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What is DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)? Guide

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What is DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol)? Guide

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Let us discuss IP addresses on a network are mainly assigned using Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. This dynamically allocates addresses to devices while optimizing overall address utilization.

In this article we have explained DHCP and its role in computer networks. It is including the DHCP handshake process, its uses, benefits and issues.

What is DHCP Protocol?

As we know the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is a client server protocol using to automatically transfer an Internet Protocol address and other network configuration parameters.

So, this allows the subnet mask and default gateway to hosts over a network. Further, it operates with using port 67 on the server and port 68 on the client side.

It is known the DHCP allows network heads to centrally monitor and share IP addresses. As we know automatically giving a new IP address when a device get connection at a different point in the network.

What are the Benefits of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol?

The DHCP protocol enables organizations and network administrators to:

Streamline network management : Let’s talk the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol improves network efficiency by automatically share IP addresses. It is reducing the need for manual intervention. It is particularly useful for mobile devices that frequently switch locations within a wireless network.

Optimize IP addresses : It is reusing IP addresses reduces the overall number of addresses needed in a network.

Simplify change management : The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol enables organizations to switch IP address ranges without affecting end users.

Minimize mistakes : The Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol centralizes and automates IP address management. It reduces the risk of duplicate or incorrect address share.

How Does the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) Work?

As we know the DHCP communicates with devices as they join a network automatically. It is giving the necessary configuration details to access key network services.

For example,in a small home network with a laptop, tablet and phone. It is manually assigning IP addresses is manageable because there are only a few devices.

On other hand configuring IP addresses along with subnet masks. DNS servers and other need settings for hundreds of devices would need a significant amount of time and effort.

DHCP handles this automatically by giving all necessary configuration data to connected devices.

DHCP Components

The primary DHCP components include a DHCP server, client, and relay.

DHCP server

This server automatically gives IP addresses and other need network settings to devices joining a network. It is using a pool of available addresses to assign dynamic or temporary IPs.

DHCP client

As we know a DHCP client refers to a host device that requests and accepts network configuration details give by a DHCP server.

DHCP relay

Let’s define a DHCP relay is a TCP/IP device that passes DHCP requests and responses between clients and servers. It is especially in networks with multiple subnets. It allows one DHCP server to manage addresses across the entire network.

Types of DHCP Configurations

Dynamic DHCP : As we know this is the most common type IP addresses are dynamically allocated from a shared pool when devices join the network and released back into the pool when they leave.

Static DHCP In this arrangement selected devices are allocating a fixed IP address. This is important for tools like servers and printers.

Manual Allocation : In some networks administrators manually configure IP addresses. But, Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is still using to record and manage those assigned addresses.

Relay Agent : It is known the large networks with multiple subnets a transmit agent is used to forward DHCP requests across subnets. It is confirming devices in different network segments can obtain IP addresses from a central DHCP server.

DHCP Use Cases & Applications

Home Networks

As we know DHCP is mainly using in home networks to automatically give IP addresses to devices such as phones, laptops and smart home systems, eliminating manual setup.

Enterprise Networks

It is known large enterprises use DHCP to handle IP address assignment for thousands of devices with centralized control making network management more efficient in dynamic settings.

Public Wi-Fi Hotspots

In public places like airports and cafés, DHCP is used to assign temporary IP addresses to users’ computers, ensuring efficient use of network resources.

Mobile Networks

As we know in cellular networks DHCP gives mobile devices with IP addresses as they move between coverage zones. It is helping maintain uninterrupted service.

Advantages of DHCP

The placement of Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol offers many benefits for organizations and network administrators such as:

● The DHCP allows to simplify network administration by automatically handling IP address assignment. And, it lets to minimize manual setup and improving the efficiency of large-scale networks.

● DHCP easily handles the change in network structure when devices are added, removed or moved.

● It lowers the chance of manual errors, such as IP conflicts or wrong subnet configurations, by automating the setup process.

DHCP Has Many Security Concerns

● DHCP Spoofing : As we know attackers can use a mean DHCP server on a network. which interferes with communication by assigning incorrect IP settings.

● DHCP Starvation : It is knowing attackers may cause a rejection of service by flooding the network with requests using fake MAC addresses. It is exhausting the available IP address pool for valid users.

● Information Leakage : Let’s define attackers can alter DHCP messages to redirect traffic, steal data or start other use actions.

● DHCP Relay Vulnerabilities : In simple word a compromised DHCP transmit agent can introduce harmful messages into the network and potentially reach restricted segments.

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol in Mobile Computing

Let us discuss in mobile computing DHCP is using to automatically give IP addresses and network settings to mobile devices like phones, tablets and laptops. It is allowing fast configuration when they connect to Wi Fi or cellular networks.

As we know this helps ensure smooth connectivity efficient IP address management and fewer configuration errors. It is making it vital for modern mobile communication and internet access.

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

What Is A DHCP Lease?

As we know lease is the time period an IP addresses is share to a device. The device can renew or request a new IP after expiry.

What Happens If DHCP Fails?

It is known that devices may not get a valid IP address automatically. It can share or lose network connectivity.

Is DHCP Secure?

Lets define DHCP has limited built in security features. The network head use additional measures like DHCP.

What Is A DHCP Server?

As we know DHCP server is a device or software that share IP addresses automatically. It handles a pool of IPs and network setting.

Can DHCP Assign Static IP Addresses?

It is using DHCP is a device. It can always get the same IP. It combines automatic share.

Summing Up

At Finally, DHCP plays important role in modern networking by automating the management of IP address and important configuration settings.

As we know networks heads can be aware of the combined dangers and apply best practices to confirm the security and stability of their networks. It is known organizations can maintain efficient network operations and safe their digital environments.

If this article is valuable for you, then please share it along with your friends, family members, pet lovers or relatives over social media platforms like as Facebook, Instagram, Linked In,Twitter, and more.

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How to Splice Coaxial Cable Using Connectors

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How to Splice Coaxial Cable Using Connectors

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Coaxial cable is also known as “Coax”, and it is kind of copper cable that is especially made with metal shield and other components engineered to block signal interference.

If, you are using the coax cable, then you should be knowing that how to splice coax cable with using connectors.

Now these days, coax cable’s splice is very easy task, so anyone is capable to splice of coax cable. There is no need to hire any professional for performing this task.

But, before splicing coax cable, you must be presenting some tools which are easily available at your nearest any hardware store. Such as:

Coax cable stripper

Coax compression connectors

Coax compression tool

Additional coax cable (if you want to scale the length of cable)

Barrel connector or splice adapter

Now, all these tools are ready, and then we can start to process of splicing coaxial cable.

Now, Let’s Start –

How to Splice Coax Cable using Connectors?

There are four steps for splicing a coax cable and with using these instructions you can easily splice your coax cable; below explain each one

Step 1: Strip the cable with using of coax cable stripper

The stripper is able to strip for all types of cable, but you make ensure that this stripper is capable to strip your coax cable.

Let’s start by stripping one of the terminated edges. Before stripping, make sure that both ends align with the guide marked on the stripper tool. They must be the same length of coaxial cable for proper splicing, especially when connecting to a computer or other devices.

After completing your stripping process, you can see the insulation of your coaxial cable and then wire mesh with cover it. Small portion of copper cable would be protruding out on the trip.

Now further, you do not require the wire mesh, so fold it back into outer casing.

Note: Don’t leave any stray wires because it can create various interfere along with signal quality.

Step 2: Insert coal compression connectors on coax cable

Take coax cable compression connector, and try to fix it properly on the insulated portion of coax cable without getting to damage of copper wire that is protruding at the tip, and copper wire must be protruded out of the connector.

Same process will be repeating for other edge of the coax cable.

Step 3: Carefully handle coax compression tools

Coax compression tools can be using with many kinds of coaxial cable. Put the coax cable end with compression connector and press it with forcefully until connector crimps properly with the wire.

Same process will be repeating for other edge of the coax cable.

Step 4: To be used barrel connector

Put each cable in to barrel connector but keep mind that protruding copper wire insert into female connector ports that presented at the both ends. And, finally tight the cable connector on the barrel connector then finished your splicing process.

How to Splice Coaxial Cable Without Connectors?

Oh!! If you have not any commercial tools then don’t worry, you have alternative option that is splice coaxial cable without connectors.

Here, we spread light that How to splice coaxial cable without connectors.

Let’s start!!

To strip off rubber shield of coaxial cable with using of sharp knife

Cut down a small portion of insulator at tips for getting to expose copper wire.

To get solder copper wires with each other: Can be using some electric tapes for making good insulation.

Get pull back wire mesh towards tip from both ends.

Get solder wire mesh with each other.

Must be covering soldered connection along with electrical tape for getting great conductivity.

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How to Clear Safari Search Browser History on iPhone?

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How to Clear Safari Search Browser History on iPhone?

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If you prefer to use Safari browser on your iPhone and iPad, and want to delete their search history then you are visited at right place because here we will guide you about how to clear Safari Search browser history on iPhone and iPad with using 4 incredible easier methods. You can use one of them.

Search browsing history is an important part of information that helps to define blue print your personality like as your interest, likes and dislikes as well.

Sometimes your search history can be getting more dangerous because someone might snoop into your history for targeting adverting according your interest, and malicious activities. So here we will help you with covering how to clear Safari search history on iPhone and iPad.

How to Clear Safari Search History on iPhone & iPad

In this section, we will explore you about how to clear search browsing history from Safari on your iPhone or iPad with following 4 effective tricks; below mentioned all:

1. Clear Individual Page of Safari Search History

2. Delete Selective Safari Browsing History

3. Erase All Safari Search History

4. Remove Website Data from Safari History

Let’s Get Start!!

How to Clear Individual Page of Safari Search History from iPhone and iPad

Sometimes if you wish to clear Safari search history from your iPhone or iPad that you have visited, then here we will show about this step by step:

Firstly you have to launch Safari app on your iPhone or iPad

Next tap on <open book> icon; it is history icon that is located at the bottom.

Now perform scroll down to search or webpages you wish to clear, and then swipe left on it, press on <Delete> option. Alternative, you can swipe left across your iPhone or iPad then all saved things will be removed automatically.

How to Delete Selective Safari Browsing History on iPhone & iPad

If you haven’t time to delete search history as individual pages one by one, then you can remove bunch of search history as selectively by choosing period of time. Here’s how:

Open Safari browser on iPhone and iPad

Press the <Clock> icon that showing at the right side to <Bookmark> icon.

Next this will appear entire history at the front of you, and tap on <Clear> option that is located at the bottom right corner.

