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The first mode of transportation was created in the effort to traverse water: boats. Those who colonized Australia roughly 60,000–40,000 years ago have been credited as the first people to cross the sea.

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The earliest known boats were simple log boats, made by hollowing out a tree trunk

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Humans domesticated horses to get around and transport goods. Changes in muscular and cognitive function suggest that domestication took place around 4000 BCE. Changes in teeth records, butchering activities, and changes in settlement patterns also support this.

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Around this time, wheels were invented. Archaeological records show that the first wheeled vehicles were in use around 3500 BCE in ancient Mesopotamia and Central Europe

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At the same time, Ancient Egypt, Ancient Sumer, the Indus Valley, and Mesopotamia began using river boats to trade with each other.

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The steam engine was made and boats were the first to take advantage of it. Clauffe de Jouffroy made the world's first steamship the "Pyroscaphe" but there was not enough interest to make further development.

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A Frenchman named Nicolas Joseph Cugnot attempted to adapt steam engine technology to a road vehicle—the result was the invention of the first automobile. However, the heavy engine added so much weight to the vehicle that it wasn't practical. It had a top speed of 2.5 mph

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Developed in 1867, the two-wheeled steam-powered bicycle called the "Roper Steam Velocipede" is considered by many historians to be the world's first motorcycle

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In 1801, British inventor Richard Trevithick unveiled the world’s first road locomotive—called the “Puffing Devil”—and used it to give six passengers a ride to a nearby village. It was three years later that Trevithick first demonstrated a locomotive that ran on rails, and another one that hauled 10 tons of iron to the community of Penydarren, Wales, to a small village called Abercynon.

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American Robert Fulton made a steamship called the Clemont which completed a 150-mile trip from New York City to Albany that took 32 hours, with the average speed clocking in at about five miles per hour. Within a few years, Fulton and company would offer regular passenger and freight service between New Orleans, Louisiana, and Natchez, Mississippi.

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By 1824, Stephenson improved the efficiency of his locomotive designs to where he was commissioned by the Stockton and Darlington Railway to build the first steam locomotive to carry passengers on a public rail line, the aptly named "Locomotion No. 1."

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Stephenson opens the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, which was the first public inner-city railway line serviced by steam locomotives.

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Finally, in 1888, the Spanish Navy launched the "Peral," the first electric, battery-powered submarine, which also so happened to be the first fully capable military submarine. Built by a Spanish engineer and sailor named Isaac "Peral", it was equipped with a torpedo tube, two torpedoes, an air regeneration system, and the first fully reliable underwater navigation system, and it posted an underwater speed of 3.5 miles per hour.

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The launch of the hand-powered, egg-shaped "Turtle" in 1776, was the first military submarine used in combat. The French Navy submarine "Plongeur," the first mechanically powered submarine. These were all important milestones in the launch of the submarine.

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Orville and Wilbur Wright,pulled off the first official powered flight in 1903. In essence, they invented the world’s first airplane. Transport via aircraft took off from there with airplanes being put into service within a few short years during World War I.

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Around the same time that the Wright brothers were taking flight, French inventor Paul Cornu started developing a rotorcraft. And on November 13, 1907, his "Cornu" helicopter,made of little more than some tubing, an engine, and rotary wings, achieved a lift height of about one foot while staying airborne for about 20 seconds. With that, Cornu would lay claim to having piloted the first helicopter flight

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In 1919, British aviators John Alcock and Arthur Brown completed the first transatlantic flight, crossing from Canada to Ireland. The same year, passengers were able to fly internationally for the first time.

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The Soviet Union surprised much of the western world in 1957 with its successful launch of Sputnik, the first satellite to reach outer space. Four years later, the Russians followed that by sending the first human, pilot Yuri Gagarin, into outer space aboard the Vostok 1.

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On July 20, 1969, the lunar module of the Apollo spacecraft, carrying astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin, touched down on the surface of the moon. The event, which was broadcast on live TV to the rest of the world, allowed millions to witness the moment Armstrong became the first man to ever step foot on the moon