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Mexico's war for independence from Spain started when Napoleon Bonaparte invaded Spain in 1808. This invasion weakened Spain and on September 16th, 1810 the parish priest Miguel Hidalgo Costilla issued a Cry of Dolores (call for revolution). The war for independence from Spain lasted 11 years, 1 week and 4 days, ending in the year of 1821. The struggle for independence was a long fought battle but took a turn when the Spanish general Agustin de Iturbide switch sides to help the rebels. The war ended with the Treaty of Cordoba on August 24th, 1841. Even with the signing of this treaty Spain still did not recognize Mexico as country for many year after.

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Impressionism/Realism

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Miguel Hidalgo Costilla was a Roman Catholic priest and he was a leader of the Mexican Revolution. Mexico's independence started as a social and economic war of the against the upper classes. Costilla had lead this movement. He was eventually executed by firing squad for this rebellion. Even with his death his efforts in this movement lead to him being called the Father of Mexico's Independence. Mexico celebrates independence day on September 16th, which is the day he wrote the Cry of Dolores.

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, in full José María Morelos y Pavón, (born September 30, 1765, Valladolid, Mexico-died December 22, 1815, San Cristóbal), revolutionary priest who assumed leadership of the Mexican independence movement after Miguel Hidalgo 's 1810 rebellion and subsequent execution.

Morelos was a child of mixed ethnic heritage in a society in which fine-line categorical distinctions were drawn on the basis of the composition of one's ethnic background. Generally, he is characterized as having been a pardo-that is, the progeny of mixed European, Native American, and African heritage. He is also sometimes characterized as mulato pardo, which, under another classification scheme, is defined as a person of half Native American and half African descent.

Born in poverty, Morelos worked as a muleteer and cowhand until at the age of 25 he began study for the priesthood at the Colegio de San Nicolás in Valladolid. He held several obscure curacies serving mostly Indians and mestizos. Early in 1811 he joined Hidalgo's insurrection, and after Hidalgo's death (July 31) he took command of the movement in southern Mexico. Between 1812 and 1815 he controlled most of Mexico southwest of Mexico City, holding at one time or another Acapulco, Oaxaca, Tehuacán, and Cuautla (Santiago Cuautla). Lacking manpower to consolidate control over all of the region after his victories, he turned increasingly to guerrilla tactics.

Morelos called the Congress of Chilpancingo in 1813 to form a government and draft a constitution. In November the congress declared Mexico's independence, and in October 1814 at Apatzingán it promulgated an egalitarian constitution. The congress was safe, however, only so long as it moved from place to place under the protection of Morelos's nomadic army. Finally, royalist forces caught up with the insurgents, but Morelos fought a rearguard action allowing most of the revolutionary government to escape. He was captured, however, and, after being defrocked, was shot as a traitor.

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José María Morelos | Independence leader, Mexican War, Insurgent leader

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José María Morelos, revolutionary priest who assumed leadership of the Mexican independence movement after Miguel Hidalgo's 1810 rebellion and subsequent execution. Morelos was a child of mixed ethnic heritage in a society in which fine-line categorical distinctions were drawn on the basis of the

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The Haitian Revolution started in 1791, this is because the French government granted citizenship to the wealthier Haitians, which caused the slaves to rise into rebellion. The revolution, lasted 13 years to the year of 1804. During this time, the African's who were enslaved by the French, fought to overthrow there French controllers. There are several reasons for this rebellion. Such as brutal slave treatment and racial hierarchy. A leader of this revolution was Toussaint Louverture.

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1804 - THE HIDDEN HISTORY OF HAITI on kweliTV

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Toussaint Louverture was born enslaved on a plantation, in which in the present day is Haiti. He was however well educated in his youth of philosophers including, those during the enlightment. Once he was freed at the age of 33, he earned money from leasing a coffee plantation. His coffee plantation has many slaves. In 1790, his viewpoint was for the abolition of slavery. In 1801, Toussaint Louverture conquered the entire island of Haiti, and extended the abolition of slavery. Napoleon ended up arresting Toussaint Louverture and deporting him back to French prison were he died.

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Jean-Jacques Dessalines | Revolutionary leader, Liberator, Haitian independence

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Jean-Jacques Dessalines, emperor of Haiti who proclaimed his country’s independence in 1804. Dessalines was brought to the French West Indian colony of Saint-Domingue (Haiti) as a slave. He worked as a field hand for a black master until 1791, when he joined the slave rebellion that broke out in

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The trouble started for Brazil in 1807 when Napoleon invaded Portugal and the monarch was forced to leave and head to the colony that it had possession, which so happed to be Brazil. The King ruled from Brazil until he was finally when back to Portugal and left his son in charge. In 1822, Brazil was proclaimed to be independent from Portugal by Prince Pedro I. Brazil had been ruled by the Portuguese Empire since the 1500's. Prince Pedro was crowned Emperor of Brazil. Battles accrued all over Brazil. In 1825 Portugal recognized Brazil's independence.

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Brazilian Independence | 3 Minute History

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Prince Pedro I was given rain of Brazil by his father in 1821, when his father had fled back to Portugal. There had been much discontent with the government by the Brazilians people. There was a threat of revoke, so Pedro I had sided with the Brazilian's people. He had declared Brazil's independence in 1822. He was then named the Emperor of Brazil in 1822. By 1824, he had defeated all armies that were loyal to Portugal.