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 tightened restrictions on foreign-born Americans and limited speech critical of the government.

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 tightened restrictions on foreign-born Americans and limited speech critical of the government.

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the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.

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the Kentucky and Virginia legislatures took the position that the federal Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional.

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he Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was an agreement among the 13 colonies 

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he Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union was an agreement among the 13 colonies 

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The President, Directors and Company of the Bank of the United States, commonly known as the First Bank of the United States, was a national bank

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The President, Directors and Company of the Bank of the United States, commonly known as the First Bank of the United States, was a national bank

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The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

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The United States Bill of Rights comprises the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

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The Boston Tea Party was an American political and mercantile protest

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The Boston Tea Party was an American political and mercantile protest

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 Common Sense outlined the need for American independence. written by paine 

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 Common Sense outlined the need for American independence. written by paine 

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The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States

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The Constitution of the United States is the supreme law of the United States

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 a legal instrument that bound the Pilgrims together when they arrived in New England.

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 a legal instrument that bound the Pilgrims together when they arrived in New England.

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The First Great Awakening was a period when spirituality and religious devotion were revived

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The French and Indian War was a theater of the Seven Years' War, which pitted the North American colonies of the British Empire against those of the French, each side being supported by various Native American tribes.

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The Stamp Act Congress passed a "Declaration of Rights and Grievances," which claimed that American colonists were equal to all other British citizens, protested taxation without representation, and stated that, without colonial representation in Parliament, Parliament could not tax colonists.

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An act of parliament, as a form of primary legislation, is a text of law passed by the legislative body of a jurisdiction

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convened in Carpenters' Hall in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, between September 5 and October 26, 1774. Delegates from twelve of Britain's thirteen American colonies met to discuss America's future under growing British aggression.

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The Declaration of Independence, formally titled The unanimous Declaration of the thirteen united States of America, is the founding document of the United States.

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An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, generally referred to by its shortened title The Wealth of Nations, is the magnum opus of the Scottish economist and moral philosopher Adam Smith.

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A violent insurrection in the Massachusetts countryside during 1786 and 1787, Shays' Rebellion was brought about by a monetary debt crisis at the end of the American Revolutionary War.

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The Great Compromise, the Three-Fifths Compromise, and the Electoral College.

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The Northwest Ordinance established clear processes for acquiring, settling and organizing western lands, while legitimizing the powers of the United States government.

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The Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia met between May and September of 1787 to address the problems of the weak central government that existed under the Articles of Confederation.

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A collection of 85 articles and essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay under the collective pseudonym "Publius" to promote the ratification of the Constitution of the United States.

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A violent tax protest in the United States began in 1791 and ending in 1794 during the presidency of George Washington.

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A letter written by President George Washington as a valedictory to "friends and fellow-citizens" after 20 years of public service to the United States. He wrote it near the end of the second term of his presidency before retiring to his home at Mount Vernon in Virginia.

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Thomas Jefferson defeated John Adams in the presidential election by an electoral vote of seventy-three to sixty-five.

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The Supreme Court of the United States from 1801 to 1835, when John Marshall served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States.

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A landmark U.S. Supreme Court case established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws and statutes they find to violate the Constitution of the United States.

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Fought by the United States and its indigenous allies against the United Kingdom and its indigenous allies in British North America, with limited participation by Spain in Florida. It began when the United States declared war on 18 June 1812.

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An intellectual and philosophical movement that occurred in Europe, especially Western Europe, in the 17th and 18th centuries, with global influences and effects.