euler line through the orthocentre (the intersection of the altitudes in a triangle), the circumcentre (the centre of the circumscribed circle of a triangle), and the barycentre (the "centre of gravity," or centroid) of a triangle. He was responsible for treating trigonometric functions-i.e., the relationship of an angle to two sides of a triangle-as numerical ratios rather than as lengths of geometric lines and for relating them, through the so-called Euler identity (eiθ = cos θ + i sin θ), with complex numbers (e.g., 3 + 2√ −1 ). He discovered the imaginary logarithms of negative numbers and showed that each complex number has an infinite number of logarithms.

Euler's textbooks in calculus, Institutiones calculi differentialis in 1755 and Institutiones calculi integralis in 1768-70, have served as prototypes to the present because they contain formulas of differentiation and numerous methods of indefinite integration, many of which he invented himself, for determining the work done by a force and for solving geometric problems, and he made advances in the theory of linear differential equations, which are useful in solving problems in physics. Thus, he enriched mathematics with substantial new concepts and techniques. He introduced many current notations, such as Σ for the sum; the symbol e for the base of natural logarithms; a, b and c for the sides of a triangle and A, B, and C for the opposite angles; the letter f and parentheses for a function; and i for √ −1 . He also popularized the use of the symbol π (devised by British mathematician William Jones) for the ratio of circumference to diameter in a circle.

After Frederick the Great became less cordial toward him, Euler in 1766 accepted the invitation of Catherine II to return to Russia. Soon after his arrival at St. Petersburg, a cataract formed in his remaining good eye, and he spent the last years of his life in total blindness. Despite this tragedy, his productivity continued undiminished, sustained by an uncommon memory and a remarkable facility in mental computations. His interests were broad, and his Lettres à une princesse d'Allemagne in 1768-72 were an admirably clear exposition of the basic principles of mechanics, optics, acoustics, and physical astronomy. Not a classroom teacher, Euler nevertheless had a more pervasive pedagogical influence than any modern mathematician. He had few disciples, but he helped to establish mathematical education in Russia.

Euler devoted considerable attention to developing a more perfect theory of lunar motion, which was particularly troublesome, since it involved the so-called three-body problem-the interactions of Sun, Moon, and Earth. (The problem is still unsolved.) His partial solution, published in 1753, assisted the British Admiralty in calculating lunar tables, of importance then in attempting to determine longitude at sea. One of the feats of his blind years was to perform all the elaborate calculations in his head for his second theory of lunar motion in 1772. Throughout his life Euler was much absorbed by problems dealing with the theory of numbers, which treats of the properties and relationships of integers, or whole numbers (0, ±1, ±2, etc.); in this, his greatest discovery, in 1783, was the law of quadratic reciprocity, which has become an essential part of modern number theory.

In his effort to replace synthetic methods by analytic ones, Euler was succeeded by Joseph-Louis Lagrange. But, where Euler had delighted in special concrete cases, Lagrange sought for abstract generality, and, while Euler incautiously manipulated divergent series, Lagrange attempted to establish infinite processes upon a sound basis. Thus it is that Euler and Lagrange together are regarded as the greatest mathematicians of the 18th century, but Euler has never been excelled either in productivity or in the skillful and imaginative use of algorithmic devices (i.e., computational procedures) for solving problems.

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Leonhard Euler | Biography, Education, Contributions, & Facts

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Leonhard Euler, Swiss mathematician and physicist, one of the founders of pure mathematics. He not only made formative contributions to the subjects of geometry, calculus, mechanics, and number theory but also developed methods for solving problems in astronomy and demonstrated practical applications of mathematics.

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Born in 1642 and died in 1727. He was an English mathematician, physicist, astronomer, theologian and author. He is recognized as one of the most influential scientist. He discovered Newton's law, Newton's law of universal gravity and more. One of his most famous quotes says "we build too many walls and not enough bridges".

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Isaac Newton | Biography, Facts, Discoveries, Laws, & Inventions

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Isaac Newton, the brilliant physicist and mathematician, revolutionized our understanding of the universe with his laws of motion and universal gravitation, forever changing the course of scientific inquiry.

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She was born in 1918 and died in 2020. She was a mathematician for NASA, she is widely known for being specifically sought out by the astronaut to double check the calculation made by a computer to ensure a safe travel for the astronaut. She also did the trajectory analysis for the first human spaceflight.

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Born: Aug. 26, 1918
Died: Feb. 24, 2020
Hometown: White Sulphur Springs, WV
Education: B.S., Mathematics and French, West Virginia State College, 1937
Hired by NACA: June 1953
Retired from NASA: 1986
Actress Playing Role in Hidden Figures: Taraji P. Henson
Biography by Margot Lee Shetterly
Being handpicked to be one of three black students to integrate West Virginia's graduate schools is something that many people would consider one of their life's most notable moments, but it's just one of several breakthroughs that have marked Katherine Johnson's long and remarkable life. Born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, in 1918, her intense curiosity and brilliance with numbers vaulted her ahead several grades in school. By 13, she was attending the high school on the campus of historically black West Virginia State College. At 18, she enrolled in the college itself, where she made quick work of the school's math curriculum and found a mentor in math professor W. W. Schieffelin Claytor, the third African American to earn a PhD in mathematics. She graduated with highest honors in 1937 and took a job teaching at a black public school in Virginia.

