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1. Writing requires students to make choices and they aren’t limited like how they were in highschool.

2. To approach a book, we must pay close attention to the small details like what's the purpose, who is the audience, and what's the reaction that the author is trying to get out of the audience.

3. Reading and writing are very dependant of each other

1. RLW- consider the author’s choices and techniques

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1. the importance of teaching  children at an early age how to read and write simultaneously  to help them gain exposure so that way when they get to college they become more familiar.

2. Questions student’s abilities to comprehend what they are reading about.

3. Rhetorical reading

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1. Idolizing ancient authors as “The Greats”(Shakespeare, Emerson, Orwell, etc) have a negative impact on the way we view writing.

2. Within most written pieces there is a story that has influenced or inspired the previous written piece.Using previous written work from other authors can serve as a model for us students when we produce our own writing.

(AKA The idea of collaborative writing to influence)

Break  the old  ideology that a writer’s  writing has to meet "The Greats" standards in order it to be good enough to be published.

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1. The ideology of “individual genius authorship” ( independent creation/ copyright)

2. For one to strengthen their writing they must have an open mind/ be flexible and are willing to put in the extra work and time needed to strengthen their writing

3. Good writers are born is a myth…

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The Prewriting process is essential

Students must be their own decision makers and can’t always rely on teachers to their decisions…

1 negative force : Delay / Procrasination

4 positive forces to writing: increasing information on the subject, waiting audience, rehearsal, and approaching deadline.

Signals that help writer “control subject” to make an outline of first draft (genre, point of view, voice, news, line, image, pattern, and problem)

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- For a student to be successful at literacy, there are many types that they have to fulfill, such as institutional literacy, traditional literacy, critical literacy, and academic literacy.
- Breaking down what are other forms of literacy in the four main types of literacies above.
- By improving literacy skills in early ages, college would be easier for students.

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To be successful at literacy, readers need to read like a writer. In order to do this, examine the texts you read, look for techniques the author uses, and make it your own.

Know what texts are for you to read, and do not assume what you interpreted is what the author meant.

Use tools while you read such as annotation, highlighting, and paraphrasing in order to better understand the texts as well as remember for longer

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Not only is writing creative, but reading is also as creative as writing. With different interpretation and imagination, reading can get just a sentence having multiple meanings that the writer did not expect.

When reading and writing are learned together, the students get proficient at both much better than just learning one at a time.

When reading, the readers will have their mind open for the things they read to be stored in their head, creating a whole sea of beautiful literacy skills.

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No one has their writing skills as a talent, or born with them.

Writing from original ideas deserves meritocracy, but mixing and matching different writing pieces to create a whole new writing also deserves meritocracy.

Myths and wrong ideas about writers from the earlier periods of time should be eliminated.

Combining pieces from other original authors can also be considered writing.

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Students come to one place to study literacy with different levels of literacy background. Giving different students an equal amount of lectures and work is not a bright idea to make them all good.

There is help for students with low literacy skills (teacher, social influence).

Writing is a skill that requires a lot of trying, failing, learning, and repeat.

Learning from successful writers is crucial because it is the only way to be like them. But to do that, the learner has to break down what techniques or decisions the author(s) uses.

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Preparation for writing is a must, even for an expert at writing. Adequate time to let all the ideas come out, and having all tools ready to go.

There are multiple driving forces that make the writers write, such as sufficient knowledge and experience, informing others, curiosity, and deadlines.

Rehearsal after writing is important when the writer can receive peer feedback, and fix the writing.

There are multiple signals when the writers know it is the time to write, such as genres, point of view, voice, line, seeked information from readers, image, and pattern.

The idea of how important preparing before writing should be known by more people.

