# data[].attributes.body
In genesis 11:1-9 people tried to build a structure that would reach God. So God did not let that happen because he introduced different languages, and humans were then divided into linguistic groups, and were not able to understand each other. Subsequently stopping the building process.

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2200 B.C.-1607 A.D.
1. Oral literature: epic narratives, creation myths, stories, poems, songs.

2. Use stories to teach moral lessons and convey practical information about the natural world.

3. Deep respect for nature and animals.

4. Cyclical worldview.

5. Figurative language/parallelism

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There are no authors for today.

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It is estimated that there were 50 million people living the Americas before the European adventurers arrived in the 15th century A.D.

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ABOUT CALIE
MISSION STATEMENT

225 MILLION HITS!!!
Feb. 2008-Feb. 2018
101,000-plus Unique Daily Visitor IPs logged a month!
300,000 Pages Viewed a month!

EVENTS BOARD

NATIVE NEWS

Publishing Corner:
ROY COOK NEWS BLOG
THE INDIAN REPORTER
TRIBAL BLOGGERS

Indian Community:
TRIBAL COMMUNITY
PROFILES
OBITUARIES

Science & Wonder
ASTRONOMY PORTAL
KID'S CLUBHOUSE

Indian Heros:
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WHO'S IN THE MILITARY?
MEDALS OF HONOR
CODE TALKERS
FAMOUS CHIEFS
HISTORIC BATTLES
POEMS ESSAYS
SPORTS-ATHLETES
MISSION FEDERATION
FAMOUS INDIANS

California Indian Art:
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CAVE ART
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CALIE Library:
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HEALTH & MEDICAL
INDIAN BOOK LIST
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CALIF ED DIRECTORY

Academic Financial Aid:
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Indian Gaming:
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PERSEVERANCE

Special OP-ED to The American Indian Reporter
by Ernie C. Salgado, Soboba Tribal Elder

PERSEVERANCE: Determination, Resilience, Grit, Tenacity, Persistence or just plan Stubbornness. Regardless of which adjective you employ, it matters not because we are still here and many of us still carry the old ways in our hearts.

The American Indian people are the survivors of centuries of oppression, first by Spain and the Catholic Church, Mexico and most recently by the U.S. Government.

The American-Mexico war was from 1846 to 1848. Gold was discovered in 1848 and much of it was on lands occupied by the native people. California became the 31st State of the Union on September 9, 1850.

The State legislator authorized a $5 bounty on the scalp or head of Indians. By today's standards $5 does not seem like worth the time but in the 1850's the average wages for a days work was 25 cents. At a current rate of $10 per hour, the 1850's quarter would be equal to $80 and the $5 becomes $1,600.

The U.S. Government reimbursed California for its expenditures thus sanctioning the murders, slavery, genocide, and the sexual abuse of our men, women and children.

No one really knows how many tribes were completely terminated.

Next came the reservations and tribal boarding schools systems and brainwashing. The primary objective was to train the American Indian youth as domestic servants to the dominate "White Society."

And even though the American Indians were granted American citizenship on June 2, 1924, many were not allowed to vote until after WW II and only because Indian leaders such as the Mission Indian Federation were fighting back.

In California American Indians were not legally allowed to buy alcoholic beverages until 1953.

MOVIE QUOTE: "Endeavor to persevere." -Chief Dan George as Lone Watie in The Outlaw Josey Wales (1976).

PRESENT DAY

Even in this day and age (2018), the U.S. Government is operating sub-standard reservation and boarding schools for American Indians with little or no oversight. And all this with the approval of the "BIA Indians" who support the concept of "Separate but Equal" and because we are American Indians, the educational bar needs to be lower.

If anything the American Indian educational bar should be set higher and the "Separate but Equal" theory is pure unprocessed sewage.

EDUCATION

Education holds the key for the seventh generation and the true advancement of our people. The "Dumbing Down" of our children must not be tolerated or accepted under any circumstances. None!

Regardless of what the Socialist profess, "Competition" is a good thing and has been a part of our culture for centuries. Peon and Rez Ball are only a couple of examples.

Let us not forget to give credit to our very own "Hollywood Indians" with their headbands and ponytails and little or no understanding of "Tribalism" as opposed to "Socialism."

"Socialism" is the U.S. Government imposed system of governance for the American Indian Tribes. And it continues to this day.

Although the tribes were allowed to elect their own tribal leaders as a pretense of "Democracy" while they had no authority as it remained with the Bureau of Indian Affairs.

The late Russell Means, a leader of the American Indian Movement (AIM), once told a Senate subcommittee that the American people were the "New Indians."

By the "New Indians" he explained that the Socialist policies that have been forced upon the American Indian Tribes are now bring forced on the American People.

All this is not by accident, it is the Saul Alinsky Doctrine: The 8 steps to topple a nation and create a socialist state.

Healthcare: Take control of healthcare and you control the people. (Obamacare)

Poverty: Increase the Poverty level as high as possible; poor people are easier to control and will not fight back if you are providing everything for them to live. (2008-16: 40 million Americans on food stamps and 90 mil-lion unemployed. And California is in lock step.

