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ES1: Students should be able to describe the relationships between various celestial objects including moons, asteroids, comets, planets, stars, solar systems, galaxies and space.

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What impact does the moon have on the Earth and vice versa?

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What makes asteroids and comets different?

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Orbit of the Planets in the Solar System

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Stephen Hawking - Formation of the Solar System

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Origins of the Universe 101 | National Geographic

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What are planets and what are they made of?!?

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Peer Reviewed Article Regarding the Big Bang

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Peer Reviewed Article Regarding the Big Bang

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Background information.

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Student Activity

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What we now know is thet the Universe is 13.8 billion years old and it is still expanding. At the beginning there was the big bang, which makes the emerging of space and time togather. In the next 1000 seconds the Universe begun expanding with enormous speed, where for a fraction of the second, from the size of a bean it may become the size of planet. This period is called "Inflation". In the next 300 000 years it experienced a rapid drop in temperature. Then the first atoms were formed. They formed the first elements, hydrogen and helium, which happen to be the most common elements in the Universe. The photons no longer interacted with other particles, making the Universe transperant. At the age of 1 billion yeras, clouds of gases begun to bind togather to form the first stars. The stars also experiencing gravity forces formed clusters to create first galaxies. Then after about 10 billions of years from big bang, the first born stars begun to die out, ejecting materials for the first planets formation. 3.8 billion years later the first humans appear. They evolved from an ape to a human for a tiny fraction of the space time scale, which makes it very possible a lot of other life forms to have existed, thrived and perished since the formation of the first planets.

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Big Bang Puzzle | Astronomy Learning Game

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Sort the stages of the Universe expansion in correct order. Astronomy exercise to study the evolution of the Universe. Fun educational game, suitable for online lessons and interactive classes. Free online game. Interactive Universe creation.

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Nature of Science:

1, 4, 5, 8, 10

Other Science Strands:

ES 2, PW 3, ES 3.

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IS the greenhouse effect good or bad?

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Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet

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Credit: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

The greenhouse effect is the process through which heat is trapped near Earth's surface by substances known as 'greenhouse gases.' Imagine these gases as a cozy blanket enveloping our planet, helping to maintain a warmer temperature than it would have otherwise. Greenhouse gases consist of carbon dioxide, methane, ozone, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, and water vapor. Water vapor, which reacts to temperature changes, is referred to as a 'feedback', because it amplifies the effect of forces that initially caused the warming.

Scientists have determined that carbon dioxide plays a crucial role in maintaining the stability of Earth's atmosphere. If carbon dioxide were removed, the terrestrial greenhouse effect would collapse, and Earth's surface temperature would drop significantly, by approximately 33°C (59°F).

Greenhouse gases are part of Earth's atmosphere. This is why Earth is often called the 'Goldilocks' planet - its conditions are just right, not too hot or too cold, allowing life to thrive. Part of what makes Earth so amenable is its natural greenhouse effect, which maintains an average temperature of 15 °C (59 ° F) . However, in the last century, human activities, primarily from burning fossil fuels that have led to the release of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, have disrupted Earth's energy balance. This has led to an increase in carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and ocean. The level of carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere has been rising consistently for decades and traps extra heat near Earth's surface, causing temperatures to rise.
READ MORE

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national aeronautics and space administration

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Vital Signs of the Planet: Global Climate Change and Global Warming. Current news and data streams about global warming and climate change from NASA.