Further you can select correct option from four showing:

1. The Last Hour: To clear entire the history of last hour

2. Today: To remove all the history of today

3. Today & Yesterday: To delete all the history of today and yesterday

4. All Time: To erase the entire history at once

How to Erase All Safari Search History on iPhone and iPad

Here, with following few basic steps you can erase all Safari search history from your iPhone or iPad at once; below mentioned all steps one by one:

Launch Settings app and tap on it

This will open drop-down menu and select <Safari> option

Next you have to press the <Clear History and Website Data>

Further you will get a confirmation window and tap on <Confirm> tab.

How to Remove Website Data from Safari History on iPhone & iPad

Yes - on a computer, you can also delete website data for a specific site or clear everything. The steps depend on your browser. Here’s how to do it on the most common ones:

Launch iPhone <Settings> app, select <Safari>

Then this will display drop-down menu, choose <Advanced> option.

Next you have to select <Website Data> option.

If you want to clear all cookies at once, the press the option <Remove All Website Data>, and then prompt window to validate your decision, choose <Remove Now>

To remove cookies from websites one by one, then simply you get swipe left website that is available into list and press <Delete> option.

Note: If there may be hundreds or thousands of website listed into website data screen, then type website’s name into search bar and search a specific website.

Prefer to Private Browsing Mode

While using Private Mode in Safari browser, you can visit any webpage without getting to keep store your search history in your iPhone or iPad. How to open it:

Tap two <square> icon that located at the bottom of your screen.

Press on <Private> to open Private Mode.

At The End

Now, we hope that you can easily delete Safari search browsing history from your iPhone and iPad by using any one trick from given above 4 methods.

If this article is useful for you then please share it on your social media platforms.

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How to Erase last 15 Minutes Google Search History?

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How to Erase last 15 Minutes Google Search History?

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If iPhone and iPad users prefer to delete Google Chrome search history, then here is a complete guide you about how to clear Google Search History on iPhone and iPad with following few basic steps.

Google Chrome app keeps to save data on your iPhone and iPad as browse the web, with including cookies, cached images, files, browsing history, saved username and passwords and autofill data.

Why to delete search history? Sometimes search history can be getting more dangerous because someone might snoop into your history for targeting adverting according your interest, and malicious activities. So you should be clear search history on your iPhone or iPad.

How to Clear Google Search History on iPhone & iPad

In this article, we will guide you about how to delete Google search history on your iPhone and iPad with following few simplest steps; below shown all:

Let’s Get Start!!

How to Clear Chrome Search History on iPhone and iPad

Deleting search history from Safari browser on your iPhone or iPad, is easier. But if you prefer to use Google Chrome, and you want to remove search history from Chrome then it is also incredible simplest to Safari. Browsing search history can be deleted directly from Google Chrome. Here’s how:

If search history icon is locating at the begin page in the Google Chrome on iOS below search bar, then tap on this icon.

If not visible icon, then alternatively press on <…> icon that showing at the bottom of your browser.

Then this will appear context menu, tap on <History> option.

Next you have to need scroll down and press on <Clear Browsing Data…> for getting to start delete Chrome browser search history.

You can choose time range at the above of page. This range is defined from last hour to all of your search history.

Once you’ve made your selection, you can remove it and double-check the data you’re about to erase.

By default, Browsing History, Cookies & Site Data, and Cached Images & Files are selected. You can easily select or deselect any item based on your needs whether you're using an iPhone, iPad, or computer.

Once you have complete this process, press on <Clear Browsing Data> at the below of device’s screen.

Next you will get pop-up dialog box at the front of you, to confirm as your choice.

How to Delete Google Search History Any Item on iPhone & iPad

With following few simple steps, you can erase any specific parts of your search history on your iPhone or iPad. You can use search bar to find a certain item. Here’s how:

Firstly launch Chrome browser on your iPhone & iPad.

Press on <More> icon that is showing at the below right corner

This will display context menu and tap on <History> option.

Press on <Edit> tab.

Here you can find entries you wish to clear

Once done it, press on <Delete> option

Now finally, press on <Done> button that showing at the top right corner.

How to Erase last 15 Minutes Google Search History

Related Coverage :

How to Enable Cookies on iPhone & iPad? On Safari, Chrome, Firefox!!

How to Disable Cookies on iPhone & iPad? From Safari, Chrome, Firefox!!

Google is introducing a feature to iPhone and iPad app that allow you to remove the last 15 minutes of Google search history with tapping three steps:

Launch Chrome app on your iPhone or iPad

Press your profile icon that locating at the top right of your screen.

Now press on <Delete last 15 min> option.

Once done it, you have deleted all items that you have searched in last 15 minutes.

Important!! If you don’t wish to keep store search history on Google Chrome then we suggest you to use incognito Mode/Private Mode while using internet. How to open it:

Launch Chrome app on iPhone

Press <…> option and then tap on <New Incognito Tab> option.

Now you can use Incognito Mode/Private Mode, As soon as you move back to standard browsing, Chrome immediately clear everything about any sites you had searched.

Bonus Tip: Press on <Search history> tab, and set it to auto-delete every 3 months if you wish to erase your all Google web and app activity as possible using Google’s automatic delete tool.

Last Words

By following all above given steps, you can delete your Google Chrome browser search history as well as erase certain item from browser’s history.

If this article is most useful for you then please share it along with your friends and family member!!

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Informational keywords sit at the top of the marketing funnel and help you reach a wider audience.

Why are Informational Keywords Important?

Informational keywords are the important like following reasons:

Attracting Top-of-Funnel Traffic

Informational keywords usually connect with people who are at the early stage of their purchase journey and are searching like answers or solutions. Focusing on these keywords helps you reach a big audience and boost your brands visibility at the top of the sales funnel.

Building Authority and Expertise

When you create useful content using informational keywords, you evidence your knowledge and authority in your industry. This helps build trust with your audience and capable of improve your websites E-E-A-T score.

When visitors find good and useful information on your website, people start to Confidence your brand. This trust helps build permanent relationships and cheer customer loyalty over time

General Examples

what is artificial intelligence

how does solar energy work

benefits of drinking green tea

history of the internet

causes of global warming

tips for better sleep

symptoms of vitamin D deficiency

“Guide” or “Tutorial” Keywords

beginner’s guide to SEO

step-by-step tutorial on Photoshop

how to start a podcast guide

JavaScript basics for beginners

Comparison or Explanation Keywords

difference between bacteria and virus

comparison of Android vs iPhone

explain quantum computing simply

pros and cons of remote work

Informational Intent Modifiers

These words often signal informational intent in search queries:

how

what

why

guide

tutorial

tips

best ways to

benefits of

examples of

definition of

How to Find Informational Keywords?

Find valuable informational keywords takes a strategic approach. Here are a few effective ways to identify them: Whether you are running a tech blog or promoting a Web development company in Yamunanagar, researching user questions, analyzing search intent, exploring “People Also Ask” sections, and using keyword tools helps you uncover strong informational keywords that attract the right audience and improve organic reach.

SEMrush: Lets you analyze competitors’ content and uncover keyword opportunities.

Ahrefs: Identifies keywords your competitors rank like and gives difficulty scores.

AnswerThePublic: Creates visual maps of questions people ask about specific topics.

Mine Google’s Features

a) Google itself is a great source like finding informational keyword ideas:

b) Auto-complete: Start typing a query in Google’s search bar and note the suggested completions.

“People Also Ask” Boxes: These expandable sections show common related questions users search like.

c) Related Searches: At the bottom of search results, Google lists related queries that capable of motivate keyword ideas.

d) Featured Snippets: See what information Google highlights as most suitable like specific queries.

Analyze Competitors and Industry Forums

Check out what others in your industry are doing:

Focus on Question Research

Since informational searches are regularly framed as questions:

Build a list of question starters like how, what, why, when, and where link to your topic.

Combine these with applicable industry terms.

How are Informational Keywords Different from Commercial Keywords?

Informational keywords are centered on learning, understanding, or solving problems and do not usually specify an immediate intent to buy. They regular start with question words like how, what, or why. In contrast, commercial keywords show purchase intent, usually including words like best, top, review, or comparisons, signaling that the user is estimate options ago building a purchase.

Verdict Up

Informational keywords are important for any SEO and content marketing strategy, especially for SaaS companies aiming to attract, educate, and convert their audience. By targeting relevant topics, answering user questions, and integrating useful search terms like free press release submission sites instant approval, you can create content that builds trust, improves visibility, and guides users toward meaningful actions.

Contact Us:

DigitalThinkerHelp — Web Development & Digital Marketing Company in Yamunanagar | Institute

Address: 26, Laxmi Nagar Camp, Jain Colony, Yamuna Nagar, Haryana 135001

Phone: +91 9017940459

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Advantages of Batch Processing Operating System

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Advantages of Batch Processing Operating System

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Batch processing system works as an operating system. Batch processing system means to grab all types of programs and data in the batch form then proceed to process. Main motive of using batch processing system is to decrease the set up time while submitting the similar jobs to CPU.

Batch Processing techniques was implemented in the hard disk and card readers as well. In this, all jobs are saved on the hard disk for making the pool of jobs for their execution as a batch form. Batch monitor is started for executing all pooled jobs, after reading them.

These jobs are divided into groups, and finally precede same jobs to similar batch.

Now all batched jobs are ready to execution one by one without wasting more time, and due to this system enhance the system utilization while decrease the turnaround time.

Diagram of Batch Processing Operating System

Functions:

All jobs are executed in the “First Come First Serve” nature.

When job is completed its processing, then its memory is free and result for job get copied as a output spool for further printing otherwise processing.

Advantages of Batch Processing Operating System

Here, we will discuss about various benefits and characteristics such as:

In batch system all jobs are performed in repeating form without user’s permission.

Can be feed input data in the batch processing system without using extra hardware components.

Small scale business can use batch processing system for executing small tasks to their benefits.

For giving rest to system’s processors, your batch system is capable to work in off-line mode.

Batch processing system consumes less time for executing the all jobs.

Batch system is shareable nature, so it can be shared for couples of users, if needed.

When batch processing system executes their jobs then its idle time is very low.

Batch processing system has more capable to handle huge repeated task smoothly.

Disadvantages Batch Processing Operating System

There are various limitations of batch processing operating system, describe below

Provide well education to computer handler for operating the batch processing system.

It takes more time for debugging the batch processing system.

Some time it may be more costly.

It has more turnaround time.

It has Non linear behavior.

Model inaccuracies.

Batch processing system’s online sensors is often not available.

Include constrained operation.

Unmeasured disturbances.

Irreversible behavior.

Time-varying process characteristics.

If any one job halts, then increase workload for predicting time.

Due to any mistake, any job can enter into infinite loop.

If your protection system is not well then, any one job can affect pending jobs.

