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“Too long have we been silent under unjust and unholy charges; we cannot expect to have them removed until we disprove them through ourselves.” (https://www.azquotes.com/author/24470-Josephine_St_Pierre_Ruffin)

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An African American leader from New England who was a suffragist, fought slavery, and founded and edited a magazine, The Woman's Era, along with her daughter, Florida R. Ridley. Josephine Ruffin is best known for her central role in starting and sustaining the role of clubs for African American women.

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"“No group of men should have the power to say who should or who should not exercise the rights of freedom. The suffrage question is like so many other questions—no question at all if faced in its nakedness.” (https://hiddenbrookline.weebly.com/florida-ruffin-ridley)

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Florida Ruffin Ridley was an African-American civil rights activist, suffragist, teacher, writer, and editor from Boston, Massachusetts. She was one of the first black public schoolteachers in Boston, and edited The Woman's Era, the country's first newspaper published by and for African American women.

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“Halls Which are Everywhere Denied Us” Opening Discussion Questions

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“Halls Which are Everywhere Denied Us” Opening Discussion Questions

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1. Everything can be viewed through a rhetorical lense, in which this also includes the title of a book, article, or a general source. Upon reading the title “Halls Which are Everywhere Denied Us,” how did you first interpret it? Did your interpretation of the title change after reading the article?

2. What was so significant about The Woman’s Era for African American women during the 19th century?

3. What is the significance of the binary that Propper makes of the term “public”? (Figuratively/Literally) How does this convey her analysis about the notion of public spaces during this time?
(pg. 170)

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Terminology that held significance in the public discourse:

1. Public Spaces

2. Public Environment

3. Public Spheres

4. Public Opinion

5. Public Good

Keep in mind the driving quote, “In tracking the periodical’s usage of such terminology, we can trace how this periodical sought to expose and critique the racial and structural hierarchies inflecting our public spaces.” (p. 168)

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This Figjam was used as a tool to break down each term to emphasize its significance to the public discourse during this time. 5 groups were tasked with the 5 terms to search for evidence/Quotes regarding their given word.

Discussion Questions:

1. How do these terms racialize and challenge the public discourse? Find quotes/evidence etc to support.

2. In what ways did The Woman’s Era promote a shift in the “public” with these terms?

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In the 1890s, African American women led by Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin created the Women’s Era Club in Boston. This video clip was to highlight the women's achievements while also introducing the historical context as a foundation for the presentation.

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Black Women's Clubs Fought for Voting Rights

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The first national African American women newspaper

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Published by and for black women in the United States. Originally established as a monthly Boston newspaper, it became distributed nationally in 1894 and ran until January 1897, with Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin as editor and publisher.

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Kater's presentation stems from Chapter 6 of Unsettling Archival Research

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This video opens with a memorial for AIDS victims held in Washington, D.C. on October 11, 1987. Their family and friends gathered for the unveiling of the AIDS memorial quilt that remembered their loved ones with dignity.

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1987: AIDS Memorial Quilt Displayed in Washington DC

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Dorothy Bolden was inspired to join the Civil Rights Movement by advocating for better working conditions. Her work helped highlight the voices of voters, particularly Black women, represented by labor unions.

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Dorothy Bolden: Unionizing Domestic Workers

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This slide provides further context for the AIDS Memorial Quilt and Dorothy Bolden videos, including the larger movements these people and events inspired as well as background information on their formation.

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The readings were connected to overarching concepts in feminist rhetorical studies, which are paraphrased below.

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Community social justice work is a key component of interdisciplinary scholarship in conjunction with archival work and humanities. This work is also informed by pedagogical scholarship.

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The class answered the following questions in small groups, then shared their answers with the class.

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1. Relating it back to Shapland's Carson McCullers: This chapter claims that social justice naturally aligns archival work. Now that we have read through Shapland's piece, are there instances where this connectedness with social justice and her archival work occur?

2. Connectedness of Social Justice: In the text, they claim that "archivists within and beyond those institutions [are] working to equitably and ethically preserve social justice movements as they occur are doing activist work" (Pg. 100). Beyond the reading's examples, are there other activist movements or archives that are intertwined with each other?

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This quote at the end of Kater's presentation connected the ethics of feminist rhetorical archivist research to the concepts of social justice work from Unsettling Archival Research.

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Class began with opening the floor to students to ask any outstanding questions about future assignment. The questions revolved mostly around the keyword rationale project, which prompted an in-depth explanation of it. This is not the seminar project, but a separate, independent project where students break down the rationale into digestible information and clarify their keyword.

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Class will not be held traditionally in the classroom the week after next. Instead, we will schedule one-on-one conferences to discuss our own, independent work.

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To further explore the use of ChatGPT as a tool, students were recommended (but not required) to prompt the software to edit a paragraph from their rhetorical analysis essays. Using the dialogue techniques we discussed in class prior, the task was to direct ChatGPT to generate feedback and/or a revised paragraph from the original. For those students who chose to consult ChatGPT, they were asked to write a reflection about their experience with seeking revision advice from ChatGPT.