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王瑞芹大學國貿系畢業後、進貿易公司工作，因緣際會轉換跑道、踏入配音圈，近20年來最膾炙人口的配音角色為日本卡通「我們這一家」的花媽。 2016年創辦YouTube頻道「說故事花媽家」，以溫柔開朗的聲音特質為小朋友朗讀故事。FB： 王瑞芹 來花媽家（記者陳宇睿／攝影）

初次與王瑞芹交談，很難想像這個清亮溫柔的聲音，下一秒就有如川劇變臉般，瞬間換上粗聲粗氣且帶有台灣國語的花媽嗓音，她同時也是「蠟筆小新」的同學妮妮、媽媽美冴，就連哈姆太郎和神奇寶貝都軋上一角！

賣力獻聲！失戀移轉重心、開啟第二人生

會走上配音這條路，全因為一場失戀。當時，痛苦難以排解的她，白天上班，晚上就到「伊甸基金會」擔任志工，恰好遇上「伊甸」成立廣播訓練營，她便跟著影響她至深的老師劉銘學國語正音、聲音表情，也跟著老師在別的錄音室學對嘴、廣播劇等配音技巧，最後更考上第1屆配音工會的訓練班。

然而課程修畢，考驗才要開始。「想要有配音工作，就得找錄音室領班『跟班』，跟班是沒錢拿的，重點是坐在外面聽前輩配音、從旁學習，再尋求配音機會。」通常坐好幾天、甚至幾星期才有1句台詞，「第1次臨時被叫上麥克風前真的很緊張，如果NG，旁邊的前輩光是嘆口氣我們就會發抖。」深怕搞砸便從此與這行無緣。當時毅然辭去工作，給自己1年跟班的王瑞芹從不遲到早退，因此帶給領班和錄音室老闆極大印象，很幸運地在短時間得到電視劇「楚留香新傳」女配角角色。

聲音演員！挑戰各式角色、戲內外都百變

曾有前輩說，工作沒滿10年，不要說自己是專業配音員。王瑞芹解釋，「對配音員來說，沒配過的角色都是挑戰，但錄完後，未來接到相近個性、特質的角色，便能逢刃有餘。角色百百種，因此至少要演個10年，才能說自己什麼都配過吧！」和日本相比，台灣的配音環境不能算好。「台灣經費不夠，我曾經在一齣韓劇配了女主角、婆婆、小叔的女友，後來還要配小三。」配音時，自己與自己對話是常態，努力把自己的音線擴大、變聲時不讓觀眾聽出，也是必備專業，但這個經驗，還是讓王瑞芹哭笑不得。

儘管如此，談到配音工作，王瑞芹總能用滿腔熱情回答每個問題。對她而言，配音的魔力在於，「人就一輩子，但透過演繹角色，我彷彿過上好幾輩子的人生。」近年她為孩子辦配音營、組織團隊免費在線上朗讀故事，下了戲的配音員仍忙著，不管戲裡戲外都活得絢爛精彩。

揭秘入行眉角 薪資待遇

王瑞芹以自身經驗建議有興趣者，先報名配音訓練班，一方面學習配音技巧，一方面則藉此認識業界老師、進而有機會跟班。跟班的態度也很重要，如何在過程中學習前輩配音的感情與變化、在配音機會突然來臨時給出亮眼表現，都是影響自己能否入行的關鍵。

配音員收入無公定行情，主要是以秒數（配廣告）或集數（配戲劇）計酬，例如1集30分鐘的卡通，配音新人若接到台詞不多的配角，業界行情約在400～500元，但也視個人與錄音室的契約或工作內容而定；且配音工作講求一次到位、避免多次NG，如果工作狀況不穩定，就會影響日後接案機會，但若熬成資深配音員，收入則可比一般上班族高許多！ 習慣說國語的王瑞芹，突然要配台語劇時，不免需要提前拿稿，在台詞旁預先寫下翻成台語的說法。（記者陳宇睿／攝影）
上工前，配音員往往得先和領班討論角色個性和聲音表現。（記者陳宇睿／攝影）
從這個錄音室移動到另一個錄音室，是每個配音員的工作日常。（記者陳宇睿／攝影）
相關影音
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花媽、妮妮都是她！配音員王瑞芹公開你不知道的業界眉角 - 玩咖Playing - 自由電子報

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王瑞芹大學國貿系畢業後、進貿易公司工作，因緣際會轉換跑道、踏入配音圈，近20年來最膾炙人口的配音角色為日本卡通「我們這一家」的花媽。 2016年創辦YouTube頻道「說故事花媽家」，以溫柔開朗的聲音特質為小朋友朗讀故事。FB： 王瑞芹 來花媽家（記者陳宇睿／攝影） ...

