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Essentialists, unlike the progressives and perennialists, do not have a singular philosophic base. The underlying philosophies of essentialism are idealism and realism.

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The essentialist tradition also contains a large number of “concerned citizens,” who feel that the schools have “gone to pot” and that they need to get back to stricter discipline and a study of the “basics.

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Learning is hard work and requires discipline. Learning those things that are essential cannot always be related to the interest of the child.

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The elementary school, according to the essentialists, should focus its attention on a curriculum engineered to cultivate the basic tool skills that contribute to literacy and the mastery of arithmetical computations. Thus the three R’s—the elementary essentials—are stressed.

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The secondary curriculum would aim at developing competency in history, mathematics, science, English, literature, and foreign languages.

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Essentialists argue that schools have catered too long to the desires of students. That has made a farce of education. What children need is to get to know the world as it really is by coming to grips with basic and essential subject matter.

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Essentialism requires an educator who is academically well-qualified with an appreciation for learning and development. The teacher must control the students with distributions of rewards and penalties.

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With essentialism, it is understood that it is the teacher's responsibility to keep order in the classroom. Essentialism requires the teacher to interpret essentials of the learning process, take the leadership position and set the tone of the classroom.

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The essentialist program implies that educational nonessentials, such as tap dancing and basket weaving, are not the business of the school. The school should aim at teaching the hard core of fundamental learning to all youth.

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For the essentialists, education finds its center in the teaching and learning of the basic skills and subject matters that will, upon their mastery, prepare the student to function as a member of a civilized society.

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Essentialism in education states that the teacher is the center of the classroom, so they should be rigid and disciplinary. Establishing order in the classroom is crucial for student learning; effective teaching cannot take place in a loud and disorganized environment.

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The role of the teacher as the leader of the classroom is a very important tenet of Educational essentialism.

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In response to their critiques of the education system, essentialists' developed goals that are designed to instill students with the "essentials" of academic knowledge, patriotism, and character development through traditional approaches. This is to promote reasoning, train the mind, and ensure a common culture for all citizens.

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Essentialism also strives to integrate some non-traditional areas in order to create moderation to balance the education.

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Essentialism can be considered to be a relatively conservative stance to education that strives to teach students the knowledge of a society and civilization through a core curriculum. This core curriculum involves such areas that include the study of the surrounding environment, basic natural laws, and the disciplines that promote a happier, more educated living

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Essentialism can be found in the organized learning centered on teachers and textbooks, in addition to the regular assignments and evaluations.

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Essentialism is less totally intellectual than perennialism. Essentialism is less concerned with the supposedly eternal truths, and is more concerned than perennialism with the adjustment of students to their physical and social environment.

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Essentialism also differs from perennialism, because essentialism is more willing to absorb the positive contributions of progressivism to educational method.

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Essentialists are outraged by the fact that many high-school graduates are functionally illiterate and that a large number of college freshmen need “bonehead” English.