# data[].attributes.body
A reason as to why student might be unprepared could come from text complexity and greater discipline literacy demands

Literacy demands in college and different from highschool and even though the task or readinga might be similar they are actually more complex

Many students don’t actually know their academic performance and go off their perceived ability

Giving students more empowering, authentic, and independent experiences before college can help make a transition easier

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Genetic factors do not operate off of environmental factors but more off of genetic differences

Set back should be seen as learning tools instead of limitation

Intelligence represents a set of competencies in development

You can’t truly measure someone's true intelligence because it always growing

A child’s development comes from the environment that requires it

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Writing is more of a word by word process that can lead you to more information

To read like a writer you want to have a purpose with it in mind which can be to identify or even understand choices

You are reading more to learn about writing and see the process of how it was out together and not for content to better understand certain ideas

One good way to think about is to read like an architect, reading to learn how to build from seeing how it was constructed

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1. Writing is thinking so you must be willing to unlearn some of the old ways/things to relearn the new

2. Writing should move beyond it's limited conception and show more meanings attitudes and even questions

3. What we write shouldn't/t be for the teacher or even for the grade but to make pathways that could lead to knowledge

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1. Need to unlearn rules that were taught through out high school because they limit freedom

2. shows major differences between college/universities and high school

3. Shows and encourages critical thinking and writing and new structure entirely

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1. The rules that we learned through out primary and secondary school aren't purposeless because it helps shape and guard bad excesses that any writer regardless of age faces

2. Students are being asked to choose with out considering key parts such as audience and purpose

3. writing is complicated and there are different choices that need to be made depending on what is needed

4. Colleges need to better communicate what really happens in and out of the classes to really help schools prepare

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No one believes that that the highschool way of reading and writing especially the structure is important or even essential and used throughout university/college

When people don't know how to properly read or are good at it leads to poor writing

Students don’t really understand that there are differences in writing expectations for different disciplines

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There is more than a “black or white” side or thought to a conversation

Scholarly conversations are wide ranging and are more complex and they never really end

It's good to try and not judge anyone or their conversations and opinions about it until you are more familiar with the larger conversation

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-our wtiting styles have already been altered from our old k-12 learning

-the way we have been used to limiting words in order to make out writing sound better has not let us be creative

-there isnt a lot of communication between professors and students and what they expect in college level writing

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-college writing is writing that you create and that you make out of your own words -high school writing is following a format and rules

-there is a lot of critical thinking that goes into college writing and that is needed because there isnt a set structure for students to follow in college

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students need to learn how to leave their old habits behind

you need to take risks when creating your writing

writing is a lot more analytical and thinking than we were taught

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1. AI has changed the learning process for students in a negative way

2. There are more cons than pros, including not actually learning the provided material.

3. Improvement can come from ones own processes.

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How any form of communication now that provides implications of one's knowledge can be considered as a scholarship.

The scholarship of conversations is something that is considered a form of conversation that shows a claim or a point.

The forms of communication have significantly changed throughout the years.

These new forms of communication can change a lot in how we talk about things. These conversations are never-ending and can and will continue to grow throughout our lifetime.

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How college students are underprepared for how much reading needs to be done in college.

How around 80% of the work completed in college will require some form of writing.

College students don't have the strategies and skills that should've been taught and they now struggle in college.

Graduated students in college also don't have reading skills that they should have even after they have gone through college.

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The form of writing has changed drastically throughout the years and these new forms come with bigger outcomes.

The media is significantly impacting the way that the general population views and sees things.

The way that writing has drastically changed and even in our education is something that will change our future.

There needs to be a better understanding of the importance of reading and how it can impact us, and future generations.

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Some college students believe that reading is not important.

Some see reading as a hassle and don't believe it is necessary and can do well without it

A majority of college students do not even do any of the readings for their assignments, and they tend to skim the readings and not actually do them.

There needs to be better teaching skills directed towards students to help them succeed in academic writing.

