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2:00-2:05pm Announcements
2:05-2:45pm Core terms. What do the following mean to us, given our readings this week?
a) Information
b) Communication
c) Context
d) Information Behaviour, Information Seeking Behaviour
2:45-3:00pm Coffee!!!
3:00pm-3:40pm Using concepts to explore and understand our information worlds...
a) Why do we need to understand our information behaviour?
b) What assumptions come into play as we navigate information?
c) How does context influence us?
d) What other factors influence us?
3:40-3:45pm Wrap up

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Nigel Ford - Introduction to Information Behaviour 

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Nigel Ford - Introduction to Information Behaviour 

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Information is the raw material of knowledge: used effectively it can lead to wisdom.

Information rich does not equal knowledge rich

Information = nutrition for the mind

Information is available to anyone but you have to be willing to receive it

-          Information behaviour may be observed not only at individual level, but also as people work in interaction with others at the levels of groups, organizations and communities

-          information-based interactions take place not only between people but also between people and non-human artefacts and forces

-          information behaviour can be a distributed activity – i.e., it may be more than the sum of the activities of the individuals making up a group or community.

-          Behaviour is deﬁned broadly as some response to a stimulus. It includes thoughts as well as actions. Thus perceiving that one has a problem requiring information is as much behaviour as doing something about it (e.g., information seeking).

-          Information is the subject of many complex deﬁnitions in the literature (see, for example, Case (2012) and Floridi (2010)). However, within the context of this book it is simply deﬁned (Kitchin, 2014) as a meaningful pattern of stimuli which can be converted into knowledge (see below).

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Wilson, T. D. - Exploring information behaviour: An  introduction

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Wilson, T. D. - Exploring information behaviour: An  introduction

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When we receive information orally from another person, we are receiving a modulated signal in the form of the other person’s speech and, assuming that we both speak the same language, we are able to decode the signal and understand what is said. Words on a printed page, or on a screen, reach our eyes as modulated signals and, again, must be decoded by the brain, so that the meaning of the words is recognized and understood.

Even during the stone age we had information

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Lin, N. - Social capital: A theory of social structure and action

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Lin, N. - Social capital: A theory of social structure and action

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Social capital made through social interactions

Very important can allow somebody to find a job, people are ready to recommend you

I find the theory of social capital really interesting. It exists for sure, one good example is Linkedin, the more connections you have the easier it is to find a job or anything. You’re colleagues and bosses can recommend you and say that you are able to do this and that. But, you need to have a good social capital already. Or at least to allow yourself to expand it. Social media made us realize how much impact you can have when you have a social capital or you create it.

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Chatman, E. A - A theory of life in the round

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Chatman, E. A - A theory of life in the round

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I was quite surprised by the prison's inmates article. I was surprised to know that some inmates feel safe in the prison, that for some prison becomes their whole world they don't really think about the life outside and how it is going to be once they get out. It's also sad to know they don't get rewarded for good behavior. They only get information through other inmates who might have heard something. I was shocked to know that there are no legal books available in prisons anymore because they might discover that they're sentence is excessive, they should have a right to this type of information.

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Fulton, C - Urban exploration: Secrecy and information creation and sharing in a hobby context

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Fulton, C - Urban exploration: Secrecy and information creation and sharing in a hobby context

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Urban Exploration is the exploration and photography of abandoned buildings or infrastructures.

It is shared on social media, blogs…

People doing that are not the young generation, these ones are just consuming it.

The article about urban exploration was really interesting! I never saw urban exploration in that way I always saw it as a way to have a rush because you're doing something illegal. I never thought it could help preserve some sites or help them being rediscovered by the public or the authorities. "Take only photographs, leave only footprints" shows the respect the urban explorers usually have for the places they visit. Their goal is only to discover not to disturb.

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Tiidenberg, K - Ethics in digital research

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Tiidenberg, K - Ethics in digital research

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The Tiidenberg reading was quite interesting. It is essential to ask yourself if the way you plan to do your research is ethical. Social media have definitely made it harder. The limit between what is ethical and what is not is now blurred. Social media companies are using this blurred zone to collect as much data on us as they can. There has been a lot of issue concerning the anonymity in research studies. Today, you can find videos of many experiences performed decades ago such as the Stanford prison experimen. None of the faces are blurred by the camera you can clearly see who they are. These people probably asked to stay anonymous especially considering how far the experiment went. Yet, if you really wanted to. You could still found out today, who these people were. It wasn't that ethical on the part of the researchers to make these videos available for the world to see.

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The mechanism of FILTER BUBBLE reinforces the user’s worldview are correct and the views of others at best mistaken and at worst malevolent: in what cases this is particularly evident?

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The mechanism of FILTER BUBBLE reinforces the user’s worldview are correct and the views of others at best mistaken and at worst malevolent: in what cases this is particularly evident?

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I wanted to respond to Beatrice question concerning the filter bubble. The best example to me was during the Presidential election between Clinton and Trump. When people supporting Clinton were persuaded she was going to win since all they were seeing on social media were celebrities supporting her, people asking to vote for her etc You can see it on literally any social media. I'm really interested in the fight against climate change, so, I follow a lot of people on Linkedin that are concerned as well or are trying to find solutions, denouncing greenwashing of certain companies. That is all I see on it which could make me think that everybody is concerned with it. But, we know it is not the case and sometimes I would love to see the other side. What would a person's Linkedin that does not believe climate change exists would look like.
Anyway this filter bubble exists and it is sad to not see everyone's opinion but just the one that we agree with. It does not help with our critical thinking!