Examples of Batch Processing Operating System

Payroll System

Bank Invoice System

Transactions Process

Daily Report

Research Segment

Billing System

Payroll System

Batch processing system is more suitable to payroll, because batch system is very useful for calculating the salaries of all employees in the end of month.

Bank Invoice System

Every end of the month, all banks makes the monthly statement for all account holders. So, by using batch processing system, produce all monthly statements of all bank’s clients.

Transactions Process

In the bank sectors, use batch system for every transactions process, and mostly implement the international money transfers system.

Daily Report

In the manufacturer industries, every day need operational statement for production line. Here use the batch system for generating the daily report for maintaining the records.

Researching Segment

Every researcher needs the high scalable performance computing system for submitting the all batch systems.

Billing System

Every telecom operators organizations uses the batch system for processing the all millions call detail records including calculate rates.

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Micro computer is known as personal computer like as small computer. Microcomputers are designed with microprocessor as well as it consists single chip that is CPU (Central Processing Unit), data memory (RAM, ROM), and I/O buses; these are connected on the motherboard.

In the technical form, meaning of the microcomputer is a micro controller. It is using in the home appliances such as microwaves, TV, refrigerator, and more.

Types of Micro Computer

Here, we will explain different types of micro computer with its functions. If, you are thinking that how many types of micro computer? Then here you will get solution. There are –

Desktop micro computers.

Notebook or laptop micro computers

Tablet and Smartphone micro computers

Personal digital assistant and Palmtop micro computers

Workstation and Server micro computers

Mini Tower and Full Tower micro computers

Desktop Micro Computer

Desktop microcomputer plays the major role in the user’s life because users can perform several complicated tasks in few times without getting any hindrance. This computer can place on the table, and it is connected to various components through wires such as keyboard, mouse, and monitor and system unit.

With the help of these components, users can insert their commands, and get output according to given input instructions. These computers are capable to link internet through Wi-Fi or LAN cable.

But it has some drawbacks such as bigger size compare to other Desktop Micro computers (Laptops, PDA, Smartphone, and Notebook). It is not portable because it needs fixed area.

Laptop Micro Computer

Laptop is also known as “Notebook”, and it is designed like as stylish briefcase. They can also perform various complex functions like as Desktop Computer, and they able to run on their in-built battery as well as wall outlet supply.

These micro computers are more expensive to desktop computers because in which various small size components are in built such as keyboard, touchpad LCD display, and other internal parts (Motherboard, CPU, Hard disk, and more). Its best advantage is portability.

Tablet and Smartphone Micro Computer

Tablet microcomputers are handheld portable devices along with touch screen interface, and they are small size than notebooks devices but bigger to Smartphone. In which, users can perform both activities (Input/output) on its LCD screen. They get enable to Wi-Fi and other cellular network for using the internet.

On the Tablet, several applications such as word processing and spreadsheets can run. Sometimes, users can get problems due to lack of its keyboard, but they can use external keyboard if more needed. Some types of Tablets are available in the market such as Apple’s iPad, Microsoft’s Surface or Amazon’s Kindle Fire.

Smartphone

Smartphone is a touch screen mobile phone that is capable to perform various advance functions similar to computer such as install operating system, download different apps, internet access, and more activities.

PDA and Palmtop Micro Computer

PDA stands for “Personal Digital Assistant”, and it is handheld device with great portability as well as smaller in size similar to tablet, palmtop and Smartphone. It has small LCD screen for performing both tasks input/output.

PDA is able to make communication with other computers like as laptops, desktops, and other through LAN cable, infrared (IR), Bluetooth, radio beams, Wi-Fi, and radio waves. Users mostly use PDA for maintaining the record to appointment calendars, to-do lists, address books, and for taking notes.

Palmtop microcomputer is known as “Pocket computer”. It is smaller computer than PDA, and it consumes less power due to small size as well as great portable device. Palmtop computers use stylus pen stick instead of keyboard for inserting the input.

Due to their smaller size, mostly palmtops do not contain the disk drives, but they use PCMCIA slots for enabling disk drives, several modems, memory management, and another terminal. Mostly, Windows CE operating systems are using in the palmtop computer and other handheld computers.

Workstations and Servers Micro Computer

Workstation microcomputer is also an powerful one-side computer, and it consist the multiple microprocessors CPUs.

Mostly, this microcomputer designs for one user to operate for particular applications that needed the more power compare to ordinary PC.

Server microcomputer likes as computer but it contains the different powerful functionalities, which help to render data to another terminal over the several networks such as local area network (LAN) and wide area network (WAN).

Every type of servers designed for specific objectives such as Web server run Apache HTTP server for operating the all web pages on the internet. But, Mail server uses for sending and receiving emails.

Mini Tower and Full Tower Micro Computer

Mini tower microcomputer is developed like as small tower. Due to compact size, it can placed on the table with acquiring less space compare to other desktop microcomputers. Input/output devices can connect with it through different buses.

Full tower microcomputer is full version of mini tower microcomputer, and it also contains the numerous peripheral components such as motherboard, storage device, graphics card, power supply, and more.

Uses of Micro compute

There are various applications of microcomputer in different areas such as –

In Home for Personal Usage

Micro computers are going to use in the home for several purposes such as playing games, entertainment (listen music, Watching movies).

In Business

Microcomputers are playing vital role in every sectors of business because due to use of this computer, massive paperwork reduced. Every organization needs microcomputer to process of massive data such as each bank’s employees use computer to perform their task in short duration.

Other sectors where to use microcomputer such as graphic design, architecture firms, film studios, and more.

It can also use in the retail sector as software, and it reduces headache; because it can manipulate several complex calculation in few time duration like as tax returns, manage invoices and sort out payroll.

Medical Sector

Microcomputers are very useful in the medical line to keep all records of all kind of patients in different areas such as small clinics and hospitals. Several lab technicians use these computers in many sophisticated equipment like as X-ray machines and (MRI) magnetic resonance imaging devices.

Education Sector

Microcomputers are used in the numerous colleges and universities for teaching students on the projectors.

Other computer centers also use several microcomputers for providing computer education to their students.

Data Center Points

Microcomputers can be used to alter massive computing units in the data centers with using micro servers because it is able to consume less power and space.

Mobile Computing Device

Microcomputers are getting more popularity due to use in the mobile computing devices like as PDA, tablet, palmtop, and Smartphone. These devices can be accessed anytime and anywhere with wireless network.

Use as Micro controllers

Micro controllers are enabled with CPU, program memory, and I/O connectors. This system is used in the embedded applications like as medical and office equipment, robot, automobile engine control systems, and more.

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In this article, we will explain you about how to edit a PDF on Mac for free version with using 8 simply hacks. At the end, you will say that I can do it myself!!

If, sometimes you want to few editing in your PDF document and you are using Mac or Macbook then you don’t need to download any third party program to edit PDF file.

Mac is enabled with two amazing apps like as Preview and Quick Look, with the help of these apps you can do many editing in your PDF document.

How to Edit a PDF on Mac using Preview?

Your Mac is enabled with Preview in-built amazing feature to open PDF document that lets you to fill in PDF document created with accessible features like as fill in boxes for your name and address.

Preview allows you to Filing in a PDF Form, Highlighting Existing Text, Adding New Text, Redaction a PDF Document’s Sections, Rotating PDF Page, Adding a Signature, and Inserting Drawings and Shapes. Below explain each one:

Filing in an PDF Form

If you wish to try open PDF document along with fillable fields in your Preview app, then you can edit them with making click on the form elements directly. This will displays as text boxes or checkboxes that you can make to interact with.

Now you can add information to your file by clicking on fillable text box. Once done it, then must be saved it by going to File > Save.

Highlighting Existing Text

Preview lets you to highlight text in your PDF document to make stand out against the rest. Here’s how:

Click on <Highlight> button into menu bar of Preview.

And then you have to use mouse cursor to choose any text you want to highlight.

If you don’t like this existing color of highlight then you can change it by clicking down arrow icon next to Highlight button, and choose one of bunch’s color in drop down menu.

Adding New Text

If sometimes you want to try type something on your PDF document on Mac directly, then Preview allows you to insert additional text to PDF document by using of text boxes. Here’ how:

Click on <Markup> button, and then select the button.

Now text box will visible on your document, and can be changed position text box by using your mouse. Then make double click on text box to start editing it.

Redaction a PDF Document’s Sections

Preview allows you to redaction tool to remove any section of your PDF document. Here’s how:

Navigate Markup > Redact > OK, and then choose the portion you want to hide from visible area.

Once completed it, must be saved PDF by going to File > Save.

Rotating PDF Page

If sometimes you wish to try rotating a specific page in your PDF document then Preview also allows you rotation option. Here’s how:

Open your PDF document in your Preview app.

Choose the certain page you want to rotate from sidebar.

Now you have to need click on <Rotate> button to rotate your page.

Once done it, to save your change File > Save.

Adding a Signature

Preview also lets you to quickly insert your signature to your PDF documents.

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Inserting Drawings and Shapes

Mac’s Preview lets you to insert custom shapes like as circles or square otherwise can be freely draw any object on your PDF document with helping of free drawing tools such as (Sketch and Pen). Here’ how to use:

Click on <Markup> icon to display toolbar. For putting a shape, click on shape icon, and then select a shape to draw. Then your selected shape will show in your PDF document automatically.

If you want to try draw freely, choose either the Sketch or Pen icons, and then use mouse cursor to draw onto PDF document’s pages directly.

Merge Multiple PDF Documents

To combine PDF documents, you have to need open one PDF in your Preview app.

Go to View > Thumbnails to view thumbnails of all pages.

Navigate Edit > Insert > Page from file and open another PDF file.

Select destination and keep to save this updated document as PDF.

Splitting PDF Files

To separate pages in a scanned PDF, you can simply drag these pages you wish to delete from thumbnails pane to desktop.

Compress PDF File

You can reduce your PDF document by using Preview app.

How to Edit a PDF using QuickLook

QuickLook is also Mac’s built-in previewing app that is semi version of Preview app. QuickLook lets you to quickly view and edit to PDF documents on your Mac free of cost.

Here’s how to use some edit tools in Quick Look to fill in a PDF document on your Mac and Macbook.

Firstly locate the PDF document in <Finder> you wish to edit.

Next select it and hit the <Spacebar> key from your keyboard.

Once you pressed spacebar then preview of file will display on your Mac’s screen.

Next you see icon looks as <Pencil> at the top right of same window and click on it.

Further you will view few editing tools, and these tools like as drawing tool, shapes, and third position a txt tool, you can click on that as per your need.

Now if you click on text tool a box then it will appear with word Text inside, and then it can be moved at any position on your Mac’s screen, as well as type something whatever you wish to insert to PDF document.