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Idolizing past authors can be bad for the way we view writing

Authors aren’t always geniuses

Anyone can be an author

Writing doesn’t deal with one person, it can be a group effort (books)

Promoting collaboration in writing rather than isolation

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Improve writing

Stop seeing writing as an art and instead as an activity

By taking writing out of class, more than inside the classroom

training/ practice to get better at something

Writing will get better if you put the effort and work into getting better

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write before writing refers to the process before actually writing, such as the outlines or notes.

The process of writing and everything that happens before and between of writing or a thought before the writing can begin

Can lead to procrastination

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the writing process

getting attention to writing and what it's become/becoming, its evolutions

Challenges they face with writing: developing new models of composing, new curriculum to support the models, and creating new pedagogies

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Teaching reading and writing together will help students become more efficient and improve thinking

Refuting that reading and writing are not connect

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How reading someone else's work can benefit our work and our thinking process

The purpose of reading like a writer, to help you understand the process of writing is a series of making choices

Being able to read because it interests you

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Traditional and non traditional literacies

Difference between literacy practices and capital culture

Literacies goals to be able to succeed past education

Literacy being easily accessible

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1. The concept that Mike Bunn mentioned in his article about analyzing the author's way of writing when you read could give you ideas on how to structure your writing by adopting similar traits that the authors used.
2. The article informs why you should learn to read like a writer since professors most likely want you to have this skill. The problem with this is that sometimes professors don't actually teach you how to master this skill resulting in the lack of production of good quality writings.

3. Having a set of questions about the author or about the piece of writing before you start to read could be very beneficial towards better understanding the idea of the writing. The why, and what could help you structure and have a little more research when developing your writing.

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1. Reading and writing should be introduced jointly since they are not distinct topics but are interconnected.

2. Some students struggle with reading comprehension and are unable to write because they lack the ability to examine and combine words.

3. Exposing students to texts of all types and across all mediums does not guarantee to understand; everyone learns differently.

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1. People believe that geniuses or brilliant people are never incorrect or always know everything, however with today's technology and innovations, everyone may be challenged.

2. According to Edward Young's research, writers are born distinctive, and good authors are born. Which was how authors perceived themselves, seeking to show that quality writing was not generated by working hard or putting your thoughts extremely well, but rather by authors' distinctive identities being born that way.

3. The essay highlighted how literature is constantly traded among writers, such as completing research and reading someone else's writing in order to develop your own writing.

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1. Skill is not a term to be afraid of if it is defined as something we practice and develop habits that can be taught and learned rather than something we are born with.
2. To become a successful writer, you must be determined.
3. By understanding that not everyone starts with the same advantages of creating writings and that everyone learned from someone else you could start doing the same and are going to become a better writer.

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3 challenges/ opportunities:

“Developing new  models of writing; designing a new curriculum supporting those models; and creating models for teaching that curriculum” (Yancey’s 1)

^ Yancey’s call to action

5 themes of writing in 20th century:

1.) “Through reading, society could control its citizen, whereas through writing, citizen might exercise their own control” (Yancey’s 2)

2.) reading provided  more of a fulfilling type of feeling whereas, writing created more of sense of feeling hopeless

3.) Writing required a lot of work

4.) writing being associated with testing

5.) ???

2 Trends that affected writing in the 20th century

(science & progressivism)

Writing in 21st Century

Digital technology

Collaborative participation

writing informal, original  texts

Power of networking/ knowing your audience

Writing is a “lifelong process” (Yancey 6)

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- Details how to read like a writer
- RLW is different than normal reading
- Getting in college means RLW is expected so starting earlier, the better
- RLW is a strategy used to improve that is not taught at an earlier age

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- Reading + writing = meaning
- Literacy is improved when reading and writing are both involved
- Using both reading and writing comes on to into the future after postsecondary schooling (in life)

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- We are expected to carry out the legacies of the greatest writers of all time -> pressure
- Improvement comes from collaboration
- Being around others help our writing skills through - ideas bounce off each other