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1. Using writing as a way to find better ways to write academically

2. There is so many thing you can learn from writing as there are so many different types.

3. We have to focus on unlearning things from the focus.

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The different studies that have been provided how they test those with intelligence and how these outcomes didn’t necessarily prove their intelligence.

Intelligence isn’t necessarily something that is given to someone at birth and is something that only we can improve.

Overall our hard work into what we do will get us into the life we want to have.

Studies on young kids and development and how they have grown in different socioeconomic areas and the impact this has on their education

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1. High school teachers expect two completely different things compared to college professors.

2. Critical thinking is one of the things introduced by universities in order to gain skill.

3. University helped people become more creative with their writing due to the freedom given.

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1. Preparation for college looks different but the usage of high school rules is unavoidable.

2. College writing is not introduced enough in k-12 education.

3. Word limitations created barriars for students

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Can we really use AI in writing is an interesting question. In my opinion, it actually depends on the way we use it. For me, I will use it in some words advanced, but some of my friends, they use AI to help them brainstorming. I think both these ways are fine. However, we can just treat these answers as suggestions instead use it directly.

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Writing has the ability to improve (or worsen) the writer during the process. Using AI to write removes the process, which removes the mental impact it has on the "writer."

Ai writing removes originality and creativity (homogenization)

considering that AI is become very involved in daily life, educators should teach how to use Ai responsibly so that it won' damage students and so that student's won't abuse its power.

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We have to be more academic and serious in writing. As college students, we have to follow some serious rules when we are reading, and writing. To reach this, we can look through the writing navigation given by our teacher, this is very important.

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The importance of understanding literacy and how learning the difference of literacy can positively improve your writing and reading skills.

When people start college with others coming from different educational backgrounds it is important to note that due to this. Everyone was taught differently and learned different material.

Critical literacy is one of the many literacy kinds, and it is important to understand.

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The idea that a scholarship is also sharing knowledge with peers and students. ]

It is important to educate yourself on different meanings in order to better your “conversations”.

Adapting to differences

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If we want to write a good essay, we have to use mostly our own words, instead of just listening to teachers’.  Of course we can reference others’ words and ideas, but we have to think in our own ways.

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The difference between college and high school writers.

Attempting to explain how teachers are in charge of ensuring students gain knowledge regarding their course work.

Expectations are really different from highschool. From the ways you study to rules given.

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Technology has impacted writing and reading dramatically. Some may think positively.

Computers made writing more efficient and practical.

New sources also expanded on English writing and reading. Just like social media.

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1.University students must have abilities on critical thinking, or at least they can be critical when reading a journal, this will help them to understand some complicated journals.

2.We have to think and treat our writing in a positive way, which means seriously, use our own methods to do it, with our understanding, and we can use advice given by teachers.

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Academic writing is not viewed as efficient nor beneficial.

A lot of students only read in order to get a good grade in the class but not to actually learn.

Another valuable argument is how writing skills should not end. I think we all deserve to be taught more just like we do in math. As we get older we require more assistance regarding each subject, including english,

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Shenk used psychology to give examples in regards to education and children at an early age. He does this as a way to ensure people realize that this is an actual issue. He also references psychologists to prove his claims.

Shenk speaks about tests and how controversial it can be. Especially if tests determine if you are intelligent or not. An example of this was IQ exams.

An important point also made was the influence speaking and reading to children have during their early stages of education. As a way to expand their creativity and knowledge.

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The author using personal anecdotes made the reading more interesting. An example of this is when he explained his time attempting to read while working at a Palace Theatre.

The relation the author had while reading understanding that all authors have a purpose. That includes words chosen, the structure and overall the entire book.

“You are reading to learn about writing” was a great statement. We have to remind ourselves to read with a purpose in order to gather valuable information

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The first important claim/topic mentioned was how professors notice the weaknesses and strengths within their students. This is important because being given feedback can improve one’s writing tremendously. Making the same mistakes over and over again is a real issue. Especially when you are unaware.

Professors realize that students oftentimes will only get the assignment done in order to complete it and not necessarily learn. It was mentioned how students will complete an essay the night or day of the due date regarding an English assignment. And how students should be aware that that does more damage than good.