Text is existed red color by default, but you can change appearance, choose drop down box beyond A and select colour, font and size of your text.

Once you done it, hit on <Done> button to save all changes.

Now this completed PDF document can be shared.

Edit a PDF using Third-Party Editors

If you wish to need other extra features, then you can try a third party PDF editor.

Here we will show you some third party PDF editor; you can select one as per your need.

PDFpen App

PDFpen lets you to make corrections or rewrite few texts along with original document with editable text blocks, as well as can be used to highlight, draw, and scribble on your PDF file.

How to Correct Text

Launch PDFpen application, and then open your PDF file you want to edit.

Next highlight the text along with PDF and press the <Correct Text>

Now you can delete current text and type your desired text.

To Add and Edit Image in PDF Document

Hit on <Insert> icon and select the image you wish to insert.

Next you can resize and move image with dragging it around internal PDF document.

Make adjustment in image by making double click on image.

Now it lets you to delete image and drop new ones also.

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In this article, we will explain you about edit a PDF on Mac for free version with using 8 simply hacks. At the end, you will say that I can do it myself!!

If, sometimes you want to few editing in your PDF document and you are using Mac or Macbook then you don’t need to download any third party program to edit PDF file.

Mac is enabled with two amazing apps like as Preview and Quick Look, with the help of these apps you can do many editing in your PDF document.

How to Edit a PDF on Mac using Preview?

Your Mac is enabled with Preview in-built amazing feature to open PDF document that lets you to fill in PDF document created with accessible features like as fill in boxes for your name and address.

Preview allows you to Filing in a PDF Form, Highlighting Existing Text, Adding New Text, Redaction a PDF Document’s Sections, Rotating PDF Page, Adding a Signature, and Inserting Drawings and Shapes. Below explain each one:

Filing in an PDF Form

If you wish to try open PDF document along with fillable fields in your Preview app, then you can edit them with making click on the form elements directly. This will displays as text boxes or checkboxes that you can make to interact with.

Now you can add information to your file by clicking on fillable text box. Once done it, then must be saved it by going to File > Save.

Highlighting Existing Text

Preview lets you to highlight text in your PDF document to make stand out against the rest. Here’s how:

Click on <Highlight> button into menu bar of Preview.

And then you have to use mouse cursor to choose any text you want to highlight.

If you don’t like this existing color of highlight then you can change it by clicking down arrow icon next to Highlight button, and choose one of bunch’s color in drop down menu.

Adding New Text

If sometimes you want to try type something on your PDF document on Mac directly, then Preview allows you to insert additional text to PDF document by using of text boxes. Here’ how:

Click on <Markup> button, and then select the button.

Now text box will visible on your document, and can be changed position text box by using your mouse. Then make double click on text box to start editing it.

Redaction a PDF Document’s Sections

Preview allows you to redaction tool to remove any section of your PDF document. Here’s how:

Navigate Markup > Redact > OK, and then choose the portion you want to hide from visible area.

Once completed it, must be saved PDF by going to File > Save.

Rotating PDF Page

If sometimes you wish to try rotating a specific page in your PDF document then Preview also allows you rotation option. Here’s how:

Open your PDF document in your Preview app.

Choose the certain page you want to rotate from sidebar.

Now you have to need click on <Rotate> button to rotate your page.

Once done it, to save your change File > Save.

Adding a Signature

Preview also lets you to quickly insert your signature to your PDF documents.

For More Visit - Computer Tech Info

Inserting Drawings and Shapes

Mac’s Preview lets you to insert custom shapes like as circles or square otherwise can be freely draw any object on your PDF document with helping of free drawing tools such as (Sketch and Pen). Here’ how to use:

Click on <Markup> icon to display toolbar. For putting a shape, click on shape icon, and then select a shape to draw. Then your selected shape will show in your PDF document automatically.

If you want to try draw freely, choose either the Sketch or Pen icons, and then use mouse cursor to draw onto PDF document’s pages directly.

Merge Multiple PDF Documents

To combine PDF documents, you have to need open one PDF in your Preview app.

Go to View > Thumbnails to view thumbnails of all pages.

Navigate Edit > Insert > Page from file and open another PDF file.

Select destination and keep to save this updated document as PDF.

Splitting PDF Files

To separate pages in a scanned PDF, you can simply drag these pages you wish to delete from thumbnails pane to desktop.

Compress PDF File

You can reduce your PDF document by using Preview app.

How to Edit a PDF using QuickLook

QuickLook is also Mac’s built-in previewing app that is semi version of Preview app.

QuickLook lets you to quickly view and edit to PDF documents on your Mac free of cost.

Here’s how to use some edit tools in Quick Look to fill in a PDF document on your Mac and Macbook.

Firstly locate the PDF document in <Finder> you wish to edit.

Next select it and hit the <Spacebar> key from your keyboard.

Once you pressed spacebar then preview of file will display on your Mac’s screen.

Next you see icon looks as <Pencil> at the top right of same window and click on it.

Further you will view few editing tools, and these tools like as drawing tool, shapes, and third position a txt tool, you can click on that as per your need.

Now if you click on text tool a box then it will appear with word Text inside, and then it can be moved at any position on your Mac’s screen, as well as type something whatever you wish to insert to PDF document.

Text is existed red color by default, but you can change appearance, choose drop down box beyond A and select colour, font and size of your text.

Once you done it, hit on <Done> button to save all changes.

Now this completed PDF document can be shared.

Edit a PDF using Third-Party Editors

If you wish to need other extra features, then you can try a third party PDF editor.

Here we will show you some third party PDF editor; you can select one as per your need.

PDFpen App

PDFpen lets you to make corrections or rewrite few texts along with original document with editable text blocks, as well as can be used to highlight, draw, and scribble on your PDF file.

How to Correct Text

Launch PDFpen application, and then open your PDF file you want to edit.

Next highlight the text along with PDF and press the <Correct Text>

Now you can delete current text and type your desired text.

To Add and Edit Image in PDF Document

Hit on <Insert> icon and select the image you wish to insert.

Next you can resize and move image with dragging it around internal PDF document.

Make adjustment in image by making double click on image.

Now it lets you to delete image and drop new ones also.

Prizmo App

Prizmo app lets you instantly capture text as well as making it fluid and editable.

Make PDF from the image along with Prizmo. Here’s how:

Press the <+> icon on Prizmo App.

This will open drop down menu and find out your source.

Next you have to choose image you want to convert to PDF and hit on <Add> option.

Further press the <Recognize> that showing at top right corner.

Now you will see editable text on right side of same window.

PDF Expert

PDF Expert editor lets you to edit text, edit image, to merge multiple PDF files, make Table of content in your PDF document, to insert hyperlink, to redact PDF file, to delete PDF file’s pages, and more.

Edit Text in PDF File

Firstly you have to need Download PDF Expert as Free version

Next hit on <Edit> option at the top toolbar and choose <Text> item.

Select a fragment of text you wish to edit.

Now you can make change and click on blank space.

Delete Pages in PDF File

Select Thumbnail that showing at the top bar.

Choose the page you want to delete.

Now click on <Delete> button at the top bar.

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How to Change Lock Screen Picture on Mac

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How to Change Lock Screen Picture on Mac

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In this article, we will guide you about how to change lock screen picture on mac and customize as well. In the end, you will say that it is easier task and i can do it myself!

With the using of this feature, you can customize your lock screen along with your favorite photo and message otherwise turn off together.

How to Change Lock Screen Picture on Mac?

In this section, you will learn about how you can change your change lock screen on Mac and Macbook step by step; below mentioned all steps:

Before getting to start, you must be need to download your favorite picture that you wish to use for customized lock screen and make adjustment its size for better match along with your Mac resolution.

Once you have saved this image that you wish to use then follow these steps:

Let’s Get Starting!!

Firstly you have to click on <Apple> icon that is appearing at the top left corner of your screen, and then choose the <About This Mac>

Next new window will be opened and hit on <Displays> tab for getting identify screen’s resolution.

Further you have to launch your saved picture in “Preview” and then go to Tools > Adjust Size.

Here you can adjustment the pixel that will be matching with your screen’s resolution and hit on <OK> button.

Once updated this image, you have to save picture as PNG format named as <apple.desktop.admin>

Now choose <Go> option at the upper toolbar and then go to <Go to Folder>

Next new pop up window will be displaying and then type </Library/Caches> into pop up and hit on <Go>.

Further you have to drag your picture on to folder labelled as <apple.desktop.admin.png> and press the <Replace> button.

Now your lock screen image has been changed, when next time you will log in your Mac system after getting to restart or shutdown. Then you can see your new lock screen picture.

Note: When in further, you have to try change your desktop background image then it will replace your lock screen picture along with blurred version of desktop.

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Getting to Turn off Lock Screen on Mac

If you don’t want to use your lock screen image on Mac in longer time then you have to option for getting to turn off it. How’s here?

Go to <Apple> icon and then click on <System Preferences> option.

Next new window will be appear and select the <Security & Privacy> icon.

Now tick checkbox next to <Require password>

If you will get pup up window that it confirm ensure you want to turn off screen lock then click on <Turn off Screen Lock> option.

Now here it is completely disabled your Lock Screen on your Mac and Macbook.

Changing Lock Screen Message on Mac

While changing your lock screen image, you can also change or add any eye catching message. How’s here?

Again go to <Apple> icon and click on it then choose the <System Preferences> option

Next hit on <Security & Privacy> icon

Further hit on <lock> icon that is appearing bottom left corner on same window and introduces your password for getting to make change.

Now tick the check box next to <Show a message when the screen is locked> and then choose the <Set Lock Message>

Next here write your inspirational message and then click on <OK> button

Now when you see lock screen then this message will greet to you.

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Touchpad is a controlling input positioning device of computer. Touchpad has another names the glide pad and glide point. This touchpad is best alternative option to computer mouse. Mostly, Computer touchpad device get attach on the laptop; but some time it found on keyboard as well.

Computer Touchpad is totally controlled by user’s finger, when they slide his fingers on the surface area of touchpad.

Touchpad allows to fast movement cursor on the monitor screen while slow finger movement on the touchpad’s surface zone.

Computer touchpad has two buttons that called left-click and right-click same as mouse buttons. In latest touchpad, it acquires large surface area for fingertips, and their buttons embedded below the surface area due to users convenience.

Touchpad History

First touchpad designed by George E. Gerpheide in 1988 along with Psion’s MC 200/400/600/WORD Series.

Touchpad had been started to be used in laptops in 1990.

Apple Computer has to release the certified license for using in their Powerbook laptops in 1994.

Synaptic also designed their touchpad as branded in the computer industry.

After that, Epson also was taken of that opportunities and launched their touchpad product in marketplace.