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- we refrain ourselves from writing because we compare ourselves to other writers and try to be what others expect us to be
- the internet and social media allows us to be more than authors. Although the internet can help us with our reading and writing skills, it doesn’t improve our interpretation skills
- we have the potential to be better, we are not born with the skills
- improvement comes through metacognition: interpretation, analysis, etc. reflection and persistence makes improvement

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- Waiting for ideas to come or simply sitting on ideas is a good thing
- Preparation before writing is key
- Knowing the context of the reading allows you to know what the reading will be about -> significant to know the basic information
- Prewriting is essential to make a good writing piece

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It's challenging to help improve the children's success when Hart and Risely aren't familiar with their living environment, they don't have control over what goes on at home for them which can be difficult to comprehend why the children are having such negative thoughts of themselves at such an young age

It's challenging to help improve the children's success when Hart and Risely aren't familiar with their living environment, they don't have control over what goes on at home for them which can be difficult to comprehend why the children are having such negative thoughts of themselves at such an young age

In a child's earlier years they like to repeat everything that is being said or that is being done. The more that they are exposed to spoken words, the more that they will become familiarized.Like saying goes "monkey see, monkey do".

In order for a child to be successful they must be surrounded in positive environment/ community. Just like with anybody the more negativity that you are being surrounded with the lower your self esteem gets which may cause one to fall into an "intellectual runt".

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Reading and Writing is important to learn together.
Not learning together can decrease the proficiency of a person.
Students' phonic skills are enforced when learning together.

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Writing is hard. Collaboration over Isolation. Having a team to help you is the way to write the best. Instead of trying to be 100% original in all senses, use outside ideas and integrate them into the writing. Use old ideas and combine them to get a new idea and write about that.

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We are all authors, and all authors can become better authors. We just have to keep on trying. More privileged, desirable students are seen as better writers than those who were not as privileged are not. Experienced writers see the newer writers negatively. They undermine the work because the newer writers are being compared to professional writers which is unfair.

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The negative force that writers face is resistance. Writers start to move away from their work and put it off.

There are four pressures that help writers move forward: increasing info about the subject, rehearsal, increasing concern, and becoming aware of the waiting audience.

Most important thing is the approaching deadline.

All writing is experimental.

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1. The world revolves around literacy. With this being said, spoken language,  written language, and visual language, all require that one to know how to read and write.

2. In order for students to reach the universities expectations for literacy, they must gain exposure to course content. The more exposure they get, the easier it is to navigate and read through literary texts.

3. In this century people, especially students are expected to be proficient in reading, writing,  arithmetic, and more to be considered as literate or just to have the ability to interact with their peers.

1. “Virtual Backpacks”

2. meritocracy

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College students need to understand 6 literacies in order for them to be able to proceed with college smoothly.

Students usually don’t enter university knowing these literacies and that’s why they must learn them when they enter college.

This framework of literacies was created in order for new incoming college students to get a grip of the universities “rules” of writing.

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-students are overwhelmed, alienize and struggle with the transition to the educational system, the unfamiliarize of two system HS and University create a boundary for students to transition as they feared that they haven’t yet experienced nor able to succeed
-students without the cultural capital necessary to read and navigate the system cannot expect to participate on equal terms, for those who are lacking financially or in general tend to have an impression of failure or can’t compete.

-dominant feature of academic literacy is requirement to switch their writing styles and genre between setting and another. As we shift to higher education, being able to move on from one genre to another should be smooth and easy as we slowly learn our way to higher education.

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-The author, Bunn, shares a new technique when reading called RLW, reading like a writer, and encourages his readers to use this technique.
-While critically thinking like a writer while reading, you’re able to adapt or learn how to improve your writing skills.
-Bunn talks about how this technique helps you to look deeper into the words and to think about the history, meaning, and placement of them.

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Reading goes hand in hand with writing because without the ability to properly read, you aren’t able to execute perfect writing abilities.

Carillo disagrees that writing and reading are two completely different skills and that one shouldn’t be favored over the other.