When West Virginia decided to quietly integrate its graduate schools in 1939, West Virginia State's president, Dr. John W. Davis, selected her and two men to be the first black students offered spots at the state's flagship school, West Virginia University. She left her teaching job and enrolled in the graduate math program. At the end of the first session, however, she decided to leave school to start a family with her first husband, James Goble. She returned to teaching when her three daughters got older, but it wasn't until 1952 that a relative told her about open positions at the all-black West Area Computing section at the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics' (NACA's) Langley laboratory, headed by fellow West Virginian Dorothy Vaughan. Katherine and her husband decided to move the family to Newport News, Virginia, to pursue the opportunity, and Katherine began work at Langley in the summer of 1953. Just two weeks into her tenure in the office, Dorothy Vaughan assigned her to a project in the Maneuver Loads Branch of the Flight Research Division, and Katherine's temporary position soon became permanent. She spent the next four years analyzing data from flight tests and worked on the investigation of a plane crash caused by wake turbulence. As she was wrapping up this work her husband died of cancer in December 1956.

The 1957 launch of the Soviet satellite Sputnik changed history-and Johnson's life. In 1957, she provided some of the math for the 1958 document Notes on Space Technology, a compendium of a series of 1958 lectures given by engineers in the Flight Research Division and the Pilotless Aircraft Research Division (PARD). Engineers from those groups formed the core of the Space Task Group, the NACA's first official foray into space travel. Johnson, who had worked with many of them since coming to Langley, "came along with the program" as the NACA became NASA later that year. She did trajectory analysis for Alan Shepard's May 1961 mission Freedom 7, America's first human spaceflight. In 1960, she and engineer Ted Skopinski coauthored Determination of Azimuth Angle at Burnout for Placing a Satellite Over a Selected Earth Position, a report laying out the equations describing an orbital spaceflight in which the landing position of the spacecraft is specified. It was the first time a woman in the Flight Research Division had received credit as an author of a research report.

In 1962, as NASA prepared for the orbital mission of John Glenn, Johnson was called upon to do the work that she would become most known for. The complexity of the orbital flight had required the construction of a worldwide communications network, linking tracking stations around the world to IBM computers in Washington, Cape Canaveral in Florida, and Bermuda. The computers had been programmed with the orbital equations that would control the trajectory of the capsule in Glenn's Friendship 7 mission from liftoff to splashdown, but the astronauts were wary of putting their lives in the care of the electronic calculating machines, which were prone to hiccups and blackouts. As a part of the preflight checklist, Glenn asked engineers to "get the girl"-Johnson-to run the same numbers through the same equations that had been programmed into the computer, but by hand, on her desktop mechanical calculating machine. "If she says they're good,'" Katherine Johnson remembers the astronaut saying, "then I'm ready to go." Glenn's flight was a success, and marked a turning point in the competition between the United States and the Soviet Union in space.

When asked to name her greatest contribution to space exploration, Johnson would talk about the calculations that helped synch Project Apollo's Lunar Module with the lunar-orbiting Command and Service Module. She also worked on the Space Shuttle and the Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS, later renamed Landsat) and authored or coauthored 26 research reports. She retired in 1986, after 33 years at Langley. "I loved going to work every single day," she said. In 2015, at age 97, Johnson added another extraordinary achievement to her long list: President Barack Obama awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom, America's highest civilian honor.

She died on Feb. 24, 2020. NASA Administrator James Bridenstine said, "Our NASA family is sad to learn the news that Katherine Johnson passed away this morning at 101 years old. She was an American hero and her pioneering legacy will never be forgotten."

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Born in 1919. Died in 2010. American statistician and mathematician. Named the first African American member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Taught himself how to read. "Applied game theory to military situations by analyzing the optimum timing of theoretical armed duelists".

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David Blackwell, in full David Harold Blackwell, (born April 24, 1919, Centralia, Illinois, U.S.-died July 8, 2010, Berkeley, California), American statistician and mathematician who made significant contributions to game theory, probability theory, information theory, and Bayesian statistics and who broke racial barriers when he was named (1965) the first African American member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.

Blackwell, the son of a railroad worker, taught himself to read as a boy. He initially planned to become an elementary school teacher, and at age 16 he entered the University of Illinois, where his early aptitude for mathematics blossomed. He earned bachelor's (1938), master's (1939), and doctorate (1941) degrees, and, after a postdoctoral fellowship at the Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, New Jersey, he briefly worked for the U.S. Office of Price Administration.

Blackwell sent applications to numerous African American colleges, and he worked as an instructor at Southern University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and Clark College, Atlanta, before receiving an appointment in the mathematics department at Howard University, Washington, D.C., in 1944; he became head of the department in 1947. In 1954 Blackwell was invited to join the faculty at the University of California, Berkeley, where he became that institution's first African American tenured professor. He also served as chairman (1957-61) of the statistics department there. He was additionally appointed professor of mathematics in 1973, and he retired in 1988. While working (1948-50) as a consultant at the RAND Corporation, Blackwell applied game theory to military situations by analyzing the optimum timing of theoretical armed duelists.

Blackwell was known for his independent development of dynamic programming. His importance can be gauged by the theorems that bear his name, including the Blackwell renewal theorem, used in engineering, and the Rao-Blackwell theorem in statistics. His many publications included the classic Theory of Games and Statistical Decisions (1954; with M.A. Girshick) and Basic Statistics (1969). Blackwell was elected (1976) an honorary fellow of the Royal Statistical Society and won the John von Neumann Theory Prize in 1979.

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David Blackwell | Biography, Books, & Facts

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David Blackwell, American statistician and mathematician who made significant contributions to game theory, probability theory, information theory, and Bayesian statistics and who broke racial barriers when he was named (1965) the first African American member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences.