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Kompetenzen Handlungsfeld 1: Der Mensch und sein Handeln

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Kompetenzen Handlungsfeld 1: Der Mensch und sein Handeln

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Bereich: Werte und Normen des Handelns im interkulturellen Kontext

Sachkompetenz:
SuS analysieren unterschiedliche rechtsphilosophische Ansätze zur Begründung für Eingriffe in die Freiheitsrechte der Bürger in ihren Grundgedanken und grenzen diese Ansätze voneinander ab.

Urteilskompetenz
…bewerten begründet die Tragfähigkeit der behandelten ethischen und rechts- philosophischen Ansätze zur Orientierung in gegenwärtigen gesellschaftlichen Problemlagen,
…erörtern unter Bezugnahme auf einen relativistischen bzw. universalistischen Ansatz der Ethik das Problem der universellen Geltung moralischer Maßstäbe,

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1. Vorstellung Nectome / Alcore
2. Grenzen der Wissenschaft in unserer Gesellschaft
3. Was sollte die Wissenschaft dürfen?
4. Nectome Bewertung

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Cryonics: Alcor Life Extension Foundation

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https://www.technologyreview.com/2018/03/13/144721/a-startup-is-pitching-a-mind-uploading-service-that-is-100-percent-fatal/

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The startup accelerator Y Combinator is known for supporting audacious companies in its popular three-month boot camp.

There's never been anything quite like Nectome, though.

Next week, at YC's "demo days," Nectome's cofounder, Robert McIntyre, is going to describe his technology for exquisitely preserving brains in microscopic detail using a high-tech embalming process. Then the MIT graduate will make his business pitch. As it says on his website: "What if we told you we could back up your mind?"

So yeah. Nectome is a preserve-your-brain-and-upload-it company. Its chemical solution can keep a body intact for hundreds of years, maybe thousands, as a statue of frozen glass. The idea is that someday in the future scientists will scan your bricked brain and turn it into a computer simulation. That way, someone a lot like you, though not exactly you, will smell the flowers again in a data server somewhere.

This story has a grisly twist, though. For Nectome's procedure to work, it's essential that the brain be fresh. The company says its plan is to connect people with terminal illnesses to a heart-lung machine in order to pump its mix of scientific embalming chemicals into the big carotid arteries in their necks while they are still alive (though under general anesthesia).

The company has consulted with lawyers familiar with California's two-year-old End of Life Option Act, which permits doctor-assisted suicide for terminal patients, and believes its service will be legal. The product is "100 percent fatal," says McIntyre. "That is why we are uniquely situated among the Y Combinator companies."

There's a waiting list

Brain uploading will be familiar to readers of Ray Kurzweil's books or other futurist literature. You may already be convinced that immortality as a computer program is definitely going to be a thing. Or you may think transhumanism, the umbrella term for such ideas, is just high-tech religion preying on people's fear of death.

Either way, you should pay attention to Nectome. The company has won a large federal grant and is collaborating with Edward Boyden, a top neuroscientist at MIT, and its technique just claimed an $80,000 science prize for preserving a pig's brain so well that every synapse inside it could be seen with an electron microscope.

McIntyre, a computer scientist, and his cofounder Michael McCanna have been following the tech entrepreneur's handbook with ghoulish alacrity. "The user experience will be identical to physician-assisted suicide," he says. "Product-market fit is people believing that it works."

Layers of cells and synapses of a preserved pig brain as seen through an electron microscope. Some believe mapping such a "connectome" could be used to reconstruct memories.

The Brain Preservation Foundation

Nectome's storage service is not yet for sale and may not be for several years. Also still lacking is evidence that memories can be found in dead tissue. But the company has found a way to test the market. Following the example of electric-vehicle maker Tesla, it is sizing up demand by inviting prospective customers to join a waiting list for a deposit of $10,000, fully refundable if you change your mind.

So far, 25 people have done so. One of them is Sam Altman, a 32-year-old investor who is one of the creators of the Y Combinator program. Altman tells MIT Technology Review he's pretty sure minds will be digitized in his lifetime. "I assume my brain will be uploaded to the cloud," he says.