Advantages of Touchpad

Below, we will spread the light on the touchpad features as well as benefits such as:

No required more space for using it because touchpad embedded in to laptop or keyboard.

Touchpad has better as well as fast selection control any objects to mouse.

No need any smooth surface area under it like as using for mouse.

Easy to operate.

It is more sensitive device.

If you are using laptop then it more comfortable while laying on your bed.

No tension for wireless and wire device because it built in your laptop.

No need to pay extra money for buying it because touchpad get link

On your keyboard or laptop.

When you are travelling then it can be easily carry without any hindrance.

It has good portability.

It has better finger control.

It has fast navigation via various application areas and internet as well.

Need little bit finger movement for moving the cursor on the screen.

No more wait for using mode while booting your system.

Touchpad provides the rest to wrist while using it compare to mouse because it can be using by one or two finger, not use your fully palm.

Touchpad is attached with your system, so it does not need special drivers for its installation in the computer system.

Disadvantages of Touchpad

Need some skills for using touchpad to handle the cursor’s position on your monitor screen.

Touchpad cannot be used while wearing gloves in winter season.

Probably, some problem can be arising while controlling the cursor on the monitor display, if you are using first time.

Touchpad is costly to mouse.

Mostly, touchpad is built-in on the laptop.

If you are performing some activities such as drag and drop then some difficulties can be create.

It can be created disturbance to sending signals through sensor, if you are using moist and sweaty fingers.

It has more difficult to use in cramped condition as there space limitation for moving.

Required limited area for using it.

Not possible to scroll across the monitor screen in one go.

Touchpad cannot perform massive movement.

Touchpad Function

There are numerous touchpad functions with solving the question that how does Touchpad work? Below describe every one

Enhance Sound – Perform dragging with your finger to upside direction on the touchpad surface.

Decrease Sound – Perform dragging along with finger to downside on the touchpad.

Pause/Resume – Lightly tap two times to touch pad surface.

Play forward track – When you drag your finger to forwards side on the touchpad.

Play backward track – Execute dragging to reverse side on the touch pad.

Fast forward – Drag finger upward direction on the surface of touch pad while holding it minimum 1 second duration.

Rewind function – Drag finger downward side on the touch pad while holding it minimum 1 second duration.

Call assistance with personally – Tap center of touch pad for 2 seconds.

Attend/Decline Call – little Tap on the touch pad two times.

Release call and Toggle between two calling person – For performing this task, you little press of center area of touch pad probably 2 seconds duration.

How to Use Laptop Mouse (Touchpad)?

If you do not know the procedure of using the touchpad then follow these steps one by one:

Ensure that your touchpad is must be turn on mode. If not, then Go to “Start” > “Control Panel”, and going to ON touchpad.

When you have entered the Control Panel then open the mouse properties and choose the option “Touchpad”.

Now you have to inside the “Touchpad” option, then open the image of touchpad for changing its setting. Open new menu choose “Device Select”, and press the “Enable”.

Select “OK” and shutdown windows if open any.

Now you are enabling to use of touchpad along with various functionalities such as:

Clicking

“Click” means to “Press and release the touchpad buttons”. There are numerous uses of “Clicking” like as

Click any particular point in the document, and can be start for editing it.

Can use in couples of windows for checking the check box and radio buttons as well.

Can also use “Double Click” for opening any file or folder for editing them.

Right-Clicking

When you click right button of touchpad, then new shortcut menu will be open, and in which various options given.

Users can select any option as per need like as if you choose the “Desktop Properties” then can be changing all setting of desktop as per his convinces.

Dragging

Drag means to “move the cursor on the monitor display at any location while holding the left button of touchpad”. With using this function, you can drag all objects at any location such as up, down, right, and left.

If, you select any object then it becomes highlighted then that object is ready to perform activities that selected by user. Such as has been become “DELETE” while pressing delete key.

Scrolling

Users are able to scroll of enlarge documents or webpage such as website with using touchpad. When you want to use scroll function in touchpad then marked the area on the right side or left side then your finger is able to scroll the document up or down directions.

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Router is a network hardware device that allows to make communication in between the internet and all devices which linked to the internet in your house and office.

In this section, we will spread the light about how to work router in the computer networking, and you must be knowing overview the working of router.

Router has responsible to receives, analyze, and forward the all data packets from the modem. Once done, transfer it to the destination point. After reaching the data packets, the router monitors the destination address. Get to make consultation its routing table that take the decision which is the best route for transferring the data packets.

Working of Router

Binary format like as (0s and 1s) bits form that is easily understandable by machines. And packets which are group of these bits, they traverse over the network. Entire mechanism through those series of packets transmits over the network that managed by the IP (Internet Protocol).

Explanation Router Example with Diagram

End devices such as (PC, laptop or phone) which generate the few sequences of data into Bit form. And then IP always ready to send these packets to further processing. If, massive amount of information to be broadcasted then huge amount of bit are required for sending along with packets format.

All IP (Internet Protocol) packets let transmit along with their paths across the network. Then router has responsible for getting to packet routing to destination point.

While sending and receiving all data packets, each device appends the IP address with these packets; IP address means unique address like as your postal house address. The main goal of IP address like as postal address, it means it identifies the sender and receiver over the network.

So, router has the all information that which path is better to send packets across network. This information stores into routing table, but before sending any packet, it takes the decision that route is OK for forwarding them. So, this processing is known as the “Routing Process“.

How Does Router Identify That What is Better Route?

Router has own ports or other interfaces which are getting to make interface along with other connected network devices. Interfaces help to make communication with links that use for packet forwarding. Links means that cable, fiber or even wireless.

Routing Process Mechanism

When packet reaches on the interface, then router must be knowing that which interface get need to use for sending out the packet.

Router monitors the Routing Table which has entries related to every aware to Destination point.

Every Routing Entry holds the destination address and address of further device on path known Next HOP device.

Then, existing NEXT HOP address, router has capable to check the outgoing interface and ready to sends the packets.

Routing Protocols

This protocol helps to specify a best path for router to identify other router over the network. There are various protocols; below explain each one-

Open Shortest Path First (OSPF): Use to manipulate the better path for given packets to arrive the destination point.

Border Gateway Protocol (BGP): This protocol helps to manage that how packets do flowed over the internet through exchange of information in between the edge routers.

Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP): It helps to identify how routing information will be exchanged in between the gateways along with an independent network.

Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing

Protocol (EIGRP): In this protocol, router is unable to search a best route to a destination from the routing table. So, it asks route to its neighbors, and they pass query to their neighbors while finding the path.

Exterior Gateway Protocol (EGP): It helps to take decision that how to exchange the information in between two neighbors gateway hosts.

Routing Information Protocol (RIP): This protocol helps to determine that how router can share information while transmitting traffic with connected group of LAN.

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A multi user operating system allows to permission of multiple users for accessing the single machine at a time. All different users can access that system running operating system with the help of several terminals, which allow connecting in networking form. Here, we will explain of multi user OS in detail.

Main objective of designing of Multi user OS is to use time sharing and Batch processing on mainframe. Now these days, this multi user operating system is using in the large organization, government sector, educational system such as large scale university.

And, they are mostly using in the servers side like as Ubunto Server or Windows Server. These servers grant the permission of multiple users to accessing the operating system, kernel, and hardware simultaneously.

Component of Multi User Operating System

There are four types are software components of multi user OS. Below explain each one.

Kernel

Multi user operating system uses the Kernel component in low level that written in the low level language. This component embedded in the main memory of computer system, and it can interface directly with Hardware of system.

Device Handler

Main goal of device handler is to provide the all requests on entire device request queue pool. Device handler is designed individually for every I/O device. Device handler works as continuous cycle mode, and firstly it discards the Input/output request block from queue side.

Spooler

Spooler stands for “Simultaneous Peripheral Output On Line” that executes the all computing process, and it provides the output at same time. Several output device use the spooling, for example printer.

User Interface

User interface is the communication medium in between the users and all functions of software an hardware. Main objective of using user interface is to create simple environment for all users for using the computer system.

Types of Multi user Operating System

There are three different types of multi user OS with classification, and here we will describe each one.

Distributed Systems

In this, entire system is distributed in the network form, and every terminal connects with each other with high speed buses or telephone line. In the distributed system, any user can access of system’s resources from anyone terminal of distributed system.

Time-Sliced Systems

In this type of system, small time duration get allot to every task. CPU time is divided into small time slices, and one time slice is assigned to each user, and this time slices are very short duration. They use the mainframe system at concurrently.

Multiprocessor System

This system involves the multiple processors, and it helps to improve the performance of entire system. If, in this system one processor gets fails then other processor has to responsible for completing of its assigned task.

How to Work Multi User Operating System?

The multi user system contains the single master system. This master system can also access by all users anywhere and anytime on network, and they can open own local view of system. This local view is also known as “working model”.

All users can make any updating, deletion, and create new file on their working model at local area, but this working model will not show to another users until they save own working model to master system.

Features & Characteristics of Multi User

Operating System

There are some features and uses of multi user operating system.

Multi Tasking: Multi user O/S is capable to perform couple of tasks at concurrently, and multiple programs can also run on this OS at a same time.

Resource Sharing: In the multi user operating system, several peripheral can share such as printers, fax m/c, plotters, and hard drives etc. Due to this feature, users can share own documents. In this system, tiny time slice of CPU time is allotted to all users.

Background Processing: In which, if given instructions are not processed, and then they perform their tasks in the background as well as other programs are interacting with system in the current time.

Advantages of Multi User OS

Multi user operating system is very useful in offices or library, because it can easily handle printing jobs with effective manner.

Multiple users can access same copy of document on one computer system. For example, if some PPT file stores in the one computer, then other user can watch this PPT on other terminals.

Multi user O/S uses in the ticket reservation system.

Multi user O/S is also using in the some functionality of Airlines.

Entire system does not get halt, if one computer gets fails in own network system.

All company’s managers also can use the multi user operating system for searching manufacturing records. This is because; record is stored in one system but staff no bound on one computer, they can access other terminals those records.

Disadvantage of Multi User OS

If, virus attacks on one computer, then this virus spreads on entire network system simultaneously, and finally all computer system can get fails.

All information of computer is shared publicly, so your private data is shared on the entire network.

Multi User Operating System Examples

There are amazing list of Multi user

Operating System.

Unix

Mainframe OS

Windows NT

Windows 2000

Windows XP

Windows Vista

Mac OS X

Linux

FreeBSD

NetBSD

Plan 9

QNX

BeOS

GNU HURD

AIX

VMS

HP-UX

IRIX

Tru64

OpenBSD

Solaris

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A Complete Guide About UTP Cable (Unshielded Twisted Pair)

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A Complete Guide About UTP Cable (Unshielded Twisted Pair)

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UTP stands for “Unshielded Twisted Pair” cable, and it contains 100 ohm copper cable that has 2 to 1800 unshielded twisted pairs surrounded by an outer jacket. It has no any metallic shield, and helps to make small in diameter but does not provide better protection appose to electrical interference.