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Baker, L. M - The information needs of female police officers involved in undercover prostitution work

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Baker, L. M - The information needs of female police officers involved in undercover prostitution work

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I read the paper on the police officers. It was really interesting to discover that a vice police exists. I had no idea it did. I was impressed at how organised the unit is, to find the information they want and arrest the right people.

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Sonnenwald, D.H - Challenges in sharing information effectively: Examples from command and control

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Sonnenwald, D.H - Challenges in sharing information effectively: Examples from command and control

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Reading the article on the challenges in sharing information was illuminating. Sharing information to co-workers can sometimes be complicated in the first place, but with highly stressful jobs it's even worse.
You have to be really concise in a short amount of time and make sure to be understandable by using simple words and key words.

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BBC News London - Flying with London's air ambulance

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BBC News London - Flying with London's air ambulance

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I just watched the BBC video on the air ambulance. I always knew that the people doing this kind of job have to be driven. To be calm and efficient in these kind of situations. You see them flying in the sky, with the colors you can guess what the helicopter's purpose is. I always wonder "what was the emergency this time?" "Is the person injured going to make it?" I find it appalling that the air ambulance only works thanks to donations. It is an essential part of the hospital that allow to save many lives each day.

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Chauvin, C., Morel, G., & Tirilly, G. (2010). The use of information and communication technology in the sea fishing industry. 

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Chauvin, C., Morel, G., & Tirilly, G. (2010). The use of information and communication technology in the sea fishing industry. 

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I wasn't surprised to learn that to this day people being a fisherman is really dangerous. The sea is an extremely unpredictable element which makes it perilous. It was unexpected for me to learn that they had a certain type of communication device that is mandatory especially in France. But, I totally agree with that regulation, it was probably put in place to try and avoid boats being lost at sea. It is a great way to make sure that a ship can always be found by someone. It was interesting to know that in reality they usually don't have access to simple means of communication such as emails. It makes it harder to interact with their family and the shipping company.

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I went to the National Gallery of Ireland. It is a free museum in the centre of Dublin. I'm doing my observation for the report in this place as well. I was quite confused the first time I went there, they don't give you a ticket or anything you can just enter freely and start roaming the halls. They do have an information desk at the entrance to assist you with anything. They have a large screen at the entrance to show the exhibitions of the moment and the next ones coming. You can also take a map wiht you in any language you want to find your way (it is very useful). There is absolutely no information on an audioguide anywhere even though it is a possibility. Considering the number of people coming in the gallery I think they do a pretty good job at communicating.

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Harré, R. - Positioning theory: Moral dimensions of social-cultural psychology.

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Harré, R. - Positioning theory: Moral dimensions of social-cultural psychology.

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I read Harre's chapter on the positionning theory. And I totally agree with @Sara Dada! It was a particularly hard article to comprehend. Probably because I never studied any psychology. But I did understood the perception of 'right and duties'. It is a really important concept that can be taken for granted sometimes, some people still confuse both. In France, we talk a lot about it from a young age so that both meanings can be clear quite early.

more_vertical

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WIRED - Former FBI agent explains how to read body language.

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WIRED - Former FBI agent explains how to read body language.

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This video was really interesting to me. I already knew about body language. I find it fascinating, without realizing it our body gives others information about our feelings. I also saw the TV show "Lie to Me" like other classmates. Before I watched it I never realized, that our bodies had a similar language. Except for the face expressions. Otherwise I didn't know that. I think it's a real science that must be so interesting to learn. It made me wonder why we use torture instead of that science to detect lies from potential threats. As the FBI agent said, they usually confessed without any threat.

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Granovetter, M. S. The strength of week ties.

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Granovetter, M. S. The strength of week ties.

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This was a really interesting reading that still resonates today. It is a word in itself now "networking". We know its importance and sometimes schools especially business ones work only on that to attract students. People would go into the school not to learn a lot of things but to meet people that might help in their career later on. There are some jobs where it is almost impossible to find an opening except if you know the right people. LinkedIn is a perfect example of a place now where it is essential to have a big network in order to find a job more easily.

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Sorry I'm late as well this week! The discussion was really interesting! The article that I found in relations to journalism seemed a bit off-topic but it actually helps me respond to your first question! @Andrea Song The journalists have a very important role to inform citizens in the best way that they can. Ever since this job appeared, it has evolved, but the digital age was definitely the one that made them change the most their profession. They had to learn to use social media, to create content that could attract users with audio, photo, video. But what has never change even today is gatekeeping, they still decide which subject is relevant. Of course with all the news outlet, you can find the information anyway. They still have the possibility to create and write it in the angle they want. Even the digital age hasn't changed that which is a good thing! We can find a same article with different point of views and details. It allows us to have a diversity of information. Here is the article I read: https://doi.org/10.1017/s002238161100171x

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Hey I'm sorry about being so late! I thought we had an asynchronous week again...
Here is my model, I was inspired by this reading
Carrington, M. J., Neville, B. A., & Whitwell, G. J. (2010). Why Ethical Consumers Don’t Walk Their Talk: Towards a Framework for Understanding the Gap Between the Ethical Purchase Intentions and Actual Buying Behaviour of Ethically Minded Consumers. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(1), 139–158. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40929378

This reading talks about how some of us decide whether or not to buy a product because of our principles. We check that the product is ecological, organic or ethical. They mention that some consumers have that in their mind before buying a product but it hasn't changed their behavior much. But, I think sometimes it is also because we don't have the alternative available to us easily. I do agree with the fact that some people will just buy the thing in front of them because it is easier and think "this product is not ecological but I'm a vegetarian on the side so it's fine". But, they are still some products today where there is no alternatives. I know that in my case it is in my mind all the time. I sometimes spend hours in a store to decide which product is more ecological and if it's not do I really need it.