Professors should take it upon themselves to discontinue teachings of mainly writing and to let writing and reading coexist with each other equally.

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1. –A huge insightful topic brought up in the reading was the reference to the 20th century of literacy composition and the comparison of the 21st century advances in literary composition. SHe explains what key differences have occurred to further children's reading and writing compositions and the obstacles these children had to face to truly learn. Compared to now where there is a wide access of networks and opportunities to learn how to read and write

2. –Another unique idea brought up in the text was the idea of collaboration and its importance among individuals, students and writers. Yacey explains the lack of communication among those in the 20th century inhibiting the advancement of ideas and knowledge that can be shared to individuals. She compares this to the Facebook post of the word “Sparta '' to help students in their AP classes and to talk to one another to share ideas and feelings, overall proving that communication is important now and very persistent due to technological changes, this allows for the advancement of education and student learning.

–Another key idea Yancey explains is the change to the education system and its foundation to learning for younger students and allowing for new and different growth that will allow for dynamic ways of thinking. A concept she introduces is creating a new model for teaching, this model is a past example of how teaching can be improved and looking at this past article it shows how innovation of this idea has taken over to our present time.

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1. –Everyday people such as writers or students need to stop having super high expectations for their writing and stop comparing themselves to writers who have created masterpieces because it is simply unrealistic to accomplish these goals.

2. –Encourages the idea that creating a masterpiece or a great writing isn't done alone but rather done by stitching together other people's ideas, the things you learn, and your creativity to create something that is great, it's not necessarily done alone but rather done in collaboration with others.

3. –Diminishes the idea of copyright culture from the west, criticizes that copyright is in fact in our laws and here to protect peoples creations but their ideas are not protected by copyright, authors clean up their writing to make their writing/ project look like it was done completely alone but in reality it's done by using others ideas and collaboration.

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1. -Students needs to be taught more broader literacies than just writing techniques in order to improve their writing techniques in and outside of school

2. -Argues that professors/ teachers should make more students comfortable in a writing environment since professors tend to oversee the alienation students experience first going into higher education writing classes.

3. -Explores the dynamic of higher education while exploring the dynamic of students attending higher education in order to accustom to all students/ while guaranteeing their success.

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1. Introduces the topic of the common misconception that writers are born naturally good writer and common individuals can achieve the same excellence that these good writers have accomplished

2. Criticizes the education system and educators of being too harsh on students when students get something wrong. Encourages the idea of “metacognition” , the idea of thinking about one's thoughts, and using this as a way to help students improve their writing.

3. Admits the idea that natural talent does exist in many ways and doesn't downplay it for the sake of people who are trying harder than others to improve their writing. Also encourages people to truly believe in themselves that they can become good writers, “solidifies this idea

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-Emphasizing that geniuses don’t work solo, they’re supposed to collaborate and interact with each other's works.
-If you start honing your academic skills at an early age, you’re able to grow and develop those skills more.
-It’s all in practicing to become better writers not believing the old ideologies that have discouraged people because they keep comparing their work to unrealistic standards.

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Student writers need to learn about the history of writing to see how meaningful writing can be. For that, the author hopes that the student writers will get writing and composition to thrive.

People need to be more literate in order to not be ruled blinded by “evil” rulers.

Writing has been a bad image in many people’s minds because of how it was used for testing, working, and evaluating. But writing slowly evolved, people do it for fun, research, journal, activities, and/or even poetry.

Writing is a skill that needs a lot of practices and right trainings.

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-Three challenges that must be taken up to help improve the writers of the 21st century.

-Two trends in the 20th century that had influenced the way that they teach literacy, science and the lack of theory. Created misconceptions of writing.

-Where writing is seen nowadays: elections, text messages, networking sites, emails, etc. Not only are they seen everywhere but the audiences have also changed.

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Students need the four listed literacies to a successful writer because there is no single literacy that can make a student fully literate

Instead of giving lectures in a boring classroom, they should be given in workshop type environments so that students participate more.

