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Philosophy has to be enquiring; it can take nothing on faith, and its methods are based not on the blind acceptance of authority, but on establishing truths by reason and argument.

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Philosophy has to be enquiring; it can take nothing on faith, and its methods are based not on the blind acceptance of authority, but on establishing truths by reason and argument.

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Julian Baggini

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Policy makers, like most people, normally feel that they already know all the psychology and all the sociology they are likely to need for their decisions. I don’t think they are right, but that’s the way it is.

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Policy makers, like most people, normally feel that they already know all the psychology and all the sociology they are likely to need for their decisions. I don’t think they are right, but that’s the way it is.

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Daniel Kahneman

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Philosophy and Art both render the invisible visible by imagination.

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Philosophy and Art both render the invisible visible by imagination.

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George Henry Lewes

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In fact, it is Shakespeare who gives us the map of the mind. It is Shakespeare who invents Freudian Psychology. Freud finds ways of translating it into supposedly analytical vocabulary.

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In fact, it is Shakespeare who gives us the map of the mind. It is Shakespeare who invents Freudian Psychology. Freud finds ways of translating it into supposedly analytical vocabulary.

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Harold Bloom

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Generally speaking, the errors in religion are dangerous; those in philosophy only ridiculous.

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Generally speaking, the errors in religion are dangerous; those in philosophy only ridiculous.

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David Hume

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Sociology is the science with the greatest number of methods and the least results.

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Sociology is the science with the greatest number of methods and the least results.

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Henri Poincare

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The creative act is not pure. History evidences it. Ideology demands it. Sociology exacts it.

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The creative act is not pure. History evidences it. Ideology demands it. Sociology exacts it.

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Nadine Gordimer

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Psychology keeps trying to vindicate human nature. History keeps undermining the effort.

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Psychology keeps trying to vindicate human nature. History keeps undermining the effort.

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Mason Cooley

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Neither the life of an individual nor the history of a society can be understood without understanding both.

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Neither the life of an individual nor the history of a society can be understood without understanding both.

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C. Wright Mills

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Why are we here? Where do we come from? Traditionally, these are questions for philosophy, but philosophy is dead.

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Why are we here? Where do we come from? Traditionally, these are questions for philosophy, but philosophy is dead.

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Stephen Hawking

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Evolution is an indispensable component of any satisfying explanation of our psychology.

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Evolution is an indispensable component of any satisfying explanation of our psychology.

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Steven Pinker

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Science gives us knowledge, but only philosophy can give us wisdom.

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Science gives us knowledge, but only philosophy can give us wisdom.

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Will Durant

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History is, strictly speaking, the study of questions; the study of answers belongs to anthropology and sociology.

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History is, strictly speaking, the study of questions; the study of answers belongs to anthropology and sociology.

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W. H. Auden

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If it's far away, it's news, but if it's close at home, it's sociology.

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If it's far away, it's news, but if it's close at home, it's sociology.

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James Reston

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If the nineteenth century was the age of the editorial chair, ours is the century of psychiatrists couch.

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If the nineteenth century was the age of the editorial chair, ours is the century of psychiatrists couch.

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Marshall McLuhan

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The philosophy behind much advertising is based on the old observation that every man is really two men – the man he is and the man he wants to be.

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The philosophy behind much advertising is based on the old observation that every man is really two men – the man he is and the man he wants to be.

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William Feather

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Philosophy is common sense with big words.

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Philosophy is common sense with big words.

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James Madison

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Philosophy is a battle against the bewitchment of our intelligence by means of language.

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Philosophy is a battle against the bewitchment of our intelligence by means of language.

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Ludwig Wittgenstein

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A novel is never anything, but a philosophy put into images.

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A novel is never anything, but a philosophy put into images.

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Jim Rohn

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Anthropology demands the open-mindedness with which one must look and listen, record in astonishment and wonder that which one would not have been able to guess.

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Anthropology demands the open-mindedness with which one must look and listen, record in astonishment and wonder that which one would not have been able to guess.