How does UTP work:

UTP cable has four pair of color coded copper wires together that covered with flexible plastic sheath. Due to twist of copper wire, it gets cancel electromagnetic interference from the external sources.

Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable does not contain any other extra shielding such as meshes or aluminum foil, which appended in bulk, are using. UTP cables do not implement any shielding to counter EMI and RFI effects.

UTP cables are mostly using in the computer network as well as in the telecommunication sector as telephone wires and Ethernet cables. It is small size, so easy to installation.

Types of UTP Cables

Unshielded twisted pair has fives categories that defined by TIA/EIA 568 standard; below mention each one –

CAT1:

CAT1 only uses in telephone wiring, but it is not able to support computer network traffic and is not get twist.

CAT2:

CAT2 is commonly using for token ring networks,, and it can support up to 4 Mbps transfer data speed.

CAT3:

At present days, CAT3 is also commonly using in phone lines, and it can support 10 Mbps for up to 100 meters.

CAT4:

CAT4 is designed especially for token ring networks and other networking system, because it is capable to support 16 Mbps for up to 100 meters.

CAT5:

It is mostly going to use in Ethernet based LAN, and it consists four twisted pairs, as well as having ability to 100 Mbps for up to 100 meters.

CAT5e:

CAT5e is a sub type of CAT5, so it can also use in Ethernet based LANs networks. It contains four twisted pair cable, and can support 1 Gbps for 100 meters.

CAT6:

CAT6 introduced to support gigabit Ethernet that allows gigabit transmission over CAT5e cable. It consists physical separator in between four pair that helps to decrease electromagnetic interference.

CAT6e:

CAT6 has four tightly wounded twisted pairs, and it mostly uses in Ethernet-based LANs and data center networks. I can support 1 Gbps for up to 100 meters and 10 Gbps for up to 50 meters.

CAT7:

CAT7 contains 4 individually shielded pair plus an extra cable shield to provide the protection the signals from crosstalk and electromagnetic interference, and it can support 10Gbps at lengths of up to 100 meters.

Uses and Applications of UTP Cable

Unshielded twisted pair cable has mostly application areas LAN networks, and it also can use low speed data, voice, audio and paging systems, high speed data, as well as building automation and control systems.

Unshielded twisted pair cable is also commonly using in horizontal and backbone cabling subsystems.

It also uses in computer and telecommunications industry as Ethernet cables and telephone wires.

Advantages of UTP Cable

There are various benefits of unshielded twisted pair cable; below explain each one –

It has great flexibility that helps to make easier to installation and handling.

Affordable price than other networking cables

It takes less space, due to small size so it doesn’t need fill up wiring ducts.

Mostly used for networking architecture

UTP cable introduces to encounter to EMI, RFI and crosstalk.

In UTP cable, doesn’t need grounding.

Disadvantages of UTP Cable

There are various limitations of unshielded twisted pair cable; below explain each one –

UTP is limited to bandwidth.

It is not able to provide better protection in transmission of data.

UTP is capable only to cable segment length about 100 meters only.

It gets susceptible to noise and highly prone to external interference such as EMI and RFI.

UTP gets more susceptible to interference than other kinds of cables.

UTP cable contains the signal boosts in shorter compare to other cables like as coaxial cable and fiber optic cables and shielded twisted pair cable.

Characteristics of UTP Cable

It provides the speed or throughput of almost 10 to 1000Mbps.

It contains the maximum cable length of about 100 meter.

UTP gets high attenuation than STP.

It generates higher crosstalk to STP.

It does not need grounding cable.

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Top Blog Submission Sites with High DA for Backlinks

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Top Blog Submission Sites with High DA for Backlinks

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Are you finding top high authority blog submission sites list to establish valuable backlink quickly in 2025? If yes, then don’t move from here. This is because; you have come at right platform, where you will receive best blog posting platforms.

Did you may aware of that there are 800 million blogs digital presence over the world? It doesn’t mean, what is your niche, in everywhere you will get struggle with too much competition.

Therefore, what can the right strategy to beat your competitors in the SEO WORLD?

Good news! Our SEO experts will reveal some proven strategies that help to obtain higher quality backlinks for improve your content exposure.

What is Blog Submission in SEO?

Blog submission is most effective SEO methodology, where you can add your content to different online platforms, like as online directories, social bookmarking, article submission, and more.

With doing this, your content get promote on wider range of audience over internet; as well as obtain quality contextual backlink.

While using blog submission higher DA websites, you can get exposure digital visible as exponentially. Other than, your website gets better position on SERP, and drive quality traffic on your website.

Why do You Use Free Blog Submission Websites?

Over internet, both options are available free and paid version blog submission. Therefore, you can use one of them as your convince.

At the initially phase, you should be adopting top blog submission websites. These are most cost-effective technique to expose your content without paying any coin.

These digital platforms help to spread your piece of content over many channels and increasing digital presence. Thus, huge web traffic moves to your targeting website free of cost.

Therefore, blog submission sites also assist to boost up your content marketing methodologies.

Benefits of Using Blog Submission in SEO

Now, you are thinking about what are benefits of applying blog submission strategy. OK, instead of assisting to improve online visibility, you can also get other benefits. Let’s start one by one:

Enhance Your Site’s Authority

The more DA and PA your site has, the better your ranking on SERP. Using high DA blog submission sites can help increase your site’s DA, thus increasing your rank.

Higher DA and PA websites have get better ranking on Google and Other search engine’s SERP. Therefore, by apply this submission method, can be increasing authority of your business website.

Receive Quality Backlinks

Backlink is also main parameter to get higher rank on Google’s SERP. As SEO point of view, do follow backlink pass link juice from referral site to your targeting website. For achieving this goal, you should adopt this blog submission off page SEO techniques.

Drive Huge Organic Traffic

Blog directory submission sites can help you increase your blog traffic in a short time. This can only happen when your blog post is relevant, attractive, and engaging.

Blog submission platforms are most effective way that helps to drive more traffic in fewer time frames. For achieving this goal, you blog content must be relevant, appealing, and more engaging.

Get More Exposure

You can get more exposure with using best free or paid blog posting sites. Many content creator or blogger love these website, their article will get viral, if it is most valuable. Therefore, everything depends on your higher quality and relevant post.

Get Top Position on Google’s Search

For your knowledge, popular blog submission platforms do allowing you to earn higher quality do-follow backlinks. So, Google and other search engines love this kind of contextual hyperlinks.

Fastest Indexing

If you choose higher authority blog submission sites, then your website will get indexing quickly. It is most essential for all search engine‘s SERP.

Hot Tips: For doing Blog Submission

Here, we will reveal some essential instructions that help to add your blog on blog submission platform:

Choose Right Blog Submission Sites:

First, select perfect blog submission websites list that are most closed to your industry. For this, you can look them on social media platforms, search engines, or other sources.

Registration Process:

Once chosen right blog submission websites, you need to get sign up on those platforms, if required. Some allow adding your site without creating account, but other requires making accounts on them.

Looking Terms & Conditions Carefully:

Every blog submission platforms have own group of rules that you must be agreed them. So, before going to adding your blog carefully read their all terms and conditions.

Craft Eye Catchy Headlines:

As you know, people always see headlines of any piece of content. Therefore, your title of your blog should be appealing that insist to audience for reading your content.

Put More Engaging Description:

Description means short summary of your article that grab user’s attention. Ensure it is more engaging that encourage people to click for reading your blog.

Submit Targeting Blog Link:

Once done everything, next you need to place the link of your blog in their submission form. Ensure, your link is perfect user-friendly that leads to correct article.

Wait for Approval:

After submitting your blog perfectly, you have to wait a few hours or days to be approval that given by webmaster.

With following these essential instructions, you can win success to add your blog on those submission websites. And, improve the digital presence and better readership

Best Free Blog Submission Sites List for SEO

bloggersroad.com

howcube.com

rgbwebtech.com

allsuccesspath.com

fitnessgoal4u.com

a1truejobs.com

webjeevan.com

webxsky.com

appskystar.com

digitalskystar.com

appjeevan.com

techskystar.com

Get More Blog Submission Sites List – CONTACT US

FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions)

What are The Top Blog Submission Sites in India?

There are some popular sites, like as:

Medium

Blogger

Tumblr

GrowthHackers

Bloglovin

http://Scoop.it

Do Blog Submission Sites Accept All Types of Content?

Mostly all sites have content guidelines that disallow to spam, plagiarized, or AI content.

Can We Get Do follow Backlinks from Blog Submission Sites?

Some sites offer do follow backlinks, but many provide no follow links. Both types can improve your SEO practice.

What Mistakes Should You Avoid in Using Blog Submission Sites?

Adding low-quality or duplicate content

Not apply website guidelines

Overloading with links that mark as (spammy behavior)

Not engaging with the community

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Best Classified submission sites 2025 are most helpful off-page SEO strategy to improve online credibility and visibility. This strategy helps to scale up your business; and improve your personal brand. It doesn’t matter that you have small or big business. This is proven method that works for both size businesses to reach a wider audience perfectly. These classified submission sites are strong and most powerful, cost effective way to get noticed.

But while selecting classified sites, always give preference to higher DA & PA websites. This is because; these kinds of sites have good reputation and trust over audience. Along with, Google and other search engines always keep eyes on those reliable websites. With applying good authority websites, you can also improve your website’s SEO parameters.

Other than, classified submission sites also help to improve search ranking on Google’s SERP by offering high quality backlinks.

Don’t confuse about using classified sites! Here, you will get to know all possible stuffs about classified submission. Along with, get list of classified submission sites with their higher DA and PA.

Importance of Classified Submission Sites in SEO

The main goal of classified in SEO for local business is to standing out differently your business online all over world.

Other than, classified submission also helps to exhibit the presence of your business’s site on different search engines. Keep remember, with doing perfectly classified submission, your website can also get higher rank on Google’s SERP.

Reasons: Choose Best Classified Ads Posting Sites

Classified ads let you attract your target audience. It increases your website traffic and allows the customers who want your product to engage with.

With applying proper classified ads, you can attract most targeted users. As well, boost up website’s traffic; and grant permission customers, who are ready to buy your services or products.

There are some best classified ads submission websites that allow posting ads as free. So, you can decrease the spending advertisement amount and get best output. Thus, you don’t have to need invest huge amount of money on running ads on TV, Radio, and other areas.

High Authority classified submission sites also give tutorials about how to get focus on users.