Old idea, new approach

The brain storage business is not new. In Arizona, the Alcor Life Extension Foundation holds more than 150 bodies and heads in liquid nitrogen, including those of baseball great Ted Williams. But there's dispute over whether such cryonic techniques damage the brain, perhaps beyond repair.

So starting several years ago, McIntyre, then working with cryobiologist Greg Fahy at a company named 21st Century Medicine, developed a different method, which combines embalming with cryonics. It proved effective at preserving an entire brain to the nanometer level, including the connectome-the web of synapses that connect neurons.

A connectome map could be the basis for re-creating a particular person's consciousness, believes Ken Hayworth, a neuroscientist who is president of the Brain Preservation Foundation-the organization that, on March 13, recognized McIntyre and Fahy's work with the prize for preserving the pig brain.

There's no expectation here that the preserved tissue can be actually brought back to life, as is the hope with Alcor-style cryonics. Instead, the idea is to retrieve information that's present in the brain's anatomical layout and molecular details.

"If the brain is dead, it's like your computer is off, but that doesn't mean the information isn't there," says Hayworth.

A brain connectome is inconceivably complex; a single nerve can connect to 8,000 others, and the brain contains billions of cells. Today, imaging the connections in even a square millimeter of mouse brain is an overwhelming task. "But it may be possible in 100 years," says Hayworth. "Speaking personally, if I were a facing a terminal illness I would likely choose euthanasia by [this method]."

A human brain

The Nectome team demonstrated the seriousness of its intentions starting this January, when McIntyre, McCanna, and a pathologist they'd hired spent several weeks camped out at an Airbnb in Portland, Oregon, waiting to purchase a freshly deceased body.

In February, they obtained the corpse of an elderly woman and were able to begin preserving her brain just 2.5 hours after her death. It was the first demonstration of their technique, called aldehyde-stabilized cryopreservation, on a human brain.

Fineas Lupeiu, founder of Aeternitas, a company that arranges for people to donate their bodies to science, confirmed that he provided Nectome with the body. He did not disclose the woman's age or cause of death, or say how much he charged.

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A startup is pitching a mind-uploading service that is "100 percent fatal"

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The startup accelerator Y Combinator is known for supporting audacious companies in its popular three-month boot camp. There's never been anything quite like Nectome, though. Next week, at YC's "demo days," Nectome's cofounder, Robert McIntyre, is going to describe his technology for exquisitely preserving brains in microscopic detail using a high-tech embalming process.

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Problemfrage: Wie lässt sich Nectome moralisch bewerten?

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Problemfrage: Wie lässt sich Nectome moralisch bewerten?

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Wissenschaftsethik:

Wie weit darf Wissenschaft laut der Gesellschaft gehen?
(Wissenschaftsethiker, Gesetze, Ethik-Räte)

Sollte man diese Firma moralisch begründet stoppen?
(Auf dem Theoriewissen basierende Argumentationen der SuS)

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https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/innovation/company-will-freeze-your-dead-body-200-000-n562551

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Netflix:
Altered Carbon, Black Mirror (White Christmas, San Junipero, Rachel Jack and Ashley Too)

Filme:
Oblivion, Moon

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I interviewed Robert McIntyre the CEO of Nectome who had concerns about cryonics

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YouTube link in der Beschreibung

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Robert McIntrye is an all-around smart and interesting dude, and he's the CEO of Nectome, a startup devoted to preserving the human brain.

Last year, I wrote a summary of Robert's brain preservation talk at the Long Now Foundation. (In my post history.)

He later read it and reached out to me about discussing our thoughts. I asked if I could record it as an interview and here we are!

We talked about brain preservation, personal identity, life extension, AGI, Rick and Morty, and why he's worried about the current state of cryonics.

I wonder what Alcor and CI think of his criticisms.

Video is here: https://youtu.be/Lnk6bASp544

Timestamps below to see what topics we covered and where:

(00:28:10 is where he starts talking about his concerns with the current state of cryonics.)

Interview with Nectome CEO Robert McIntyre

Covid, moving his lab, and his new human brain banking project

00:01:54
Recommendations for spots in San Francisco

00:02:23
Danny Hillis, Connection Machine, and Jurassic Park

00:03:16
Human brain bank - storing brains donated to science

00:03:29
Preservation methods: fixation vs fixation + cryoprotection

00:04:57
Why does it take so long to preserve brains? How does brain donation work?