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Margaret Mead

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My role in society, or any artist’s or poet’s role, is to try and express what we all feel. Not to tell people how to feel. Not as a preacher, not as a leader, but as a reflection of us all.

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My role in society, or any artist’s or poet’s role, is to try and express what we all feel. Not to tell people how to feel. Not as a preacher, not as a leader, but as a reflection of us all.

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John Lennon

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The task for sociology is to come to the help of the individual. We have to be in service of freedom. It is something we have lost sight of.

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The task for sociology is to come to the help of the individual. We have to be in service of freedom. It is something we have lost sight of.

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Zygmunt Bauman

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‘Freedom from fear’ could be said to sum up the whole philosophy of human rights.

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‘Freedom from fear’ could be said to sum up the whole philosophy of human rights.

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Dag Hammarskjold

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To educate a man in mind and not in morals is to educate a menace to society.

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To educate a man in mind and not in morals is to educate a menace to society.

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Theodore Roosevelt

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Where there is politics or economics, there is no morality.

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Where there is politics or economics, there is no morality.

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Karl Wilhelm Friedrich Schlegel

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The purpose of anthropology is to make the world safe for human differences.

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The purpose of anthropology is to make the world safe for human differences.

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Ruth Benedict

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My students often ask me, 'What is Sociology?'. And I tell them, 'It's the study of the way which human beings are shaped by things that they don't see.

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My students often ask me, 'What is Sociology?'. And I tell them, 'It's the study of the way which human beings are shaped by things that they don't see.

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Sam Richards

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The purpose of psychology is to give us a completely different idea of the things we know best.

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The purpose of psychology is to give us a completely different idea of the things we know best.

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Paul Valery

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The true function of philosophy is to educate us in the principles of reasoning and not to put an end to further reasoning by the introduction of fixed conclusions.

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The true function of philosophy is to educate us in the principles of reasoning and not to put an end to further reasoning by the introduction of fixed conclusions.

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George Henry Lewes

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Economics is uncertain because its fundamental subject matter is not money but human action. That’s why economics is not the dismal science, it’s no science at all.

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Economics is uncertain because its fundamental subject matter is not money but human action. That’s why economics is not the dismal science, it’s no science at all.

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Julian Baggini

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Like all science, psychology is knowledge; and like science again, it is knowledge of a definite thing, the mind.

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Like all science, psychology is knowledge; and like science again, it is knowledge of a definite thing, the mind.

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James Mark Baldwin

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Philosophy is not a theory but an activity.

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Philosophy is not a theory but an activity.

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Ludwig Wittgenstein

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Wonder is the feeling of the philosopher, and philosophy begins in wonder.

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Wonder is the feeling of the philosopher, and philosophy begins in wonder.

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Plato

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Alfred North Whitehead

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Knowledge is power. Information is liberating. Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family.

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Knowledge is power. Information is liberating. Education is the premise of progress, in every society, in every family.

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Kofi Annan

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The function of sociology, as of every science, is to reveal that which is hidden.

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The function of sociology, as of every science, is to reveal that which is hidden.

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Pierre Bourdieu

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In economics, hope and faith coexist with great scientific pretension and also a deep desire for respectability.

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In economics, hope and faith coexist with great scientific pretension and also a deep desire for respectability.

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John Kenneth Galbraith

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Which quotes do students find the most and least insightful? Do they challenge or support your assumptions about this aspect of TOK? What do they reveal about the way this aspect of TOK interlinks with rest of the course?

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Use the quotes to provide students with a quick access point into this aspect of TOK, prompt discussions and debates in your classroom, and introduce a range of influential thinkers.

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We've arranged the quotes into six categories, which correspond to our Big Questions. See more on the BQs here.

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You can also apply them easily to the knowledge framework: Section 1 links to nature and scope; Section 2 links to ethics; Section 3, 5, 6 links to methods & tools; Section 4 links to perspectives.