A great point was valuing and acknowledging all types of writing. In a way that includes, “college writing. But bringing up this topic was great.

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How professors see college writing coming from college professors.

All the different kinds of ways that writing differs from college and how it can depend.

Summaries on each writing topic covered and how they help implement good writing techniques.

Ways to help with citations and other things such as disciplinary infractions.

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How to better help those who want to improve their reading and writing better understand the ways they can do so by incorporating specific techniques when they read?

Different questions you need to ask yourself before beginning to read and how they can better help you understand the readings you do.

You are not alone in learning how to better your writing overall it will take time and there are many things you have to learn and incorporate before beginning to see improvements.

The opinions of other college students who have newly also just learned how to better their writing and how they have ended up taking the advice.

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How the usage of institutional literacies, critical literacies, traditional literacies, and academic literacies all influence the way students will read and write.

The emphasis is that all of these techniques need to be shown and taught to help students for their academic success.

The overall article is a sort of guide that can help instructors view the different types of techniques and support needed for students to succeed. Along with this it also provides a way for them to look at the lists provided in each topic.

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most changes suggest not having a set structure for every essay because it always varies on topic and audience

college writing is done by writing in your own appropriate style while high school writing is done by writing how you are told to write

the intro in college should be specific, while in high school it tends to be broad

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originality and creativity aren't necessarily promoted in high school writing

high school writing focuses more on what the students know about given readings and doesn't encourage "thinking"

students should write not for their teachers' grades, but for their own intellectual improvement

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there are structures built into our writing by early education that shouldn't be transferred into college

teachers declaring a word "dead" and unusable creates a writing that is only meant to please that specific teacher

students write to sound "smart" rather than writing with a purpose

guidelines and goals create "rules" specific only to the directed audience and for the specified purpose of the writing

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AI will be a significant part of our future but we can't let it ruin students writing.

-AI should be used to assist writers but not to rely on and gather information from

-AI causes significant damage to our education system. It has been able to replace a lot of small writing jobs that we used to replace

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Scholarly conversations are more wide-ranging and unwieldy than a simple binary, and never end

Coming to a conclusion prior to a conversation is a bad thing due to confirmation bias

It is important to listen to other’s perspectives

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One of the reasons students struggle with academic reading in college is due to increase in text complexity

Sometimes students are given too much scaffolding when given a task, so given more independence to them would be more helpful so they learn alongside the scaffolding

Students need to understand the components of a text that make a text complex

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Reading tended to produce feelings of intimacy and warmth, while writing was associated with unpleasantness

without research or a planned curriculum, composition was a primary identification as a rudimentary skill and predominant in the testing of students (around the time of WWI)

writing became a phenomenon to be measured during the 20th century

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one of the most unopposed statements that students agree on is that reading is important

students were divided by their confidence in their reading skills taught by pre-college education

some students say that assigned readings had limited purpose

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children’s educational development start before they’re 3 years old

differences in household income affect the number of words children hear a day, which affects their intellect

it is not just genetics, but environmental factors, too, that affect children development

encouraging feedback improves child development better than discouragement

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high school writing limits students’ thoughts

high school students write only to please their teachers instead of writing to improve

high school writing to students is a task that just needs to be depth with and passed instead of a training to better themselves in a skill

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consider the choices and techniques the author of the writing you’re reading used and then decide if they can be used in your own writing

when reading and writing, keep in mind the purpose for writing and the audience for the writing

keep in mind the genre of your writing (as well as other factors such as audience and purpose) to determine the type of language you will write with

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Students need to learn how to find meaning in texts, create their own ideas to explore, and understand motives behind a text

Students need “traditional literacy” skills like grammar and punctuation and spelling, but they also need “academic literacy” skills like writing for different genres and researching for the specific genres

Education should incorporate a system where students watch a lecture at home and then work hands-on during in person class time in order to build experience and practice

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1: the relationship between literacy and reality, This article tells us that we should look at literacy from a broader perspective than just reading and writing. It includes some conical practices and all aspects of life.