We live in a multimodal, multimedia, and multilingual era where writing is everywhere and students need to be literate to survive this era.

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In addition to understanding the article, you should be trying to understand why the author made specific writing choices

Reading like a writer will help you improve as a writer because you can gain new writing techniques

Asking yourself other ways that the article could have been written is useful in determining why the author made certain writing choices.

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Students learn how to read and write more proficiently if they are taught together.

Reading is just as important as writing and students must practice reading to be literate

Lack of reading proficely is a major problem in the digital age as students stop practicing reading.

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You do not have to be a genius to be a writer

Collaboration is really important in writing and positively affects students

Writers do not work alone and they are not the big geniuses that they are thought out to be.

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Writers are not born good writer, it is a taught skill

You can always improve your writing, it is not set in stone

Teachers need to provide opportunities for feedback

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Procrastination and delay is good for writing and formulating ideas

Writers don't begin to write until their story has spoken to them

Writers become obsessed about their subject and it becomes apart of them

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The labor of writing discouraged people to write

There have been new techniques to improve the writing process and to make students more literate

Steps to design a new curriculum for writing

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1. Miller and Schulz explain that students need multiple literacies to succeed and that traditional literacies are not enough for that.

2. Since many students aren’t actually prepared for tertiary school or university, Miller and Schultz explain that university professors need to transition from teaching/focusing on traditional literacies to the multiliteracies framework.

3. Miller and Schulz explain that students also need to act on those different literacies, i.e. critical literacies, institutional literacies, etc.

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1) Bunn points out that students shouldn’t just read to understand the main idea but to also question why the writer wrote what they wrote, as this helps the reader become a better writer themself.

2) Including questioning the text, Bunn frequently makes a point of asking the audience if they’d want to try a certain technique in their own writing(Pg. 4).

3) Another important thing Bunn expresses is understanding the context of the text, e.g. who the audience is/what the purpose is.

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1) Carillo mentions some of the important things about literacy and reading that Miller, Schulz, and Bunn explain, such as learning different literacies and RLW.

2) Carillo really emphasizes that educators need to stop focusing on writing. She states that reading is just as important as writing, thus it is just as important to be able to read critically.

3) Lastly Carillo points out that being able to read critically, think from different perspectives, and engage in ideas is all a part of being a good citizen.

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1. Edwards & Paz write about the Western ideas of natural born writers in a sarcastic way. They believe that there is no such thing as that and strongly refute it.

2. They emphasize that all writing is a collaborative project and that ideas and writing is created from “reusing, recycling, and repurposing.”

3. They also emphasize that imitation is one of the greatest tools out there for a writer, you can learn and improve through it and finally create great writing from what you learn.

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1. Parrott explains that writing is a type of social and contextual literacy as well, writers miss out on learning from these experiences when they only focus on the final product and not the process.

2. The process of writing is what truly develops literacy and writing, the final project doesn’t do anything to help improve literacy.

3. Parrot writes in a very positive way, she doesn’t object to anything and acknowledges fixed advantages, and experience.

4. Parrott states that every person is a writer and it is persistence that leads to improvement.

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1. Murray uses the IMRaD structure to explain the process and stages of writing. He first introduces the problem of teachers becoming frustrated with struggling student writers, next he goes into explaining the methods and stages behind writing. Lastly discusses that the writing process results in a “voice,” that will create the writers’ first line for their topic.(Pg 5-6) He proposes that struggling student writers should be given council.

2. One of his most important signals, that he reiterates multiple times, is the “Law of Delay.” (Pg. 2)

3. Murray writes that the more the writer is educated about the subject, the more strongly they will feel about it, and the more “voice,” they will have.”

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1. Yancey wants to educate students as well as motivate them to become writers that contribute to future advances in literacy.

