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Nurses may serve as role models and can influence positive changes within the healthcare network. Effective leadership qualities can encourage efficiency, improve staff morale, and lead to better patient outcomes (ANA, 2023).

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Formal leadership is an official appointed position within an organization, such as a nurse director or manager. Informal leadership occurs outside of a formal structure, such as a staff nurse being involved in a unit governance meeting (Yoost & Crawford, 2022).

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AKA - Authoritarian

Believes employees have external motivation

Approval of the supervisor

Avoiding punishment

Demands obedience and respect

Not well-liked by Millennial nurses

Strict type of leadership, however, works best in critical situations.

(Yoost & Crawford, 2022)

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AKA - Permissive

Believes employees have internal motivation

Employees' own desire or will to perform well

Lack of direction given to employees

Employees are responsible for their own decisions and goals

Allows autonomy

Unsuccessful when implemented in a highly structured organization

Only successful with a highly trained and extremely reliable team, such as an OR team with a history of working together on a specific type of case.

(Yoost & Crawford, 2022)

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AKA - Political

Believes employees have external motivation

Similar to Autocratic Leadership

Goals are established by policies and procedures

Impersonal relations with staff

Uses power to emphasize established rules and policies

(Yoost & Crawford, 2022)

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AKA - Participative

Believes employees have internal motivations

Want to participate in decision-making

Collaboration

Encourages communication and fosters relationships with employees

See themselves as equals

NOT ideal in crises due to decisions needing to be made rapidly and without question

(Yoost & Crawford, 2022)

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AKA - Mentor

Uses inspiration to motivate employees

Working towards the goal of transforming the organization with strength development

Increased levels of motivation and morality occur due to positive interaction between the leader and followers

(ANA, 2023; Yoost & Crawford, 2022)

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AKA - Switch

Analyzes the situation and adapts leadership style to the current situation

Has the flexibility to change approaches that best suit the organization or individual

May divert from implemented long-term goals

(ANA, 2023; Yoost & Crawford, 2022)

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AKA - Reward vs. Punishment

Rewarding employees for doing what is expected and more (ex., salary increase)

Punishing employees for failing to complete tasks (ex., reprimand, losing position)

Works well for short-term and task-oriented goals

Employees know what to expect from leadership

Focuses on reducing errors and meeting tight deadlines

(ANA, 2023; Yoost & Crawford, 2022)

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Overall, transformational leadership is the best approach in nursing. This style focuses on creating a safe and positive work environment for all employees with inspiration and motivation (Yoost & Crawford, 2022). Emphasizing collaboration between all team members encourages progress towards a shared vision (ANA, 2023). However, it is important to note that successful nursing leaders also use the situational technique when needed to ensure adaptability in crises.

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American Nurses Association. (2023, May 19). Leadership in nursing: Qualities & why it matters. https://www.nursingworld.org/content‑hub/resources/nursing‑leadership/leadership‑in‑nursing/

Yoost, B. L., & Crawford, L. R. (2022). Fundamentals of Nursing: Active learning for collaborative practice (3rd ed.). Elsevier.