2: learn about college life, The article emphasizes that teaching students should uphold “institutional literacy” and that professors should do more to help students understand how universities work, including their rules and structures. Because the professor should not be the role to embarrass the students, but should be the mentor to help them better improve themselves.

3: critical thinking, The article emphasizes the improtances of critical thinking, which tells students that they should think deeply about the text, question what they read, treat everything as if it were known for the frist time, try to understand it on a deeper level.

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1: scholarship is an ongoing conversation with a constant stream of people, which underscores the need for ongoing discussion and the development of academic understanding.

2: digital platforms have expanded the scope and inclusivity of academic dialogue, allowing diverse voices to participate in the discussion

3: critical analysis from different perspectives and enhanced academic dialogue are essential.

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1: the diversity and complexity of college writing class , and the student who in the college is unprepared

2: she point out the strategic learning and metacognitive strategies are essential for navigating academic literacy

3: Educators need to develop instructional methods that are different from traditional reading and writing, and it needs to include more critical analysis.

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1. Digital technology transformation: the computers and the internet has fundamentally transformed writing, creating new forms of writing that extend traditional pen and paper

2. New educational models: educators must develop courses material  that include digital literature to help students for better learning.

3. Writing has been underrate in history: from the historical perspective, writing has always been underestimate compared to reading, due to people feel writing is just tell people your thoughts.

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1. College students’ learning motivation is related to their grades: The article suggests that college students read academic articles mainly to obtain information needed for exams, rather than to understand the ideas.

2. useless reading assignment: students often think that reading assignments are ineffective, that if the professor does not require mandatory reading, they will most likely not read, and that they are too long and complex to be enjoyed by students.

3. Professor need to clarify the need for reading instruction: most of instruction in college courses is often overlooked by teachers who assume that students acquire these skills before they go to college

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The way on how we read or even write in this day and age is completely different that before

While many were looking at how famous authors learned to write and their processes a special few were looking at how the students were writing and their own practices and steps

We think that skills like complex thinking or others develop with new beginning skills when in reality it's morof a lifelong practice

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1:The importance of learning words at an early age He mentions that, children from wealthy families heard more than 32 million more words than children from poor families

2:Genes are not only factors that determine a child's cognitive outcomes, instead  they interact with environmental influences. This further proves the importance of parents providing a learning environment for their children at an early age

3:Intelligence is not a fixed or universal trait, which challenges traditional views of intelligence

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1:Learn how to write from reading, reading an article is like a carpenter learning how to build a house. There a re many points worth learning in a good article

2:The importance of having a goal to read, when you begin to learn how to read, you should choose a style of writing that you enjoy and that will help you learn better.

3:To learn how to write through reflection and questioning，the author encourages us to apply the skills learned in reading to writing, and we should always think about why we should do this, so it can help us write a better essay.

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1: The transition from high school to college writing is well established, and college professors are graded differently than high school teachers

2: The structured form of writing learned in high school may conflict with the writing expected by college professors.

3: University faculty encourage students to break away from rigid writing frameworks and promote creative and critical thinking writing

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1: The transition from high school to college writing is well established, and college professors are graded differently than high school teachers

2: The structured form of writing learned in high school may conflict with the writing expected by college professors.

3: University faculty encourage students to break away from rigid writing frameworks and promote creative and critical thinking writing

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1. AI doesn't really challenge cognitive processes the same way regular writing does

2. the importance of writing and thinking can help develop intellectual development and higher order reasoning

3. AI is getting so big and applied so much in our generation it's best to try and integrate it in and let it help than push it away and lt the negative results keep getting higher

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1: Students should use writing to think deeply.

2: Writing should be seen as a way of discovery, to explore your own mind

3: Students can blaze new trails in their writing and reading thought processes

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Miller and Schulz bring emphasis to how crucial writing is even outside of a classroom.