2. She explains the history behind the evolution of writing to teach student writers of it’s importance, of how, in the past, reading was used as a means to spread societal/monarchal ideas and how writing was prohibited or negatively associated because it started discussions and created ideas/questions that went against those of society. Just like how we learned about John Locke and his ideas starting the Enlightenment Era.

3. Writing has, through the centuries, become more accessible to all, people can request for help, communicate with others, and now writing is no longer as tedious as in the past when there was only a typewriter or quill, ink, and parchment. Now writing has evolved to a point where it is considered an art, a means to liberate, a coping mechanism, anything and everything, writing contains a different meaning for everyone.

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Provides elementary school now connecting writing and reading as one practice and by reading they were able to identify certain writing patterns with genres to include in their own writing proposing that colleges should adopt this literacy framework

States that because colleges are more focused on the writing aspect of literacy, they begin producing students who cannot construct their own thoughts as writing and reading both need to be involve in order to boost creative thinking

Provides a counter argument that people believe that college is not important as the only benefit of attending college would be for a higher chance of receiving a job offer, however Carillo rebuttals that employers would rather have workers with the skill with the ability to read and write

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Focus on the type of genre you are reading about and how the writer uses techniques to get their purpose across to the reader

Start asking questioning to yourself before, during, and after you start reading

Keep in mind the context of the piece you are reading, who wrote it, when did they write it, why did they write it

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Rehearsal is another skill which is drafting a writing piece in ones head by talking to oneself while trying to brainstorm ideas or before writing a piece it can be seen as writings one's thoughts on a paper which schools have taught us is the right way to brainstorm however both ways can help a writer move forward with their writing piece

Most experienced writers often encounter some resistance when writing and contrary to popular belief of distracting yourself being a bad habit it can instead be a double edge sword as being able subconsciously thinking about the writing goal helps writers eventually fulfill their goal

There are positive forces and negative  that can help inspire a writer to produce a rough draft before writing which teachers should learn these forces to teach to children for learning how to prewriting

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1. Writing had a history of being connected to negative experiences like: writing alone, testing, and it being labor intensive. This made students or people in general to improve on their writing outside of writing for pleasure.
2. When studies on students were conducted they found students using the writing process of: brainstorming, drafting, peer review, and final draft. This then also leads to the world of technology, allowing for people to collaborate easier and help each other out. The age of participation and composers.
3. Students and educators should try to work on solutions in the education system so that composition can be redefined and so that students can know what composition really is. These steps included: explore the new models of composition, design new models of curriculum for students k-graduate school, and create new ways or standards of teaching.

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1. There are forces that prevent writers from writing and pushes a writer to write. The force preventing them from writing is resistance. The forces that push them to write are: increasing information, concern, waiting audience, and the deadline.

2. The delay to write is not something to be afraid of because it allows for our brains to think and organize information to be able to start rehearsing the writing. Rehearsing the writing being the process of us trying to write or think out our sentences or thoughts.

3. We should learn or teach how to see the signals during the rehearsal period that will help us to continue writing or take control of the subject. These signals include: news, image, line, genre, pattern, and point of view.

4. “We” as in educators should allow time for students to prewrite and should also teach the students to be familiar with the signals of rehearsal so that student have a way to start writing.

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1. By believing that a writer’s/author’s work should be good from the start, we focus too much on the end product instead of the process and meaning of writing itself.

2. Being a professional writer or a better author does not account for the end product only, but also those who reflect on their writing to become better.

3. In education or academic environments, we must allow for mistakes and then teach them why and how not to make those mistakes so that they can learn how to reflect and become better.

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1. The writing process does not consist of sitting in a room alone and trying to draw inspiration from within.

2. Genius writing is not about trying to have or create an original thought, but using other works and take inspiration from them to support your argument.

3. The idea that genius writing is about originality and uniqueness is an outdated idea.

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1. Reading is the way society transfers (bad memories of writing)

2.Composition classes from k-12 will help students improve their writing skills

3. Technology changed the way people communicate their writing.

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1. Writing is not easy as they had explained, it is actually really difficult to become because you  need to accept the fact that you need help in your literacy.