It is important to select free classifieds submission websites with wisely, when you do list your ads on them online business. Ensure your focus must be on higher DA/PA classified sites.

Why it is, because Google and other search engines always give first priority on higher DA/PA websites.

Tips Before Submitting Classified Submission Sites

If you are going to post your ads in classified submission sites, then some essential things should be aware of:

Well Optimized Image: These classified submission sites allow uploading few images related to your service or product. Really, it will work perfectly, and improve the online visibility of your business brand.

Guidelines: Posting Ads in Classified Sites as Free

There are some essential step that help to submit free ads on classified as posting websites, including:

Top Free Classified Ads Posting Sites

hoobly.com

clickindia.com

click.in

locanto.com

tuffclassified.com

adeex.in

hindustanlink.com

vivastreet.co.in

indiabook.com

innetads.com

bhartiads.com

freeadstime.org

locanto.ca

classifiedads.com

canadianplanet.net

freeadsincanada.com

toronto.craigslist.org

canetads.com

Free Classified Submission Sites with High DA

myadmonster.com

searchingurgaon.com

classifieds4free.biz

freewebads.us

nvnickel.com

youpost.org

indiae.in

secondsmall.com

adonview.com

freeadshome.com

bisell.in

clankart.com

eonlineads.com

goodlinksindia.com

adpiece.in

helpadya.com

oyedekh.com

4ufreeclassifiedads.com

pearlweb.in

adproceed.com

bestclassifiedsusa.com

dicker.in

ebackpage.com

helptobuynsell.in

postforads.com

eonlineads.com

1smartlist.com

classifiedwale.com

freeead.com

adbazzaar.com

searchcityclassifieds.com

sacdesi.com

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Local SEO Power: Grow Your Business in Your City!

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Local SEO Power: Grow Your Business in Your City!

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In today’s digital age, having a strong online presence is not just a luxury; it’s a necessity. For small businesses aiming to thrive in their local markets, local SEO (Search Engine Optimization) offers an unbeatable opportunity to connect with nearby customers. This article delves into what local SEO is, why it matters, and how you can harness its power With SEO. Get Premium seo Service From our specialist.

What Is Local SEO?

Local SEO is the process of optimizing your online presence to attract more business from relevant local searches. These searches occur on search engines like Google and often include location-specific keywords such as “near me” or the name of a city or neighborhood. For example, a customer searching for “best coffee shop in Brooklyn” is a prime candidate for businesses using local SEO effectively.

Why Local SEO Matters for Small Businesses

Here are some compelling reasons why local SEO is a game-changer for small businesses:

1. Increased Visibility When potential customers search for services or products in your area, appearing at the top of search results puts you in the spotlight.

2. Higher Conversion Rates Local searches often lead to action. According to research, 78% of mobile local searches result in an offline purchase within 24 hours.

3. Cost-Effective Marketing Compared to traditional advertising, local SEO provides a high return on investment by targeting customers already interested in your offerings.

4. Building Trust and Credibility Appearing in local search results and receiving positive reviews boosts your credibility and builds trust among your audience.

How to Optimize Your Business for Local SEO

1. Claim and Optimize Your Google Business Profile (GBP)

Google Business Profile (formerly Google My Business) is a cornerstone of local SEO.

Ensure your profile includes accurate business details such as name, address, phone number (NAP), website URL, hours of operation, and business categories.

Regularly update your profile with photos, posts, and special offers

2. Focus on Local Keywords

Use tools like Google Keyword Planner or SEMrush to find local keywords relevant to your business.

Incorporate these keywords naturally into your website’s content, meta descriptions, and headings. For instance, a bakery in Austin could use phrases like “Austin artisan bakery” or “fresh bread near me.”

3. Optimize for Mobile Devices

Many local searches are performed on mobile devices. Ensure your website is mobile-friendly, with fast load times and an intuitive layout.

4. Encourage and Manage Customer Reviews

Positive reviews significantly impact your local SEO rankings. Encourage satisfied customers to leave reviews on Google, Yelp, or industry-specific platforms.

Respond to all reviews — both positive and negative — to show you value customer feedback.

5. Create Local Content

Blog about local events, partnerships, or customer success stories.

Use your content to showcase your knowledge of the community and establish yourself as a local expert.

6. Ensure Consistent NAP Across Platforms

Your business’s name, address, and phone number should be consistent across your website, social media profiles, and local directories.

Inconsistencies can confuse search engines and potential customers.

7. Leverage Local Backlinks

Partner with local businesses, bloggers, or influencers to earn backlinks to your website.

Join local business associations and ensure your business is listed in reputable local directories.

8. Use Schema Markup

Add structured data (schema markup) to your website to help search engines understand your business better.

Include local schema markup for your address, business hours, and reviews.

Measuring Your Local SEO Success

To ensure your efforts are paying off, track these key metrics:

Local Search Rankings: Monitor your position in local search results for relevant keywords.

Website Traffic: Use tools like Google Analytics to see how much traffic you’re getting from local searches.

Customer Engagement: Track calls, messages, or form submissions originating from local searches.

Review Growth: Measure the number and quality of reviews you’re receiving over time.

Common Local SEO Mistakes to Avoid

1. Ignoring Negative Reviews: Unaddressed negative feedback can harm your reputation.

2. Keyword Stuffing: Overloading your content with keywords can make it look spammy and hurt your rankings.

3. Neglecting Your Website: A poorly maintained website can drive potential customers away.

4. Overlooking Social Media: Engaging with your local audience on social media platforms can enhance your visibility.

Conclusion

Affordable SEO services for small businesses. SEO is a powerful tool that can transform the way small businesses attract and retain customers.

By optimizing your online presence, focusing on local keywords, and engaging with your community, you can drive more traffic to your website and convert local searches into loyal customers.

Start implementing these strategies today, and watch your small business flourish in the local market.

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🎬Ultimate List of 200+ Free Video Submission Sites🚀 (High DA/PA 2025)

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🎬Ultimate List of 200+ Free Video Submission Sites🚀 (High DA/PA 2025)

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Are you taking decision about submitting your media on video submission sites? If yes, then it can become most effective strategy for SEO to earn backlink, and drive traffic. Other than, by using these submission websites; you can also build up better online visibility and credibility.

As you know, YouTube is a biggest player for video submission. But, instead of this, some other video submission sites are also available, which can give more benefits including lead generation, drive traffic, and more.

Mostly SEO and digital marketing professionals are uploading videos on several video submission site to create lead for own business. With doing this, even you will make quality backlink to their business websites.

What is Video Submission Sites for SEO?

Video submission sites are most effective off page strategy of SEO that allow earning well- establish link; when you post higher definition videos on them.

Video submission comes in the top list of digital marketing’s types. Don’t confuse! Several tools are available that help to make higher quality videos.

Mostly all webmasters and pro digital marketers give preference to post videos on those platforms. This is because, this method lets them to drive huge traffic and generate lead for their SEO business.

What Are Benefits of Video Submission Sites?

With posting videos on video submission sites; you can receive many advantages for your websites, including:

Improve Your Brand Visibility

Video submission play vital role to boost up online visibility of your business. This is because; when videos post on different video platforms, then you can attract various potential clients.

As your videos will rank on top position on those platforms, drive traffic on your website.

Better Search Engine Optimization

Now these days, Google and other search engines give the first preference of video base content. Therefore, by posting higher quality videos on high DA websites, webmaster can easily obtain trustable backlink. Gradually, overall search ranking will improve of website that making easy for users to reach by webmaster.

Drive Traffic and Good Engagement

When you post higher quality video content on most eminent video platforms, then viewer drive to your website by clicking link, who get impress videos. Other than, trending video encourages viewers to make interaction via likes, share, and comments.

Tips: Select Right Video Submission Websites

With following some points, you can reach right one video submission platform:

For getting a widely video content exposure, you should give preference large and active audience base.

Before going to submission, ensure video website better align along with targeted users.

Take review properly of their submission terms and conditions to toward upload process.

Make ensure that their DA and PA must be meeting higher that give positive impact your SEO parameters.

Other than, do analyze deeply about their traffic and engagement rates that video will get more reach among active viewers.

Avoid Common Pitfalls in Video Submission

To get maximize benefits; you must be ignore some common pitfalls, including:

Don’t Underestimate of Platform Guidelines

Keeping staying away from account penalize or content freeze issues, you should follow their guidelines properly. If you don’t apply this, then your video will not exposure at higher reach, even can be blocking.

Bad Quality of Video

By generating higher quality video, you can get attention of your present and return audience. This is because; worst quality content get bad impact on your brand image and degrade the online visibility.

Ignoring Video Optimization

Never forget to optimize the Meta Data, including Title, Description, and proper Tags. With doing this, you can increase the credibility and visibility on Google’s SERP. If you don’t implement SEO, then your content can’t get standing off reach for potential users.

Best Ways to Do Video Submission

To submit videos on video submission website is very easy, just follow some simple things. Below shown one by one, you can read out them:

1) Produce High Quality Video with Logo

First of all, your prime work is to craft a HD video that catches all viewers with their engagements. Next one; must be adding your brand logo on video that nobody misuse of uploaded content.

2) Register & Proper Make Account

Now, go to your targeted video submission website, and read their all guidelines. If you are ready to accept them, then create your account on it. Feed all mandatory information like as Username, Channel Name, Clear Description, and Add your link; if you have any website.

Top 200 Video Submission Sites

youtube.com

facebook.com

linkedin.com

dailymotion.com

vimeo.com

mediafire.com

myspace.com

archive.org

twitter.com

instagram.com

twitch.tv

photobucket.com

4shared.com

twitch.tv

veoh.com

flickr.com

articles.submityourarticle.com

selfseo.com

articlecube.com

work911.com

bpubs.com

articlerich.com

top7business.com

articles.pubarticles.com

triond.com

articles.org

articlebiz.com

articlealley.com

articlesnatch.com

blogsome.com

ideamarketers.com

infobarrel.com

highrankdirectory.com

web-source.net

magportal.com

marketinginternetdirectory.com

businessseek.biz

bukisa.com

webproworld.com

storeboard.com

allthewebsites.org

readezarchive

articleant.com

thetexasjobsource.com

articlepdq.com

ezine-articles-planet.com

pr4-articles.com

articlet.com

adarticles.net

articlemonkeys.com

qwesz.com

articlecatalog.com

openarticles.com

articleswrap.com

yesarticles.com

gruks.com

articleside.com

postarticles.com

directory.r-tt.com

inspire.com

usalistingdirectory.com

apsense.com

evancarmichael.com

articledashboard.com

prleap.com

articlesfactory.com

isnare.com

pusha.se

sitepromotiondirectory.com

articlecity.com

bubblews.com

cgidir.com

rlrouse.com

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🚀Top Free SEO Plugins for WordPress to Skyrocket Your Website Traffic🚀

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🚀Top Free SEO Plugins for WordPress to Skyrocket Your Website Traffic🚀

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WordPress is a famous platform, and it works as content management system. If you are designed your website by this platform then you can use numerous best free SEO plugins for WordPress that help to grow the web traffic for your website.

