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Task 3: recognizing stance in a text:

1. Stance is the position that a person takes on an idea or situation. Work in pairs. Complete the table with the correct stance a-e for each person.

a. The minority of staff : The university needs to have stricter measures to stop people smoking.

b. Staff members X and Y : People should not be allowed to smoke near building entrances.

c. The majority of staff : Smokers have a problem and need to be helped.

d. Staff member Z : It is not right to make people smoke outside in poor weather.

e. The author : Since relocation outside does work, smokers should be given a space to smoke inside.

Task 4: Expressing stance :

1. Complete sentences 1-5 with a word from the list.

a. One view  of the IQ test is that it is not a good measures of intelligence.

b. Vygotsky notes  that written language differs from spoken language in several respects.

c. The ability to make decision is clearly  the most important expression of leadership.

d. A leading environmentalist commented  that average global temperature have increased by two degrees.

e. It is perhaps  wrong to think that humans have had no impact on the environment.

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Task 1: vocabulary related to research :
1. All the words in the list come from Unite 5. Select an appropriate word to complete the paragraphs.

The aim of the study was to examine the effects  of air pollution on the local environment. Since the existing  data was out of date, having been recorded in 2006, the researchers decided to conduct  new experiments. They used a range  of tools to measure  air pollution in the city.

Car use was found to be the main factor  that contributed  to increase air pollution. However, the researchers also found that levels of air pollution varied according to the weather conditions.

Task 2: Vocabulary-building : noun suffixes :

1. Look at the nouns below. Identify :
a. Which part is the root word
b. Which part is the noun suffix
Example : encouragement, here "encourage" is root word and "ment" is noun suffix.
Main word          root word          noun suffix

Relocation          relocate              tion
Majority              major                    ity
Agreement         agree                    ment
Activity                active                   ity
Suggestion          suggest               tion
Statement            state                    ment

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Task 2: vocabulary-building : noun suffix

2. Complete sentences 1-5 by adding the correct suffix to each root word.

1. The scientists found that a small ( minor) minority  of subjects did not respond to the treatment.
2. The study investigated the ( contribute) contribution  of parents in children's ( educate) education.
3. Over a period of two months, they observed an ( improve) improvement  in the participants' behavior.
4. There was no difference between the ( able) ability  of the two groups.
5. The low level of productivity was a result of poor ( manager) management.

Task 3: noun and verbs with the same form:

1. Some nouns have the same form as the verb, e.g. to change and a change. Read sentence pairs 1-3. Note weather the words in bold are nouns or verbs.

1. a. The experiments had a great influence on social scientists. Noun
b. The experiments still influence the way research is conducted today. Verb

2. a. The wells supply water to all the neighbouring villages. Verb
b. The villages have secured their water supply for the future. Noun

3. a. There was no change in the participants behaviour. Noun
b. The researchers wanted to know if the participants' behaviour would change. Verb

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Task 1 : Expressing stance:
1. Put the words into the correct order to make sentences that express stance.

1. just 10,000 blue whales worldwide / says / Greenpeace / may / there / be / that
Greenpeace says that there may be just 10,000 blue whales worldwide.

2. that / deforestation / view / must / is / Most expertise' / slow down
Most expertise' is view that deforestation must slow down.

3. believes / Evans (2014) / many species / may / that / soon become extinct
Evans (2014) believes that many species may soon become extinct.

4. Peterson / humans must one day / to / According / another planet / colonize
According to Peterson humans must one day colonize another planet.

5. the research findings / that / notes / Smith (2012) / inconsistent / are
Smith (2012) notes that the research findings are inconsistent.

6. not reliable / claim / are / the survey findings / that / Harris and Jones
Harris and Jones claim that the survey findings are not reliable.

7. research / perhaps / that of Roberts and Hick / The most important / was
The most important research perhaps was that of Roberts and Hick.

8. risk losing / clearly / their habitats / A number of species
A number of species clearly risk losing their habitats.

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Task 2: Agreeing and disagreeng:
1. Complete dialogues 1 and 2 using the words in the list.
don’t agree   think  don’t think   seems
1. a. I think  an open-plan working environment is best. You know, when all the desks are in one big, open room.
b. I don’t agree .  I could never work in a place like that. It seems  to me that people are afraid to talk to each other. I don’t think  it’s very relaxing at all.

agree   and    but   right    to me    think(X2)
2. a. It seems to me  that shale gas could be the solution to some countries' energy challenges in the future.
b. Yes, I think  you are right .  But there's a lot of opposition to it in some countries. Extracting the gas can be dangerous to the local environment.
a. Yes, but  the risk is very small.
b. I agree .  Personally, I think  it’s worth the risk.
a. Yes, and  it produces less pollution, too.