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Neurotransmitter-related disorders and treatment - Cells of the nervous system, neurotransmitters at synapses - Higher Human Biology Revision - BBC Bitesize

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Revise cells of the nervous system and neurotransmitters at synapses with this BBC Bitesize Scotland Higher Human Biology guide to the SQA course.

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divisions of the nervous system and neural pathways

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Synaptic transmission I The Synapse I How Neurons Communicate

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Overview of the Peripheral Nervous System

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Overview of the Central Nervous System (CNS)

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Sensory Neurons & Motor Neurons I Nervous System I Afferent vs Efferent

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What are the three main functions of the central nervous system?

Receive sensory information.

Process the information it receives (integration).

Respond with motor output.

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Nervous system - Divisions of the nervous system and neural pathways - Higher Human Biology Revision - BBC Bitesize

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For Higher Human Biology, study how the nervous system enables humans to react to their surroundings and to coordinate their behaviour.

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* Where two neurons meet there is a small gap called a synapse. The plasma membranes of each neuron are in very close contact and are separated by a narrow space called a synaptic cleft.                                *An electrical impulse cannot directly cross the gap so a different mechanism has to be used.                                                                          *An electrical nerve impulse travels along the axon of the first neuron (presynaptic neuron).                                                                               *When the nerve impulse reaches the dendrites at the end of the axon, chemical messengers called neurotransmitters are released.                     *These chemicals diffuse across the synaptic cleft. The chemicals bind with receptor molecules on the membrane of the second neuron (postsynaptic neuron).                                                                                *The receptor molecules on the second neuron can only bind to the specific neurotransmitters released from the first neuron.                     *The binding of neurotransmitter to the receptors stimulates the second neuron to transmit an electrical impulse along its axon. The signal therefore has been carried from one neuron to the next.        

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Neurotransmitter effects on mood and behaviour

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Neurotransmitter effects on mood and behaviour

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Endorphins are neurotransmitters that stimulate neurons involved in reducing the intensity of pain.

Increased levels of endorphins are connected with feeling of pleasure that arise from activities such as prolonged exercise, eating, and sex.

Endorphin production increases in response to:

severe injury

prolonged and continuous exercise

stress

certain foods

Increased levels of endorphins can, in turn, stimulate the release of dopamine. This can bring about other responses:

euphoria

appetite regulation

the release of sex hormones

Dopamine

Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that induces the feeling of pleasure and is involved in reinforcing particular behaviour as part of the reward pathway (neurons which secrete or respond to increased levels of dopamine).

When we engage in behaviour that is beneficial to us, we activate the reward pathway. An example of a beneficial behaviour would be eating when hungry.

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Neurotransmitter effects on mood and behaviour - Cells of the nervous system, neurotransmitters at synapses - Higher Human Biology Revision - BBC Bitesize

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Endorphins are neurotransmitters that stimulate neurons involved in reducing the intensity of pain. Increased levels of endorphins are connected with feeling of pleasure that arise from activities such as prolonged exercise, eating, and sex. Endorphin production increases in response to: severe injury prolonged and continuous exercise stress certain foods Increased levels of endorphins can, in turn, stimulate the release of dopamine.

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Recreational drugs - Cells of the nervous system, neurotransmitters at synapses - Higher Human Biology Revision - BBC Bitesize

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Revise cells of the nervous system and neurotransmitters at synapses with this BBC Bitesize Scotland Higher Human Biology guide to the SQA course.

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All or Nothing / Action potential / Firing of a Nerve Cell

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All or Nothing / Action potential / Firing of a Nerve Cell

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Action Potential - Firing of a Neuron - Depolarization

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https://studymind.co.uk/notes/depolarisation-and-repolarisation-in-the-action-potential/

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Search The Brain Charity’s A-Z for information about a specific neurological condition.

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Find out everything you need to know about drugs, their effects and the law. Talk to Frank for facts, support and advice on drugs and alcohol today. | FRANK

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Neurological conditions | Guidance and guideline topic | NICE

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Also remember there is a revision summary, glossary and revision questions in your printed nervous system booklet (also in electronic form under Reading on here :)

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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Individual and group work on pathologies of the nervous system 13/2/25

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If this music gives you goosebumps, you might have a special brain

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Think of your favourite piece of music, and think about how you might react to it.

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Have you ever wondered why certain songs give you chills? Discover the science behind these mysterious moments and learn how music affect us.

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1. Understand the structure and function of the nervous system.

1.1 Describe the structure of the central nervous system, sensory, connector and motor neurons.

1.2 Explain the role of sensory and motor neurones in a reflex arc.

1.3 Explain the mechanism of transmission of an impulse along a neurone.

1.4 Measure reaction times and evaluate the results.

1.5 Explain the effects of one of the following on the transmission of nerve impulses: caffeine, nicotine, amphetamines or cocaine.

2. Understand the autonomic nervous system.

2.1 Compare voluntary and reflex actions and explain the role of the autonomic nervous system.

3. Understand the effects a disorder can have on the nervous system.

3.1 Explain the effect of a disorder of the nervous system.

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Neurological Observations Chart - adult patients

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Neurological Observations Chart - adult patients

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How to perform neurological observations

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How to perform neurological observations

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Scoring activities on the Glasgow Coma Scale

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Scoring activities on the Glasgow Coma Scale

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Summary of the Cranial Nerves from The Royal Marsden Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures.

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Summary of the Cranial Nerves from The Royal Marsden Manual of Clinical Nursing Procedures.

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The Pediatric Glasgow Coma Scale (PGCS) assesses the mental state of child patients.

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Writing up Experiments - written by Phoebe Dempsey

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Writing up Experiments - written by Phoebe Dempsey

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Any questions, Phoebe works Tuesdays and Thursday and is usually based in the science lab on the first floor, and is happy to help.