Miller and Schulz also shed light on this idea that while teaching writing, accommodations are a necessity for success

the combination of traditional and contemporary literacies is more crucial now than it has ever been. We live in a new age of technology that advances everyday, and has become so prominent in everyone's lives.

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1: Using AI for everyday school assignments could be a future challenge, and submitting unmodified AI assignments won't help students.

2: Because the heavy use of AI writing may lead to writing styles that become more and more like others, and eventually evolve into everyone's AI style.

3: Ai writing tools can improve efficiency, but not replace human writing.

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1: High school writing rules can limit creative expression in college writing.

2: High school writing requires strict adherence to a structured format, such as five paragraphs.

3: College writing allows for greater creative freedom and a greater need for your own ideas

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Being able to discern what a scholarly conversation is is crucial to understanding how they work.

The focal point of scholarly conversations seem to circulate around the conceptions that are treated with facts, and strong emotions.

Scholarly conversation fueled by emotion and fact, genuine curiosity and an intrigue for simply “knowing”.

Scholarly Conversations presents the opening for argument, but doesn’t entail that there’s some kind of scale that varies one person’s argument from anothers’ as “good” or “bad”, or “right” or “wrong”.

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students are responsible for their own work

college is very independent

academic literacy is a social practice

college and high school writing are drastically different

college writing challenges high school writing concepts

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1: The structure of writing required by high school teachers deprives students of creativity, but it is not the only or always correct way to write.

2: College writing is not adequately prepared in early education, which can leave freshmen unprepared.

3: High school writing guides can mislead students into prioritizing words over the substance and expression of an argument.

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The idea that a ‘call to action’ needs to occur in order to really motivate a creative spark in students while writing, promotes this sort of freedom for students to explore which, in turn, gives them these endless opportunities for the future.

Society has focussed on children as readers because, historically speaking, its been much more interested in children as receptors than as producers of the written world

writing is now apart of everyday culture, texting, blogging, posting, emailing, etc.

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1: The structure of writing required by high school teachers deprives students of creativity, but it is not the only or always correct way to write.

2: College writing is not adequately prepared in early education, which can leave freshmen unprepared.

3: High school writing guides can mislead students into prioritizing words over the substance and expression of an argument.

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students think writing assignments are irrelevant

students also believe they can get away with doing the bare minimum and still succeeding

the idea that academic reading is a continuum.

On one end, you have students who are, “Limited in subject knowledge and academic reading ability,”  M, Gorzycki. et.al.(2019) whereas the opposite end entails that, “Expert academic readers possess more knowledge about a given subject.”

(students can move at any point on this continuum)

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early childhood development

learning impacts at ages earlier than 3

environment a child in can be the cause for the later academic success or downfall

children develop only as the environment demands development

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reading like a writer

internalizing the authors work and taking in every word as your own can, in turn, help you become a better writer

you can get a lot of influence from other writers which would also improve you're writing skills

how a text make you feel is crucial

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faculty responses and discussion of first year writers in college

the difference how students interact with their work in high school as opposed to college

taking intellectual risks and making sure you understand the work as opposed to simply 'doing it for the grade'

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differences in expectations between high school and college

structure is completely different

high school is more restricting

college writing isn't all about the 'rules' it's more about having a real and deep understanding of the text

college writing is more difficult because there isn't the guideline to go off of anymore, you have to genuinely understand and have insight on the text you read

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Deprograming what you learned in high school and making room for new ideas and allowing yourself to truly understand the text and relate to it or what have you, as opposed to worrying about the assignment

limiting words doesn't make students more creative or better writers, it simply makes them 'afraid' of stepping out side of their comfort zone

Rules surround writing aren't what makes a good writer, there needs to be better communication between secondary school students and their teachers, these 'rules' aren't necessary for a students future and can instead set them back.