Debt: Increase the debt to an unsustainable level. That way you are able to increase taxes, and this will produce more poverty. (From 2008 to 2016 our National debt increase from 9 trillion dollars to over 19 trillion dollars and growing everyday. This was no accident it was planned and deliberate and met the Alinsky goal.)

Gun Control: Remove the ability to defend themselves from the Government. That way you are able to create a police state. (The proposals for gun control are relentless and Chicago is proof that it works. But the real pur-pose is as stated above.)

Welfare: Take control of every aspect of their lives (Food, Housing, and Income). (Welfare reform was a name change from Aid For Dependent Children (AFDC) to Temporary Aid to Needy Families (TANF.)

Education: Take control of what people read and listen to. Take control of what children learn in school. (This is one area that has almost been totally accomplished. K-12 is totally con-trolled by the Teachers Unions. And the universities and colleges are nothing more than Socialist indoctrination and recruitment centers. Free speech is not al-lowed on most campuses.)

Religion: Remove the belief in the God from the Government and schools. ("God" or the mention of "God" is not allowed. In fact at the 2016 Democratic Convention they had a vote to use the word "God" in their platform. I will give you 10 to 1 odds it will not be used at the 2020 convention).

Class Warfare: Divide the people into the wealthy and the poor. This will cause more discontent and it will be easier to take (Tax) the wealthy with the support of the poor. (The George Soros funded Anti-American demonstrations, "Moveon.Org" and "Occupy Wall Street" are only a preview of what's coming with "ANTIFA" the thugs of the left and their congressional supporters.)

It's not a matter of Republicans vs Democrats, it's Our Freedom vs Socialism or Progressivism.

It seems like some things never change, "As long as the grass shall grow and the rivers shall run" appears to be the same message from the Socialist as the American Indian people got when they gave up their lands, guns and freedom with the promise that the Government would provide for their well being.

And what is truly heartbreaking, and as hard as it is to believe, many of our tribal leaders and people, knowing our history are hell bent on repeating it since it proved to be extremely successful for our people.

Again, the late Russell Means was right on with his analysis: "The American people are the New Indians."

And the Saul Alinsky Doctrine is at the heart of the Democratic Socialist Parties agenda.

Over 500 years and counting of domination and we are still here.

We, as Americans, both Indian and non-Indian people must become more aware of the manipulation of the masses by the media.

PERSEVERANCE, folks!
PERSEVERANCE!

CONTACT OUR PUBLISHER DIRECTLY

Ernie C. Salgado Jr.Tribal: Luiseño

Reservation: Soboba Indian Reservation
PUBLISHER: THE AMERICAN INDIAN REPORTER
EDITOR: The Indian Reporter www.theindianreporter.com
Founder/CEO CALIE: www.californiaindianeducation.org
Web Site: www.apapas.com
CONTACT
RESUME/BIOGRAPHY

PROFESSIONAL Web Services by G. BALLARD

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PERSEVERANCE OP-ED American Indians Surviving in the 21st Century

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ABOUT CALIE MISSION STATEMENT 225 MILLION HITS!!! Feb. 2008-Feb. 2018 101,000-plus Unique Daily Visitor IPs logged a month! 300,000 Pages Viewed a month! EVENTS BOARD NATIVE NEWS Publishing Corner: ROY COOK NEWS BLOG THE INDIAN REPORTER TRIBAL BLOGGERS Indian Community: TRIBAL COMMUNITY PROFILES OBITUARIES Science & Wonder ASTRONOMY PORTAL KID'S CLUBHOUSE Indian Heros: VETERAN COMMUNITY WHO'S IN THE MILITARY?

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The native Americans when they killed a buffalo they used every part of the buffalo for different things. https://www.factretriever.com/native-american-facts

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104 english men and boys traveled to Jamestown by boat for land that best suit their needs.

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Puritanism and Early Settlement of First "American" colonies 1600-1800: Period Characteristics

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Puritanism and Early Settlement of First "American" colonies 1600-1800: Period Characteristics

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1. Wrote mostly diaries and histories, which expressed the connections between God and their everyday lives.
2. South to "purify" the Church of England by reforming to the simpler forms of worship and church organization described in the New Testament.
3. Saw religion as a personal, inner experience.
4. Believed in original sin and "elect" who would be saved.
5. Used a plain style of writing.

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800: Famous Authors and Works

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800: Famous Authors and Works

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William Bradford
-"Of Plymouth Plantation"

Anne Bradstreet (poetry)

John Edwards
-"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God"

Edward Taylor
-"Huswifery"

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800-Fact #1

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800-Fact #1

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The Puritans migrated to Northern English colonies in the New World in the 1620s and 1630s. They established a lot of aspects in New England.  https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/puritanism

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800: Fact #2

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Puritanism and Early Settlement  of First "American" colonies 1600-1800: Fact #2

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In the 16th and 17th century the Puritans set out to purify the Church of England of Roman Catholic practices. https://www.britannica.com/topic/American-colonies

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Series of investigation and persecutions that resulted in 19 people that were being convicted as Witches to be hanged and imprisoned.