How to Select Best WordPress SEO Plugins

If, you want to use any SEO plugin then ensure those plugins have not implemented unwanted CSS and JavaScript entities because due to them your website’s loading time can increased, and it is a bad factor for SEO point of views.

Always choose such plugins that have multiple SEO features. If you use the more plugins for different features then your website lose the reliability.

Plugin document is very important factor because it provides the assistance to all users that how to work it properly. So always such plugin must be used that provide excellent documentation in the form of video guide or articles with info graphic. In these documentation, provides the clear instructions that how to install, update, and configure.

Every better SEO plugins must have excellent customer support. WordPress has numerous free plugins in their repository along with their support forum. If, you get any problem due to use them can take online support via forum support.

Every SEO WordPress plugins have reviews and rating that are earned by the users who are using them. So we can decide that which plugins are better according to their reviews and rating.

Ensure, your activated plugins are updated frequently, and they must be compatible with your installed latest WordPress version. If, your selected plugins are not updated time to time then it can be very harmful for your website because your website can be hacked.

SEO plugins must be compatible with other using plugins because both are not compatible each other then WordPress’s screen can death, and destroy your website as well.

List Free SEO Plugins for WordPress

Yoast Plugin

All in One SEO Pack

SEO Press

Rank Math

All in One Schema Rich Snippets

MonsterInsights

WP Rocket

SEO Framework

Easy Table of Contents

WordLift

Rel NoFollow Checkbox

Broken Link checker

Smush Image Compression

Redirection

NavXT Breadcrumbs

SEO Squirrly

Yoast Plugin

In the market, Yoast SEO plugin has more demand because it provides the totally website optimization for boosting your website in the SERP (Search Engine Result Page).

Yoast plugin offers the best feature for adding the Meta Title and Meta Description to every posts as well as pages. It also lets you easily use the Open Graph Metadata in your blog posts.

When you activate the Yoast Plugin then XML Sitemap created automatically for your website because Sitemap is very important for crawling your website by different search engines, it delivers the all SEO data to search engines for indexing in search engine’s database.

Download Free Yoast Plugin

All in One SEO Pack

All in One SEO Pack is also most famous plugin in the SEO market. It is best alternative to Yoast Plugin.

It also offers to add easily Meta Tags (Title and Description), Open graph Meta tags, XML sitemaps etc.

If you use its premium plan then it allows other more features for optimization your website.

Download Here

SEO Press

SEOPress is also best WordPress plugin for growing your website in SERP. It also provides all features such as Meta Tags (Title and Description), Open graph Meta tags, XML sitemaps, and more.

Its interface is very simple. Everyone can use it after taking some training of SEOPress.

SEOPress has premium plan very cheap to Yoast and All in One SEO Pack with including all similar features of them.

Click Here for Download

Rank Math

Rank Math plugin is designed as user friendly and it also offer you for adding the Meta tags, Open Graph tags for growing your articles.

It helps to create XML sitemap for delivering the all SEO data to search engines, and it assistances for mapping between the website and Google Search Console.

Free Download

All in One Schema Rich Snippets

Rich Snippets offers numerous schema contents such as reviews, events, people, products, recipes, software apps, videos, and articles.

All search engines grab all snippets data from your website, and that data displays in SERP with your website such as displaying star rating with reviews, prices with product, and more.

This SEO plugin works properly along with existing other SEO plugins.

Free Plugin, Click Here for Download

MonsterInsights

MonsterInsights is best option for improving the website’s SEO strategy as well as marketing decisions.

This tool allows the Google Analytic plugin for your WordPress website. It has very simple methods to install the Google Analytic in WordPress, and it displays the overall report of your website in the WordPress dashboard, no need to use external Google Analytic.

MonsterInsight plugin helps to track all information that how many users are coming from where and where they exit. It also helps to provide information related to Woo Commerce SEO such as how many products are getting more popularity, and which are getting loss.

Free Download

WP Rocket

Site speed plays vital role for improving your website in the search engine result page. With using WP Rocket plugin, you can boost your website in few times without hiring any technical staff.

Click Here for Download

SEO Framework

The SEO Framework is best alternative to Yoast and All in One SEO Pack plugins because it has more functionality to other SEO plugins, and it is very lightweight plugin as well.

Download Here

Easy Table of Contents

Google gives the first priority to spitted long content into small subheading instead of long paragraph.

This plugin allows to adding the content into table form to your articles and pages as well because it makes them for navigation in simple ways.

Your content is divided into specific topic now users can read information as per need instead of entire post, and due to it increase CTR, time on page. It helps to decrease the bounce rate, pogo sticking, and dwell time as well.

Free Download

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The process life cycle in operating system is a sequence of states that a process goes through from its creation to its termination. The following are the typical states of a process in a modern operating system:

1. New: This is the initial state of a process when it is first created by the operating system.

2. Ready: After a process is created, it moves to the ready state. In this state, the process is waiting to be allocated CPU time by the operating system.

3. Running: When the operating system allocates CPU time to a process, it moves into the running state. In this state, the process is actively executing instructions.

4. Blocked: A process may need to wait for a certain event, such as the completion of an input/output operation, before it can proceed. In this case, the process moves to the blocked state.

5. Terminated: A process may terminate when it completes its execution or when it is terminated by the operating system.

6. Zombie: After a process is terminated, it may still have some data associated with it that needs to be cleaned up by the operating system. In this state, the process is called a zombie process.

The operating system manages the process life cycle by moving processes between these states as required. The goal is to maximize the utilization of CPU resources while ensuring that each process is executed fairly and efficiently.

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Hi Learner! Today, in this tutorial we are going to explain process life cycle in operating system with diagram in detail without any hindrance.

Introduction to Process in OS

A process refers to a program that is currently being executed. The concept of a process is central to the functioning of an operating system, as it allows the system to manage the execution of multiple programs simultaneously.

When a program is executed, the operating system creates a process for it, which includes a unique process identifier (PID), memory space, and other resources required for its execution. The OS also assigns a priority to each process, which determines the order in which they are executed.

The operating system uses various scheduling algorithms to manage the execution of processes, such as round-robin scheduling, priority scheduling, and multi-level feedback queue scheduling. These algorithms ensure that each process is given a fair share of CPU time and that the system remains responsive.

Processes can also communicate with each other through inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms, such as pipes, message queues, and shared memory. This allows processes to exchange data and coordinate their activities.

A Process Control Block (PCB) is a data structure used by an operating system to store information about a that is currently executing. Each process in an operating system has its own PCB.

The PCB contains various pieces of information about the process, including:

The PCB is managed by the operating system's scheduler, which uses the information in the PCB to decide which process should be executed next, and when to switch between processes. When a process is suspended, its PCB is saved to memory so that it can be later restored when the process is resumed.

Hence, the PCB is a critical component of an operating system's process management system, providing a way for the to manage and track the execution of multiple processes simultaneously.

What is the Process Life Cycle in OS?

The process life cycle in an operating system refers to the different states that a process goes through during its execution. The process life cycle can be divided into five main states:

List of the Process States

When a process is in the ready state, it is typically waiting in a queue of other processes that are also ready to execute. The operating system's scheduler determines which process should be executed next based on a variety of factors such as priority, available resources, and scheduling algorithms.

Once the operating system's scheduler selects a process from the ready queue, the process moves to the running state, in which it is actually executing on a .

Waiting State: The waiting state, also known as the blocked state, is a state in which a process is not currently able to run, either because it is waiting for some event to occur, or because it has been suspended by the operating system. When a process enters the waiting state, it is removed from the CPU's queue of running processes and moved to a queue of waiting processes.

While in the waiting state, the process remains inactive until the event it is waiting for occurs. Once the event occurs, the process is moved back to the ready state, where it can be scheduled for execution by the operating system.

Once a process has entered the terminated state, it can no longer be scheduled for execution by the operating system. However, the process's exit status (a value that indicates whether the process terminated successfully or not) can be obtained by the parent process using system calls.

The terminated state can occur for a process in several ways, including:

In any case, once a process has entered the terminated state, it has completed its life cycle in the operating system.

Whenever the user try to execute a process, then it will go via many phases before going to termination state. But, these phases can vary from OS to operating system. There are some common process lifecycles like as two, five, and seven states model.

The Two-State Model is a common model used to describe the life cycle of a process in an operating system. In this model, a process can be in one of two states: the running state or the waiting state.

When a process is created, it starts in the waiting state. The operating system then schedules the process to run on a CPU, and it transitions to the running state. While the process is running, it can use CPU resources to execute its instructions.

If the process encounters an I/O operation or other event that requires it to wait, it transitions back to the waiting state. The operating system then schedules other processes to run on the CPU until the waiting process can continue executing.

This cycle of transitioning between the running and waiting states continues until the process completes its task and is terminated by the operating system.

The Two-State Model is a simplified representation of the process life cycle, and many operating systems use more complex models that include additional states, such as the suspended state or the blocked state. However, the Two-State Model provides a useful framework for understanding the basic behavior of processes in an operating system.

The Five-State Model is a process life cycle model used in operating systems. It is also known as the Five-State Process Model and was first introduced by David D. Clark in his 1973 paper "The Structure of the Multics Supervisor".

The Five-State Model defines the different states that a process can be in during its lifetime in an operating system. These states are:

The transitions between these states are controlled by the operating system scheduler. When a process is created, it enters the New state, and then moves to the Ready state when it is ready to be executed. The scheduler then assigns a CPU to the process, and it enters the Running state. When a process is blocked, it moves to the Blocked state and waits for the resource it needs to become available. Finally, when a process completes its execution, it moves to the Terminated state.

The Seven-State Model of the process life cycle in an operating system (OS) is a commonly used model to describe the different states that a process can be in during its execution. The seven states are as follows:

Running: When the OS assigns a processor to a process, it moves into the running state. In this state, the process is actively executing instructions on the processor.

The Seven-State Model is a useful tool for understanding the behaviour of processes in an operating system and for designing efficient process scheduling algorithms.

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Process Life Cycle in Operating System | Process State in OS

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Hi Learner! Today, in this tutorial we are going to explain process life cycle in operating system with diagram in detail without any hindrance. A process refers to a program that is currently being executed. The concept of a process is central to the functioning of an operating system, as it allows the system to manage the execution of multiple programs simultaneously.