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"writing is thinking" is emphasized by Strong, by which you are developing new ideas and processing them as you write

Writing should be for the purpose of the audience and not for a grade

The goal is to get something out of writing as opposed to simply going to class and doing the work

taking risks

being creative

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AI is a tool that, in turn, doesn't challenge cognative processes

When you let AI take over one part of the writing process, there is a major loss to the personalization and intimacy of the paper

Because AI is already becoming such a big ordeal in our classrooms, we'll have to find a way to integrate in teachings and assignments in a way that doesn't put ones cognitive process at risk

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High school students are not developing reading comprehension in school that helps them actually understand and visualize what the underlying reasons and meanings are in one text. the curriculum is preventing them to actually take time to think about how the different texts share different meanings and ideas.

How to be a university writer which wants you to take risks, freedom, be able to learn and unlearn material

It isn't like high school, where you are writing to write but in college you are writing to learn or teach something

Your writing to have a voice rather than for a grade.

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Relying on the rules given in high school will limit your creative writing freedom in college.

In high school, there was a strict formatting in the way the students wrote and they had to follow a rubric with more structure like topic sentences, conclusions, and 3 body paragraphs.

In college, there is more room for creativity in writing. As long as you have good analysis and evidence then your essay follows the rubric.

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Varying perspectives view AI as a generative tool that creates a barrier between the writer and their writing process, which negatively effects their improvement in literacy

Students lose academic integrity alongside their guide to stronger learning, especially through research since the dependance has shifted to something artificial

These systems are increasingly becoming apart of students lives and many need to be aware of the consequences on writing

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There is a constant cycle among students between unlearning various rules that were taught in high school, especially considering the differing university expectations in literacy

There is less of a demand for structure among university writing and most of it depends on the writing process and what it is trying to achieve

Within higher level education, a constant approach surrounds critical thinking, analysis, and a disregard for formulas or repetition

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In oppose to most writing curriculum, students should view writing as an opportunity to think beyond the surface

Writing is a discovery in itself and it should be used as such, especially in a college setting where students have the freedom to do so

By willing to take risks, students are able to introduce a different course of thinking and exploration in literacy

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Students have to deal abandoning various skills that were reinforced through constant practice in high school, for most to be unhelpful in higher education

High school set a standard for writing that was easy for students to adapt and learn from, however these also constricted their creativity and writing creativity

Guidelines and rules in writing only further create a vague writing process within students, which by some standards, are later abandoned by experienced writers

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They spend the first semester deprogramming beliefs and values learned by students in high school

The lack of communication between professors to teachers of what they expect students to learn in high school.

How high school "dead words" and rules were to give shape but should not apply in college

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1. The expectations of high school writing and college writing are different.

2. Students were limited in rules and guidelines that prevented them from becoming better writers.

3. College-level writing expects students to have to ability to creatively express their thoughts and be critical in reading.

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High school essays often follows a rigid 5 paragraph structure whiles university expertcts a more creative approach which is true for many other aspects of writing.

Highschool writing requires many unnecessary structure requirements that are not expected of students in college and further on.

There should be more of a connect between college and high school writing as the current highschool curriculum is completely misguiding students on the expectation of their writing.

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AI with sources - AI will not be able to help you pull sources or conduct research to a specific topic you are writing based on.

AI and learning process - AI does not help you learn or think about anything you are supposed to be learning. Conducting your own research based on your writing without AI will help you with your learning process and be more beneficial.

AI is just unique words - AI fills a writing piece with just more unique and sophisticated words. It isn't challenging to writers because it is quite literally the same writing a writer could do just with more words of expertise.

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There are so many things going on throughout university that students can sometimes be overwhelmed with all the protocols and things going on.

people aren’t made to know how to think and act or even communicate in a university/college setting, they are taught that through their literacies which need a wide range

Students need to think deeply about how language is used or even manipulated in different way and a way to do that is to make it unfamiliar or even new to see it in a different view

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1. Writing is thinking. The process of writing would open up new ideas, and improve the ability to better organize and articulate our thoughts.

2. In order to be a better college writer, students need to obtain the ability to unlearn and relearn what they used to do.

3. Students must consider the purpose and situation of the writing, and focus on writing for the audience instead of writing for academic success.