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尼采（ Friedrich Whilhelm Nietzsche）

尼采的音樂養成

1844年10月15日尼采誕生於德國薩克森省（Saxony)接近萊比錫的一個小鎮-呂肯（Röcken）。薩克森省有豐富的音樂傳統，而萊比錫更是舒茨（Heinrich Schütz，1585-1672）、巴赫、韓德爾、舒曼、華格納等多位作曲家生活的居所。尼采的父親是路德教派的牧師及教師，經常彈奏鋼琴給年幼的尼采聽，但不幸地於尼采五歲時去世。1851年尼采由母親啟蒙學琴。1855年尼采受邀到好友古斯塔夫(Gustav Krug)家中作客，在那兒尼采聆聽了音樂演奏，並且認識了包括孟德爾頌在內的多位音樂家，受到音樂上的啟迪。巴赫、海頓、莫札特、貝多芬、舒伯特、孟德爾頌及舒曼等德奧作曲家的作品都是尼采早年音樂學習的養分。

1861年17歲的尼采

1854年十歲的尼采在聽過韓德爾神劇《彌賽亞》的演出後開始嚐試音樂創作。1864-68年尼采在波昂及萊比錫就讀大學時仍持續作曲。1868年他在萊比錫認識了歌劇作曲家華格納，對其音樂非常推崇，深受影響。1869年24歲的尼采進入瑞士巴塞爾大學（University Of Basel)擔任古典語言學教授後，才逐漸減少音樂創作。尼采可算的上是優秀的鋼琴家，他能演奏華格納歌劇「指環」系列改編給鋼琴的作品，也能在鋼琴上即興演奏。音樂一直是尼采生命中最大的慰藉，即便是1889年因精神崩潰而停止寫作，也不再說話後，尼采仍能即興演奏鋼琴，音樂成為他最後的避風港。

尼采演奏鋼琴

尼采的音樂觀點

尼采極度推崇音樂。1858年他曾提到對音樂的看法：「上帝將音樂賜給我們，使我們得以被提升。音樂結合了所有的特質，它可以是抒情的，也可以透過溫柔、多愁善感的曲調鼓舞我們；它甚至可打破最強硬的個性。音樂最主要的目的是提升我們的思想、感動我們、提供樂趣，並將我們從無聊中拯救出來。凡是輕蔑音樂的人都是瘋狂的。音樂是上帝賜予我人生旅程中最好的同伴，讓我們因這美好的享受對上帝唱出永恆的讚美吧。」（Über Musik, Aus Meinem Leben)

尼采在1872年所出版的第一本著作《悲劇的誕生》中闡述了他的音樂觀點。尼采認為希臘文化中的酒神-戴奧尼索斯（Dionysus)精神是無形象的、非理性的、醉與迷狂嬉戲的，而音樂即純粹的酒神藝術，是世界意志的ㄧ面鏡子，表現世界的原始情緒，是世界的真正理念。悲劇是音樂情緒的形象表現，民歌和抒情詩則是語言對於音樂的模仿。音樂是獨特的、本源性的藝術，在一切藝術類別中處於中心地位。年少時的尼采酷愛德國古典音樂，青年時期著迷於華格納，後來則傾心於比才（G. Bizet，1838-1875）。尼采認為音樂應該是輕盈、明朗、溫柔，令人翩翩起舞的。

酒神戴奧尼索斯

尼采的音樂作品以鋼琴小品居多，另外還有一些歌曲、室內樂、合唱及管弦樂曲，他甚至嚐試創作歌劇。他的音樂創作主要是靠自修，使用貝多芬時代奧地利作曲家J.G. Albrechtsberger（1736-1809）的著作做為作曲時的參考。尼采的音樂風格承襲德奧音樂傳統，深受舒伯特、孟德爾頌、舒曼等浪漫派大師的影響，他的音樂情感豐富，從活潑到感傷；浪漫到沈思，偶爾也流露出來自父親路德教派的聖樂傳統。

