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A Sudanese "healer", also known as practitioners zar, talasim and kogour.

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Traditional medicine in Sudanese culture 

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Traditional medicine in Sudanese culture 

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In Sudanese culture, many herbal medications are practiced; this can date back to the ancient civilizations in Sudan. To focus on one traditional medicine specifically, the plant "seyal Del," also known as Al-Tahlih in Sudan, is the stem from a plant that you can either smoke or decoction to help against jaundice, rheumatic pain, and also a mouth detergent. (Kuhnert & Karar et al., 2017)

Kuhnert, N., & Karar, M. (2017). Herbal Drugs from Sudan: Traditional Uses and Phytoconstituents. National Library of Medicine, 11(22), 83-103.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5628527/

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Traditional medicine in Sudanese culture

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I believe the most significant attribute you can bring to nursing is competency standard 1.2, which outlines “that clinicians consider refugee-like experiences, including traumatic stress disorder, during assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and ongoing care.” (Abbasova & Sarafian, 2019). Having learned this, I realized that I don’t always practice this in everyday life. With my new understanding, it will be an essential part of my nursing career to always incorporate this standard. I did not have this knowledge before, and I still have more learning to do about all standards. Initially, before this reflection, I thought I had an open mind, but I never considered past traumas and how they could affect treatment or diagnosis. This is perhaps due to my lack of education about refugees, and I will maintain learning and understanding to benefit my patients.

Abbasova, G., & Sarafian, C. (2019). Culturally Responsive Clinical Practice: Working with People from Migrant and Refugee Backgrounds. Migrant and Refugee Women's Health Partnership

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Social inclusion and non-discrimination. 

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Social inclusion and non-discrimination. 

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Social inclusion improves how individuals and groups live in today’s society, which widens opportunities and dignity (The World Bank, 2023). Non-discrimination advocates that no one is denied their rights because where they come from, skin colour, religion (Attorney-General’s Department, n.d.).

Non-discrimination is within the Australian law “The Racial Discrimination Act 1975” (Australian Human Rights Commission, n.d.). Ensures that employment is fair, and no refugee will be overlooked; with employment comes healthcare benefits, being in the financial bracket to afford good health care, whilst being able to pay for health insurance. The outcomes of these health benefits are treating chronic health conditions, updates on immunisation, general check-ups that allow bulk billing with health insurance (UNHCR, 2019). Refugees are eligible for free counselling sessions that promote physical and mental health (ASeTTs, n.d.).

World Bank. (2023). Social inclusion. https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/social-inclusion

Australian Government. (n.d.). Human rights and anti-discrimination. https://www.ag.gov.au/rights-and-protections/human-rights-and-anti-discrimination

Australian Human Rights Commission. (n.d.). Racial discrimination. https://humanrights.gov.au/our-work/employers/racial-discrimination

UNHCR. (2019). Access to healthcare. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees. https://www.unhcr.org/au/what-we-do/safeguard-human-rights/public-health/access-healthcare

ASETTS. (n.d.). Counselling services. https://asetts.org.au/our-services/counselling/

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Malaria poses a significant threat to Sudanese refugees in Australia, with 56% suffering from the disease in 2020 and 61% dying from the disease. The disease, transmitted through an anopheles mosquito, causes fever, chills, headaches, fatigue, body aches, vomiting, and diarrhea. Treatment involves antimalarial drugs like artemether and artesunate, while prevention involves mosquito repellent, baggy clothing, and the RTS, S/AS01 vaccine for children.

World Health Organization. (2022, April 25). WHO congratulates Sudan on adopting the high burden to high impact approach. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news/item/25-04-2022-who-congratulates-sudan-on-adopting-the-high-burden-to-high-impact-approach

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2024, March 12). Malaria: About malaria. U.S. Department of Health & Human Services.

https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/about/index.html

Cleveland Clinic. (2023, January 26). Malaria. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/15014-malaria

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It is very normalized within the Sudanese culture of communal eating, meaning preparing food for neighbours, friends and extended family. Sudan's "national dish" is called "Ful Medames", pronounced Full Me-da-mes. Ful Medames is seasoned mashed fava beans topped with raw vegetables (Mogga, 2018). It is a simple dish yet a staple, to learn how to cook follow the link below.

Mogga, N. (2018). Ful Medames Sudanese Fava Beans. Taste of South Sudan.

https://tasteofsouthsudan.com/recipes/breakfast/ful-medames-sudanese-fava-beans/

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In Sudan “Zar” is a traditional ceremony often lead by a female (Sheika) who performs the “ritual” to purify the soul of the possessed ( Grotberg, 2008). During the Zar the Sheika offers nuts and dried fruits under an altar, she will also dance and burn incenses to rid of the “evil spirit”, usually lasting between three days to a week.

Grotberg, E. H. (2008, October 18). Mental Health Aspects of Zar for Women in Sudan. Women & Therapy, 10(3), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1300/J015v10n03_02

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Traditionally in Sudan, all women would wear a “toob,” which covers their hair by wrapping it around the body and head, but as times have changed, younger Sudanese females have stopped wearing a toob, and it is more common to see a toob when a female is married or on special occasions (Planet Jawal, 2020). For men, a jalabiya is still the most common traditional clothing; it is a white, long, loose-fitting dress that is worn for everyday life (Planet Jawal, 2020).

Planet Jawal. (2020, December). Sudanese traditional clothing. https://www.planetjawal.com/sudanese-traditional-clothing/