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Students may read to get information that they think they will get tested on instead of reading to learn or gain from

Many faculty expect or think their students to know academic reading and how to do it with some not trying to teach it because they don’t know how, aren’t qualified, or think it isn’t worth doing it.

Attitudes towards academic reading is possibly influenced through the students own reading skills or habits

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Multiple literacies - students need multiple literacies that cover academic literacies as a whole, subject literacies, etc. there is no broad literacy that will cover everything a student will need in university. But with access with online literacies the scope is more spread out now with more access to resources.

Implementation - students should implement what they learn. I believe this is true because in my experience. Implementing what I have learned in my work is the most important thing about learning.

Critical capacity - students need critical capacity to grasp everything being taught at a university. I agree with this because in all readings I do or research I do, I always need a critical eye to observe and learn everything.

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Scholarship is to honor - the idea of scholarship is to honor and share value to a specific topic you carry knowledge on.

Development of the internet - how the internet is the greatest development in our generation because it offers such great information when used correctly. But it always extends a platform for many to share their ideas and voices.

Confirmation bias - when your mind is already made up about a topic without fully understanding all sides and information about a specific topic. It creates this full mind that isn't open to learning more or even the correct conclusion.

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patty encourages students to view writing as something that is not restricted to school assignments, but as a way to improve on their writing skill that can benefit them in the long run.

Students should not just do their writing assignments thoughtlessly but use it fully to improve on their writing by keeping themselves actively thinking about the things that they write about.

Strong also encourages students to be creative about their writing instead of just following the rules strictly.

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Struggling reading - in the article it says “it is important for readers to experience a context where struggling with text “is honored and valued part of learning”. I find this interesting because in the article it wants to bring better education around texts that are difficult whereas this says it is valued to struggle reading.

80% of college-level tasks involve reading - this is interesting because I grew up knowing reading is the base of everything and this proves the idea that reading is in almost every task no matter the subject or grade school.

Goal to help students - This goal is interesting to help students with their academic literacy but I wonder if they knew students struggled with comprehension, why didn't they start helping the students with academic literacy sooner?

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Reading was a pleasure whereas writing was painful - this is an interesting statement because I always knew writing could be used to be therapeutic but did think of it as painful whereas reading for me was used as an escape from reality.

Oral assessments were unfair - I believe this is accurate. I like how they changed the oral assessments on paper because I find that for myself, I always felt hatred towards oral assessments rather than paper assessments and it reflected in my ability to perform.

Society values knowledge rather than cool stuff - I think this is true. Anyone could have a new car, new cool stuff but not everyone could get a valuable education.

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Students will do bare minimum for a passing grade - I believe this is accurate, because many undergraduates don’t want to spend the time and attention on a quality project rather just get a passing grade since it's good enough for them.

Academic reading is developmental - this is accurate, because there is not a point to reach for reading but rather a process that can always be developed.

Integrating new knowledge for the purpose of creating new knowledge in discrete strategies - this is interesting because the discrete strategies made me wonder why they wanted to be hiding these inputs.

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Intelligence is full of competencies

Own abilities are malleable -rather than fixed from birth

Intelligence is a dynamic, diffuse, and ongoing process and it is different for everyone in different ways

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We read to learn how to write

Your reactions to readings will determine the questions you ask

Knowing what you'll be writing yourself can help you prioritize.

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Writing is not the same for everyone

College writing is far different than high school writing

The 5 paragraph format; 3 body, introduction, and conclusion is not realistic in university writing

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In the transition from highschool to college, students often find themselves arriving at college trying to meet college standards with the rigid high school structure for writing

The things taught in high school writing classes are massively different and sometimes even the opposite of the things that are wanted in college.

Highshcools should do a better job at connecting students to the college level of writing, and provide a smooth transition for students when they go on to pursue their higher education.

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1. There is a huge disconnect between high school writing and college writing, and students are often stuck by this huge gap.

2. Most of the students were forced to write with limitations and use a variety of words while didn't know the purposes.

3. Those limitations, rules, and misleading in high school affect students so much that they can't be creative and meet college-level writing.