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Copernicus wrote a book that challenged the geocentric view of the universe. He disagreed with Ptolemy and his geocentric view. He found errors in Ptolemy’s ideas. Because he found errors in Ptolemy’s views, he shares his book about the heliocentric theory.

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Copernicus was right and he proved Ptolemy wrong and he only shared with a few friends but later he published it and died that same year.

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Galileo agrees with Copernicus. He says, “I accepted the view of Copernicus many years ago.” He agrees because he found mistakes in the geocentric view.

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Claim- Galileo accepted Copernicus’s views about the solar system.

Support- here is a quote form the letter, “I accepted copernicus’s views a long time ago”, and I have written many arguments supporting this ideas but I don’t dare to publish them.

Explain
He was scared to come forward as to not receive hate but he would once more people believed in the idea.

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Gallo new that copernicus was correct and he had proven it but he didn’t want to publish it so he wrote a letter to Kepler about it.

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Claim:
- Galileo written many direct and indirect arguments in Copernicus's view but he has never published it.

Support:
- In the text it said that Galileo never published his writings as he was scared of what might happened to him. He was scared about what others will think about him as Copernicus got mocked and hooted at. He is scared that the people will do the same thing to him when he publishes his books.

Explain:
-  He said that he would only come forward publicly if there were people that are the same as him

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Claim:
Galileo looked up to Copernicus and they did the same work about proving geocentric view wrong. He explained in the letter about why to admire Copernicus.

Support:
He looks up to Copernicus for his work on heliocentric view, Galileo also
uses his knowledge to finally prove heliocentric view as the right view.

Explain: In his letter Galileo showed a great deal of admiration for Copernicus’s theories especially heliocentric view.

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Galileo made a strong telescope. For example, he saw the moon was not smooth, and he observed sunspots and supernova. He saw things that supported the heliocentric view.

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Claim :
- He invent a telescope. He was the first person that study about the sky by telescope
Support :
- He discovered the moon’s surface is not smooth, and the four moons of Jupiter
Explain :
- His telescope was really amazing and that telescope discovered many things

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Claim-
Should people have to believe some things just because the majority of the people do so?

Support-
Copernicus and Galileo both had different views from the majority of people which made them kind of a target for people in high power who thought that our solar system was geocentric. So Copernicus waited to publish his book when he died so he wouldn't be put in jail.

Explain-
The people in power didn't want to be wrong so they were against people who believe in the solar system to be heliocentric which made a lot of people not want to believe that the book was right to not be on the bad side of the people in power. Later on the people realized that the view of the solar system was different in fact. I wonder if some people wanted to believe Copernicuses theory but didn't because they didn't want to get on the bad side of the authorities?

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Claim:
In 1609 he devise a telescope that had more power than previous ones. He used his telescope to saw that the Moon was not smooth, observed sunspots and a supernova, and discovered the four moons of Jupiter.

Support:
The telescope was actually a toy before Galileo made it to study space,
he though he could prove himself right if people could see it for themselves. He was proved right, 100 years after he died.
In 1609, devise a telescope that had more power than previous ones
He was the first person to use the telescope to study the heavens

Explain:
He helped the world discover black holes, supernovas, white dwarves and wormholes, with his telescope that was before a toy. Even with the proof in front of their faces the church did not believe him and he was thrown in jail.

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The heliocentric view slowly became more popular. At first, the church disagreed with the heliocentric view, but then they changed their minds. They changed their minds because they read books by famous scientists that said the heliocentric view was correct.

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Claim
-Galileo discovered so much about the universe

Support
-like the three moons of Jupiter and supernovas

Explanation
-he did it all with his new and improved telescope that could see out side of the world

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Claim:
Back then people thought god would put his greatest creation in the centre of the universe. Therefore Galileo was scared for Good reason. But finally after a century or more heliocentric view was the right view.

Support:
People who wanted to believe in heliocentric view became victims of
peer pressure. Galileo went to jail and died without knowing that he was proven right all along.