00:11:14
Why there may not be a good window in most cases to preserve a brain

00:18:25
Most people don't really understand they're actually going to die

00:22:58
How well can you preserve a brain under ideal circumstances?

00:23:54
Interesting surgery and implications for preservation

00:28:10
Why should we be worried about current cryonics protocols?

00:34:04
What do we know well? What type of stuff is left to learn?

00:36:20
If you were in charge of Alcor, what would you have them do differently?

00:39:11
How much do you disagree with Alcor's object-level preservation techniques?

00:41:05
Are you signed up for cryonics now?

00:43:47
What are your thoughts on personal identity?
Teletransportation paradox

00:50:42
Bike Cuck Comic
How do we differ in our thoughts on personal identity?

01:01:24
Why not just record people with your phone?

01:02:22
What is the value of other people's memories/brains?

01:08:38
Why don't you work on AI safety?

01:10:30
Do I believe a simulated person could be conscious?

01:22:28
If a copy was being tortured or you were, would you care the same way?

01:32:08
Do you have siblings?

01:32:34
How close does someone have to be to be the same?
How valuable are your memories?
Would you give up the last minute of your memory for $1000 dollars?
How much of your memories do you have to lose to be severely injured?
How much of your memories have to be lost to be considered dead?

01:42:12
Another way of framing this is by causality

01:48:28
I don't care about which "copy" is "fake" or "authentic"

01:49:00
What does being killed mean if a copy exists?

01:57:58
What pathways to flourishing are damaged and what ones are enabled?

02:02:01
You already live in a world divorced from the physical world

02:02:46
You wake up, someone tells you "While you were asleep, you were teleported?"

02:04:55
Do you think it's bad if people in cults kill themselves?

02:07:25
Philosophical problems will cease to be problems because everyone will do them
Social Media Questions Q and A
02:10:52
What do you think of Neuralink?
What makes it worth getting an invasive brain implant?
https://youtu.be/Pld8wTa16Jk
02:16:10
Do you identify as a rationalist?

02:16:18
What do you think of effective altruism?
Most of the world is "ineffective selfishness"

02:16:48
Peter Singer among others has written a lot about this.
Reminds me of that scene from Schindler's List of how much should we sacrifice for others.

02:19:40
Who do you think is the smartest person of all time?

02:21:30
Who is the most capable human to solve problems?

02:23:12
Have you done psychedelics? Are you interested in psychedelics?
Have I gotten any insights from psychedelics?
Doors of Perception altered experiences model

02:33:10
Was it hard being gay in Kansas?

2:33:58
What did your parents do?
Brothers who win the duck stamp competition
Paying his mom to teach him how to draw
Genetic differences in skill

02:38:41
Montie Adkins: What about memory limits over hundreds of years and possible augmentation?

02:43:13
DJ Grossman: Knowing what you know about the current state of research in brain and memory science, what are your expectations of those preserved now?

02:45:45
When do you think we'll develop AGI?

02:48:15
Are you optimistic about the future?

02:48:25
Do you like Rick and Morty?

I later realized he was talking about this professor who has a great talk about how to speak:
https://youtu.be/Unzc731iCUY
02:52:44
Have you talked to your parents about preserving their brains?

02:53:29
If my parents died in five years, would you be ready to preserve their brains?

02:59:26
Why do you value your own memories over others?

03:04:46
If there was a lifeboat or spaceship, you would still prefer yourself on there rather than a stranger, right?

03:05:39
Why do you care about preserving your own memories vs someone else's?

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I interviewed Robert McIntyre the CEO of Nectome who had concerns about cryonics

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Robert McIntrye is an all-around smart and interesting dude, and he's the CEO of Nectome, a startup devoted to preserving the human brain. Last year, I wrote a summary of Robert's brain preservation talk at the Long Now Foundation. (In my post history.) He later read it and reached out to me about discussing our thoughts.

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I interviewed Robert McIntyre the CEO of Nectome who had concerns about cryonics from cryonics