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1741: Jonathan Edwards "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

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1741: Jonathan Edwards "Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

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Jonathan said this quote to tell all people that we are sinners and will be judged by God one day and it will be extremely fearful and painful than anything imaginable.

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1. Mostly comprised of philosophers, scientists, writing speeches and pamphlets

2. Human beings can arrive at truth (God's rules) by using deductive reasoning, rather than relying on the authority of the past, on religious faith, or intuition

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Revolutionary War: Famous Authors and Works

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Revolutionary War: Famous Authors and Works

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Benjamin Franklin
—Autobiography

Patrick Henry
—"Speech to the Virginia Convention"

Thomas Paine
—"The Crisis"

Phyllis Wheatley
—poetry

The Constitution

The Bill of Rights

The Declaration of Independence

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In December 1776 George Washington crossed the Delaware River twice. this was considered one of Washington's great triumphs. It gave them the victory over a Hessian garrison and allowed for the taking of more supplies and needs that they had to survive and win the upcoming wars.

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In June of 1778 The American victory of Saratoga occurred and was considered a turning point of the American Revolution.

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The Revolutionary War was an uprising by American Patriots in the 13 colonies to British rule, resulting in American Independence.

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One interesting fact that I learned from this time period is the age of enlightenment. Also known as the age of reason, it was an intellectual and philosophical movement during the 17th and 18th century in Europe.

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The 2nd interesting fact that I learned was about rationalism. It is a belief or theory that opinions and actions should be based on reason and knowledge rather than on religious belief or emotional response.

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1. Everything in the world, including human beings, is a reflection of the Divine Soul.

2. People can use their intuition to behold God's spirit revealed in nature or in their own souls.

3. Self-reliance and individualism must outweigh external authority and link conformity to tradition.

4. Important social and political movements include the Abolitionist, Utopian, and Women's Suffrage Movements

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Transcendentalism: Famous Authors and Works

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Transcendentalism: Famous Authors and Works

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Ralph Waldo Emerson
—Nature
—"Self-Reliance"

Henry David Thoreau
—Walden
—Life in the Woods

Louisa May Alcott
—Little Women

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Transcendentalism is an idealistic philosophical and social movement. It taught that divinity pervades all nature and humanity.

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The Mexican War: The war was started because of the annexation of the Republic of Texas by the U.S. in 1845.

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a system developed by Immanuel Kant, based on the idea that, in order to understand the nature of reality, one must first examine and analyze the reasoning process which governs the nature of experience.

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One interesting fact that I learned is the Alamo. The Alamo was what lead to the independence of Texas.

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The second interesting fact that I learned from this point in time is the popularity of transcendentalism and how people fought for and against it.

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A movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual.

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1. Valued feeling, intuition, idealism, and inductive reasoning.

2. Placed faith in inner experience and the power of the imagination.

3. Shunned the artificiality of civilization and sought unspoiled nature as a path to spirituality.

4. Championed individual freedom and the worth of the individual

5. Saw poetry as the highest expression of the imagination

6. Dark Romantics: used dark and supernatural themes/settings (Gothic style)

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Romanticism 1800-1860: Famous Authors and Works

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Romanticism 1800-1860: Famous Authors and Works

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Washington Irving
—"Rip van Winkle"

Emily Dickinson
—poetry

Walt Whitman
—Leaves of Grass

Edgar Allan Poe
—"The Raven"

Nathaniel Hawthorne
—The Scarlet Letter

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Romanticism actually introduced the idea of drama. It countered the neoclassical movement that promoted rational thought, science, practicality, and material aspects of the human form, preferring to showcase emotions, and drama!

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It was the new appreciation of the medieval romance, from which the Romantic movement derives its name.

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The witch trials were actually impossible to pass. So if you tried to pass you were going to fail no matter what. There were eight test that you needed to pass but almost all of them you were supposed to fail.

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There was a total of 25 people killed as a result of the Witch Trials. the youngest person to be tried on the witch trials was a four year old. The kid was not killed but instead put in prison for several months. While she was in prison her mother was hanged.

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Week 16: Poet Study Part 2: Emily Dickinson

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Week 16: Poet Study Part 2: Emily Dickinson

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Fact #1: Her father was a United States Senator
Fact #2: Only ten of her poems were published during her lifetime
Fact #3: She suffered form unspecified health problems.

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Week 15: Poet Study Part 1: Robert Frost

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Week 15: Poet Study Part 1: Robert Frost

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Fact #1: He was named after the confederate General Robert E. Lee.
Fact #2: When his future wife first refused his marriage proposal he contemplated suicide.
Fact #3: He was the valedictorian of his high school class.

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Fact #1: The word "Nerd" was actually coined by Dr. Suess in one of his books.
Fact #2: He never had any biological children
Fact #3: He joined the war effort.