尼采創作生涯始於1854年，當時的尼采僅僅10歲，他的第一首作品是《為鋼琴而作的稍快板》（Allegretto For Piano)。到14歲時尼采已經完成幾十首作品，他的創作高峰集中於1861-65年間。1874年尼采創作長達20分鐘的《友情讚美詩》（Hymnus an die Freundschaft)，這首作品後來被改編給合唱及管弦樂演奏。尼采一直持續作曲到1887年，最後一首作品則是為合唱及管弦樂團而作的《生命讚美詩》（Hymnus an das Leben)。遺憾的是他的音樂在生前並未受到矚目，作品一直到1976年才由瑞士巴塞爾大學出版。

《友情讚美詩》手稿

尼采全套鋼琴作品錄音

尼采音樂作品的編輯者Curt Paul Janz（1911-2011）評論尼采的音樂雖不盡完美，但也有令人感到愉悅之作。他認為尼采使用音樂就如同使用語言，是一種溝通的方式，是尼采心智及心靈的產物。尼采的傳記作者Michael Krücker說：「毫無疑問地尼采是音樂方面的天才，他一定是將音樂視為他使命的一部分，是對戴奧尼索斯精神及叔本華哲學的擁護，他的鋼琴演奏也是對他理論的見證。音樂流入他的身體，又從他的身體溢出。他絕對不會把作曲僅僅當作一項生計」。《尼采與音樂，2004》一書的作者Georges Liébert則認為尼采是以音樂的形式作為他哲學寫作的模型。

音樂評論家James Mannheim 定義尼采的音樂為「輕巧的、類即興式的、格言式的，並預示了他日後哲學創作的寫作風格」。李斯特（Franz Liszt)對尼采的音樂有不錯的評價，指揮家兼鋼琴家漢斯 · 馮 · 畢羅（Hans von Bülow，1830-1894）則對尼采的音樂嗤之以鼻，而華格納更是曾對尼采的作品捧腹大笑。無論如何，尼采音樂作品的重要性在於它是理解尼采哲學思想的要素。

哲學的尼采，肯定生命、追求真理、尋求自我超越、提倡昂然奮發的超人意志。音樂的尼采則以他獨特的眼光為我們揭櫫了希臘文化中的酒神精神。尼采對音樂情有獨鍾，將音樂置於所有藝術之上，認為音樂是最具有哲學精神的藝術。1887年尼采在書信中說：「不曾有任何哲學家在音樂上達到我的高度」。尼采以藝術救贖人類的命運，教導我們用審美的眼光看待人生，並賦予永恆生成變化的物質世界形而上的意義！

* 本文版權為陳相瑜所有，若轉載使用請註明出處。© 2015 Copyright by Hsiang-Yu Chen

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"The Life of the dead is placed in the memory of the living" - Marcus Tullius Cicero

Dramatization of Cicero arguing in the forum

We don't learn from history, instead, history lives with us. This is an I idea that I chanced upon while reading Mary Beard's "SPQR". In the book, Beard chronicles Roman history from its beginnings around(mind you, this is a very loose figure) 750 BCE until around 214 CE. SPQR also introduced me to a famous Roman named Cicero. If you study Roman history you will hear a whisper of his name everywhere. He was a prolific writer in a time of great change for Rome. Not only did he come to power while the senate in Rome still held power, but he was also around during the rise of Caesar. In fact, Cicero was allied with the man who fought against Caesar for control of Rome. Then, after Caesar's death, he was hunted down by the men of Octavian, the man who would be the first true emperor of Rome. By using Cicero as a string through her narrative, Beard ties together this portion of Roman history brilliantly.

However, this is not about the brilliant telling of history, this is about how Cicero is a person to tear down in our minds. Only then, can we see how the great men who we put up on a pedestal are just embodiments of ourselves. So, let's get to know Cicero. Why he should be hated, and why he is more like us than we can imagine.

