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Most historians believe the woman is Lisa Gherardini, a merchant’s wife from Florence. The name Mona Lisa comes from “Monna Lisa,” meaning “Lady Lisa” in Italian.

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BCE art, especially paintings and sculptures, stands out because of the powerful stories and emotions it captures. These works often show scenes from ancient life, mythology, or religion, using simple tools and natural materials to create something deeply meaningful. The way artists were able to show emotion, strength, and beauty without modern technology is impressive and inspiring. It’s fascinating to see how much they could express through body language, facial expressions, and symbols.

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Birds are often seen as symbols of freedom because they can fly through the sky. A painting of a bird in flight might inspire a feeling of letting go, rising above struggles, or breaking free from limitations.

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A tomb painting is artwork created on the walls of a tomb, most famously in Egypt, but also in cultures like the Etruscans and Romans. These paintings were not meant to be seen by the public they were made for the dead person’s soul, to guide or support them in the afterlife.

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The Chauvet Cave is one of the most important prehistoric art sites in the world. Discovered in 1994 in southern France, it contains some of the earliest known and best-preserved cave paintings, dating to around 30,000–32,000 BCE, during the Upper Paleolithic period.

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The Marble Statue of a Wounded Warrior, made around 138–181 CE during the Roman Empire, shows a powerful image of a soldier in pain. The sculpture, carved from marble, likely copies an earlier Greek artwork from the Hellenistic period. It shows the warrior in a dramatic pose, wounded and possibly dying, with great detail in his muscles and expression.

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An enthroned deity is a common symbol in art and religion that represents divine power, authority, and stability. It shows a god or sacred figure seated on a throne, often surrounded by symbols of strength like animals, halos, or attendants. This position is not just about rest—it shows the deity’s control over the world, their role as a protector, or a judge of human actions.

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This goblet is a type of pottery vessel used for drinking, often made from clay and shaped with a narrow stem and wide bowl. What makes it unique is the decorative frieze a horizontal band of art that wraps around the goblet, filled with stylized birds.

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The statue of Ka’aper, dating to around 2500 BCE, is a well-known example of Old Kingdom Egyptian sculpture from the 5th Dynasty, likely created during the reign of Pharaoh Userkaf or shortly thereafter.