2.People see authors as persons who are naturally smart and can write without having feedback.

3. Writing should be about gathering information from a variety of sources and collaborating how it once was.

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1. The author starts to describe his background information and how it was back then.

2. The author gives us his experience as a reader and how that experience might have had an influence on his writing.

3. The author gives us information on the topic of the book and how it will have a positive outcome on the reader

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1. The idea of a writer being a genius who writes alone is outdated
2. Writing consist of collaborating different ideas with others, not being alone
3. Anybody can be an author and shouldn't be based on idolizing past authors

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The negative force - writers find every way possible to procrastinate on their writing. Writer's block.

A solution that’s able to make people start writing instead of procrastinating is putting in the effort to conduct research on your topic, to spark some ideas, to become knowledgeable on the topic.

The practices you do before writing. Rehearsing, research, prewriting.

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-Learning about the history of writers will help get writers get new perspectives and how it was used

-New techniques have developed for writers to improve

- Developing a new learning curriculum to improve literacy amongst students.

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Writers will delay their writing or will write at a specific time.

Writers are always in a point of rehearsal while writing (some writing will be an experiment for them)

Writers will always collaborate

Ideas come to a writer because he has trained his mind to seek them out

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-Pre-writing is crucial

-There is driving factors such as their knowledge or pressure

-Using outlines to create ideas will help writer become more successful

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Back in the 20th mid century people thought athurors were chosen by god.

Newer technology changes the perspective we see literacy because now we can have easier access to it.

Students think they are not good writers because they are compared to authors who have been writing for years.

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-People see writers as geniuses or artists but they aren't different from anyone else.

-People do more reading and writing than they think

-Practicing more cognitive thinking such as metacognition recognition will help open up to more ideas

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-Originality frustrates writers

-writers compare themselves to great writers

-There are alternatives to being genius such as imitation

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The education system has been enforcing students to read and write simultaneously , but research shows it doesn’t have any connection.

Reading helps students create ideas and helps students be more open to different ideas.

She demonstrates how both skills are very important for humans in the real world in order to communicate

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- Young students tend to learn to read and write better when taught simintatonsly - College and universities focus more on writing than reading-Reading is just as creative as writing

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The author admits in Metaphor and Meaning that teachers have not made their lessons/ classes welcoming or engaging for students.

Professors forget how stressful their classes can be to students who might have 3 or 4 classes as stressful as that one.

A great point the author represents is that students who can’t handle how to navigate the educational system might just not be able to surpass it

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-Reading like a writer (RLW) you work to identify some of the choices the author makes to be able to understand the choices you make when you write

-Being able to carefully examine the things you read will help and examining the writing the author uses will help decide if you want to use the same types of techniques

-When you read like a writer you are examining the way the text is built so that you learn how to build one for yourself

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-Students need to have multiple literacies to participate in university cirucumlum.

-students need a blend of basic literacies such as reading, writing, and English fluency

-students need to be able to present written, spoken, and texts for multiple ranges of contexts

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1. Anybody can be a writer as to become a writer it takes constant repetition of skill usage
2. Writers must put in time towards building their skill which doesn't have to be perfect to fail and learn from their failure
3. Technology as it can help with reading and writing skills, it doesn't improve our critical thinking skills

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1. Writing in the 21st century has changed and teachers must learn to adapt instead of using historic techniques where reading was consider a pleasurable experience and more important than writing
2. There are three ways teachers can take to keep up with present
3. Developing a new literacy curriculum would possible be the next step

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- in the 20th century, writing was difficult and people had to adjust to what was there
- composition is evolving in a good way through technology; is becoming more accessible to people
through technology, we are more exposed to literacy (social media, texting, etc.)
- benefits to composition in the digital world
- networking
- bigger audience
- more collaboration/participation