Although he was far poor, Cicero did rise through the ranks to become a senator. He worked hard in the courts as a prosecutor and as a sort of defense attorney. He even busted a conspiracy within the ranks of the senate. Catiline, who most remember as the main conspirator, didn't stand a chance. In addition to the prestige he learned from working in the courts, he lived a lavish lifestyle and had prime real estate all over the Roman empire. His vanity overtook him in such a way that he worried, in some of his letters, about finding just the right pillars for one of his houses or about not hanging a painting because it would make visitors think differently of him.

slate.com

If you were to think he was the rich writer, politician, and lawyer who didn't care much for helping those under him, you would be partially right. That, however, would be to ignore many of his surviving writings.

His letters are of a much more informal caliber but show how much he loved his family, his brother, and his daughter, Tullia. While reading a letter to his brother, Quintus, I was struck by the affection that bubbled out of this staunch politician. "For when I miss you, is it only a brother that I miss? Rather it is a brother of almost my own age in the charm of his companionship, a son in his consideration for my wishes, a father in the wisdom of his advice!". Cicero also cared a lot about his daughter. At this time in Rome, many marriages were arranged, especially in the upper classes. Cicero tried to find a reasonably well connected and overall good husband for his daughter. However, as all teenagers at some point do, she rebelled. Tullia was promiscuous, to say the least, but Cicero continued to love and support her. When she died in childbirth it destroyed Cicero. A letter to his friend Atticus reads "Next to yourself solitude is my best friend. When I am alone all my conversation is with books, but it is interrupted by fits of weeping, against which I struggle as best I can. But so far it is an unequal fight." Nothing is more human than trying to keep you mind from tragedy, but then suddenly being engulfed in the feelings that you try so hard to fight your way out of. He said as much, " Reading and writing bring me, not solace indeed, but distraction."

Cicero was also a deeply flawed man, as we all are. He could be prone to fits of passion, and ideas of conspiracy. He had his own midlife crisis too, divorcing his wife after 30 years of marriage and marrying a girl much younger. What a twenty-first century thing to do.

Dramatization of Cicero arguing against Catiline in the forum

What we remember in most of our history books is the orator, the writer, and the great politician that Cicero was. We imagine(and by "we" I do mean the history nerds among us) Cicero valiantly speaking in the Senate, trying convince his fellow senator's to act on a conspiracy brewing within their own ranks. All of this is exciting, intriguing, but ultimately unrealistic.

What is realistic is that Cicero was a great writer. Twenty centuries have passed since the death squads of Octavian cut him down and now the same form of communication that gave him acclaim has been passed to us. Our passions are the passions of Cicero. By 2020, some estimates say that smartphones will be in the hands of 6.1 Billion people. These people will not just be the very top stratum of an even more exclusive class of people. Showing that Cicero is just like any anyone made of flesh and bone shows the incredible potential than these next convening years have in store. From the printing press, to ink jets, to this webpage, the greatest minds have been waiting. We all have the power to share our thoughts and not just the upper classes of society will be listening. Our minds will be intertwined, instead of a bloody, floating isolation.

Yes, instead of this.

If anything, Cicero shows us our own potential, not the pinnacle of human thinking. Every time we tear down a brick from the pantheon that is Cicero, or any historical figure for that matter, we lay that brick down to build our own lives. We construct our purpose out of the ruins of Lincoln, George Washington, Steve Jobs, and Hemingway.

Now more than ever, we hold the ability to slowly unwind our minds onto the pages of medium.com and film our accomplishments of thought on youtube. And somehow, Cicero knew that his writings would live with us in some far away age he could never dream of. His life, and our lives will live on until the consciousness of humanity fades. That is effect of his writing, and the side-effect of his humanity.

Additional Note: If you in any way enjoyed this post I would highly recommend Mary Beard's "SPQR" which is freaking fantastic. She tears apart Roman historical accounts and with the precision of a seasoned crime scene investigator, sheds light largely unexplored portions of Roman history (like how the middle and lower class lived) rather than just glorifying Caesars military conquests and calling her account complete. Her book is what inspired me to write this brief thought.

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"The Life of the dead is placed in the memory of the living" - Marcus Tullius Cicero We don't learn from history, instead, history lives with us. This is an I idea that I chanced upon while reading Mary Beard's "SPQR".