Explain:
Back then people had fixed mindsets, so they mistreated Galileo for saying things about heliocentric view. Galileo was right all along and he helped people discover new things with his telescope.

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Claim-Newton’s ideas along with Copernicus and Galileo before swayed the mindset of may people to believe the heliocentric view was correct.

Support- in 1687, newton published a scholarly book that helped support Copernicus and Galileo’s ideas and many people including the Roman Catholic Church started to believe in the idea.

Explain- in 1758 the Roman Catholic Church corps the heliocentric bam and from then on it has almost become a no brainer that the heliocentric view is correct.

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Claim:
Copernicus was right about heliocentric view, he only shared this with a few close friends because he didn’t want to cause a fight.

Support:
Many people think that the sun is the center of the universe.
By 1514 Copernicus wrote a short report, called the Little Commentary,
that explained his heliocentric theory.

Explain:
Many people did not want to believe the heliocentric view so sadly Copernicus had to keep it to himself until he died.

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Claim:
- Easter Island underwent significant changes in population and resources over the past few centuries.
- The change in environmental resources directly the population decline in Easter Island.

Support:
- The article mentions that "Easter's isolation makes it the clearest example of a society that destroyed itself by overusing its own resources"
- Europeans brought diseases to the island. Since the island is very remote, the people had no protection against the disease.

Explain:
- Unfortunate for the population to decline due to the people overusing its resources.
- Geographic location of the island -> BIG factor - did not allow them to access resources from other places very easily.

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Claim-
People didn't believe him and thought he had wild ideas

Support-
In the text it's says ”Copernicus’s model asked people to give up thinking that they lived in the center of the Universe.” Alot of people didn't want to give in and say he was right even after concrete evidence because it was hard for them to grasp that they weren't right

Explain-
Copernicus later on wrote a book which was only published to the public one year before he died so he won't start controversy. The book proved why heliocentric was the way to go which changed peoples minds thinking that all the planets revolve around the sun. Later people adapted that view of the way our solar system was oriented.

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Claim-Copernicus believed that the sun was the centre if the solar system  and that idea was unheard of the time.

Support-when is he was in school he questioned his teachers theory about the earth being the centre of everything. By 1514, the Copernicus wrote the little commentary explains his idea of the sun being the centre of the solar system and the plates including earth revolves around it and the moon revolved around the earth.

Explain- Copernicus was scared to publish a book because it might have caused controversy but he did 20 years later and it changed the view of how everybody saw the solar system.

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Claim:
He was right about his theory’s and wrote a report about it so  Copernicus waited over 20 years before he published his ideas on the heliocentric Universe. He was afraid of creating controversy. On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres, published in 1543, the year he died.

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Galileo was the first one to use the telescope to study the heavens.
Using his telescope for that purpose he found out that the moon was not smooth and more thing that he couldn’t Know without using his telescope .

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GALILEO'S accepted the view of Copernicus many years ago. And from this standpoint I have discovered many natural phenomena, which cannot be explained on the basis of the more commonly accepted hypothesis.

He had  written many direct arguments for the Copernican view.

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- Copernicus wrote a revolutionary book which challenged the geographic way of the universe.
- He disagreed with what he was taught and he even found mathematical errors In Ptolemy’s work
- After he graduated he decided to start researching these kinds of things by himself using a tool that looked like yardsticks glued together.
- In 1514 he had wrote a short report that explained his heliocentric theory, but he only shared this theory and report with a few of his friends
- it took 20 years before he finally decided to publish his theory and in 1543, the year of his death, he finally decided to publish his book, ‘on the  Revolutions of Celestial Spheres’
- He put forward the idea that instead of the sun revolving around the earth, the earth revolves around the sun, he also put forward the idea that the moon revolves around the earth
- he thought that the thought of the sun illuminating all the planets that rotated around it was just simply great beauty and simplicity